Chii chiri chinongedzo chenhamba chaidzo?

ari nhamba chaidzo ndiyo seti yenhamba uye zvisina musoro manhamba pane zviripo, izvo zvakare zvinoita kuti uwane mhando dzakasiyana. Izvi zvakazvarwa nekuda kwekudikanwa kwakawanikwa pakati pezana ramakore reXV neXVII apo kuverenga kwacho kwaisakwanisika kutsanangura nenzira inonzwisisika uye chaiyo, zvichiwanzo kushandiswa kwemazwi asingavimbike kana zvirevo, senge "diki" kana "muganho".

Kunyangwe hazvo maEjipitori akato shandisa zvidimbu, pakanga pasati papfuura masvomhu echiGiriki kuti "nhamba" yakadzidzwa mune imwe nzira yehunyanzvi, apo vateveri vaPythagoras vakagumisa kuti zvese zvakavakomberedza manhamba; uye nekudaro, izvi zvakaiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana.

Kupatsanurwa kwenhamba chaiko zvichienderana nerudzi rwavo

Aya manhamba anogona kuisirwa mumhando mbiri, idzo dzatambotaura, ndiko kuti, manhamba enhamba (akanaka, akaipa uye zero) uye asina musoro (algebraic uye transcendental). Kunyanya chaizvo, zvinokwanisika kuwana chinotevera chinzvimbo:

1. Rational manhamba

Manhamba ane kugona kumiririrwa sekukamurwa kwenhamba dzese, kana kuti chii chakafanana, chidimbu chakajairika uye chazvino umo manhamba uye madhinometa asiri zero kana pasi peinonzi iyi nzira.

Izvi zvakare zvakapatsanurwa kuita mhando dzinoverengeka: manhamba (zvisikwa, zero uye zvisina kukwana manhamba) uye zvidimbu (zvidimbu zvakafanira uye zvisina kukodzera).

a) Zviuru

Iwo manhamba ndiwo seti yeakasikwa manhamba, asina kukwana manhamba uye zero, izvo zvinomiririrwa nemavara "Z". Iwo manhamba anowanzo kuve anomiririrwa pamutsetse weiyo nhamba, uko iwo akanaka kana echisikigo ari kurudyi, zero iri pakati uye asina kunaka kuruboshwe.

  • Inofungidzirwa "nhamba dzakasikwa”Kune avo vanoshandiswa kuverenga zvinhu kana kuita mamwe akajairika uye akareruka masvomhu ekuverenga.
  • El cero Iko kukosha kwakashata, ndokuti, haina chero chakakosha chimiro kana chisina kuperekedzwa. Nekudaro, chinzvimbo chayo munhamba chinogona kushandura zvakazara chirevo, nekuti kana chiri kurudyi kwadzo umo chaigona kuwanda kukosha negumi; nepo kune rimwe divi pasina shanduko.
  • ari manhamba asina kunaka anoshandiswa zvinopesana nezvakanaka kana zvakasikwa, ndiko kuti, pachinzvimbo chekuverenga, mashandisiro avo kutora, kubhadhara, kushandisa kana kuve pazasi. Kuti utaure nezvavo, zvinodikanwa kuratidza izwi "kubvisa" pamberi peiyo nhamba, semuenzaniso "kubvisa zvina".

b) Kuputsika

Zvakare mukati meiyo chaiyo manhamba zvinokwanisika kuwana irudzi urwu mune rationals, iyo yakatanga nechinangwa che gadzirisa matambudziko maererano nekukamurwa kwenhamba dzechisikigo. Chidimbu chidimbu chinongova chirevo chinoratidza kupatsanurwa kweuwandu nehumwe.

Zvidimbu zvinoratidzwa nekuve nenhamba uye dhinomineta, ayo akapatsanurwa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe ne diagonal kana yakatwasuka bhaa. Zvisinei, kunyangwe paine manhamba tinogona kuwana "chidimbu chidiki", muchikamu chino mhando dzezvikamu zvatinoona zvakakodzera uye zvisina kukodzera.

  • Iwo akakodzera ane iwo ane iyo manhamba ari mashoma pane dhinomineta.
  • Izvo zvisina kunaka zvingave zvinopesana, ndokuti, dhinomineta rakakura kudarika dhinomineta.

2. Irrational manhamba

Irrationals ndidzo idzo nhamba dzisina kugona kunyorwa muchidimbu, sezvo madimikira avo achiramba achizvidzokorora zvisingaverengeke. Semuenzaniso, hazvigoneke kunyora chidimbu chinosanganisira iyo nhamba Pi, e, reshiyo yegoridhe nemidzi square, cubic, pakati pevamwe.

Irrational manhamba akamuka nekuda kwekudikanwa kwemudzidzi wePythagoras kuti anyore mudzi sechidimbu; tichiziva kuti izvi zvaisaita uye kuti yaive nhamba yatinoziva nhasi pasi peshoko rekuti "zvisina musoro". Nekudaro, Pythagoras haana kubvumirana nezvaakawana, kunyangwe zvichinzi zvinemusoro kwaari sekuchikoro kwake.

Uyezve, izvi zvinogona kuiswa mumhando mbiri, algebraic uye transcendental.

  • ari algebraic ndidzo dzinobvumidza kugadzirisa algebraic equation.
  • ari inopfuura Iwo ndeavo asingakwanise kumiririrwa nenhamba inogumira yemidzi (kusiyana neiyo maalgebraic) uye isingateedzere pateni mune avo madimikira. Pakati pavo tinowana iyo nhamba Pi.

Parizvino tinouya nekupatsanurwa kwenhamba chaidzo, idzo tinotarisira kuti dzave nyore kuverenga nekunzwisisa; sezvo vanhu vazhinji vasiri vanoda masvomhu uye takaita zvese zvatinogona kuti tipe tsananguro yakajeka uye yakapusa.


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Your kero e havazobvumirwi ichibudiswa. Raida minda anozivikanwa ne *

  1. Inotarisira iyo data: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Chinangwa cheiyo data: Kudzora SPAM, manejimendi manejimendi.
  3. Legitimation: Kubvuma kwako
  4. Kutaurirana kwedata
  5. Dhata yekuchengetedza: Dhatabhesi inobatwa neOccentus Networks (EU)
  6. Kodzero: Panguva ipi neipi iwe unogona kudzora, kupora uye kudzima ruzivo rwako

  1.   Jos + e akadaro

    Tsananguro yakanaka. Kunyangwe ini ndisiri kuramba mathematics (ini ndiri Pharmacist) ini handishandise iyi classification kazhinji. Zvakajeka uye zvipfupi.
    gracias
    Jose

    1.    jasinth akadaro

      ndinotenda nekuda kwenyasha shamwari kana shamwari