Mipiro ye Galileo Galilei ivo vaive vakakosha chaizvo mukusimudzira kwefizikisi, nyeredzi uye sainzi mune zvese; nekuti kunyangwe izvi zvinonzi baba vesainzi, izvo zvinoenderana nezvidzidzo zvaive a fizikisi, mainjiniya, nyanzvi yemasvomhu, nyeredzi uye muzivi uyo akaberekerwa muItari munaFebruary 15, 1564.
Galileo aive murume wechiKaturike maererano nesangano reRenaissance, uyo aisango farira zvesainzi chete, asiwo nehunyanzvi hwekutaura. Kunze kwezvo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti izvi zvaive zvakakosha pakushanduka kwesainzi, sezvo zvaipokana nedzidziso dzekare dzesainzi nechitendero; uko kwekupedzisira kwaive chikonzero chekuvharirwa kwake uye kufa kwakazotevera, nekuti kunyangwe aive muKaturike izvi raisave dambudziko kwaari nemhando yake yeCopernican yezvose.
Mupiro kuCopernican dzidziso
Munguva dzekare, refu pamberi paGalileo, zvaingofungidzirwa kuti Mwari ndiye akasika zvakasikwa uye saka vaongorori vaingofunga kudzidza zvaivemo. Zvinoenderana nedzidziso dzaAristotle naPtolemy, pamwe neChechi yeKaturike, pasi raive kuCentre of the Universe uye kunyangwe izvo zvisina kutsanangura zviitiko zvese zvinoonekwa nevadzidzi, yaive dzidziso inoshanda kusvika pakasvika Copernicus, Galileo, Johannes Kepler naTycho Brahe.
Galileo akabatsira kudzidziso yeCopernican (Mapuraneti anotenderera zuva) kuwanikwa kwaakapihwa neteresikopu yake ichangobva kuvandudzwa, sekucherechedza kwaakaita kweMwedzi, Jupiter, Venus, uye kunyange zuva. Chii chakamubatsira kuti agadzire chinyorwa chakatsanangura mashandiro edenga uye chii yaive nzvimbo yepasi mairi.
Shanduko yesainzi
Imwe yemipiro ye Galileo Galilei Chakanyanya kucherechedzwa aive maitiro ake kuChechi yeKaturike yekuda kuenda nhanho imwe kumberi uye kuratidza kuti iyo modhi kana dzidziso yaive nezvayo nezveChechi yakanga isiriyo, kunyangwe zvaizoda marii.
Izvi, pamwe nekusungwa kwake, zvakarerutsa nzira yekuti mamwe masayendisiti ajoine uye aparadzane neChechi yeKaturike, ichigadzira shanduko yesainzi iyo yakabvumidza kuvandudzwa kwesainzi nekumhanyisa kukuru kupfuura munguva dzakapfuura; chikonzero nei munguva pfupi takakwanisa kusvika patiri nhasi. Naizvozvo, mupiro waGalileo Galilei kunyika yanhasi ndiwo mukurusa pane zvese.
Galileo Galilei mabhuku
Mumakore ehupenyu hwaGalileo, akaburitsa akateedzana emabhuku nezve dzakasiyana nzvimbo, senge fizikisi kana nyeredzi. Pakati pavo tinogona kuwana "Iyo Sidereal Messenger" ya1610, "mashandiro eiyo geometric neyemauto kambasi" ya1604, "Discourse pamusoro pezvinhu zvinoyangarara pamusoro pemvura" zve1612, "Dialogues pane maviri makuru masisitimu epasi" ye1631 uye "Sayenzi mbiri nyowani" ya1638.
- Mutumwa wedivi iri nezve zvakawanikwa musayendisiti pamusoro pemwedzi.
- Iko mashandiro eiyo geometric nemauto kambasi Yakanga iine tsananguro yemusayendisiti yezve kuyedza uye mashandisiro aizo shandiswa munharaunda yehunyanzvi.
- Bhuku ra kutaura pamusoro pezvinhu zvinoyangarara pamusoro pemvura, Asi yaisanganisira kuongorora kwakatsvaga kuongorora dzidziso yaAristotle, yaive yechokwadi.
- Nhaurirano pane maviri makuru masisitimu pasi, Yakanga iri pamusoro pemaonero akasiyana pamusoro pedzidziso dzePasi rose yenguva; kunyanya paive nevatatu, iyo Copernican dzidziso, iyo iyo yaisatenda mazviri uye isina tsvete. Bhuku rinokura nemunhu kune imwe neimwe pfungwa.
- Pakupedzisira Sayenzi mbiri nyowani vaive nechinangwa chekuita pfupiso nezvesainzi yekufamba uye simba, izvo zvaive chikamu che Mipiro yaGalileo Galilei kufizikiki.
Mutemo wekufamba
Mutemo wekutanga waNewton wekufambisa ndicho chinhu chakadzidzwa naGalileo, uyo akanzwisisa kuti miviri inogona kumhanyisa pamwero wakaenzana zvisinei nehukuru hwayo kana saizi; saka kufamba kwacho kwaingove pamusoro pekumhanya uye nekwatungamirwa kwemuviri.
Sekureva kwaGalileo, kufamba uku kwakagadzirwa nekutenda kwesimba "uye" kana ichi chisiri chikamu chehurongwa, mutumbi unenge uri "kuzorora". Uyezve, yakagumisawo kuti zvinhu zvinokwanisa kuramba shanduko mukufamba kwavo, saka akawana "inertia."
Teresikopu kusimudzira
Kunyangwe murume uyu asina kugadzira teresikopu, akakwanisa kuivandudza zvakanyanya. Mumakore iwayo, kwaitove neteresikopu iyo yaikwanisa kukwidziridza katatu, asi Galileo akakwanisa kugadzirisa lenzi kuti akwanise kukudza zvakapetwa makumi matatu.
Teresikopu yekutanga yakaita misoro muna 1609 uye kwapera gore, musayendisiti uyu akagadzira zvinopfuura makumi mashanu ezvienzaniso (kwete ese anoshanda) Uye zvakare, gadzirisawo chifananidzo chinopfuudzwa nechiridzwa ichi, nekuti pakutanga zvaionekwa zvakapetwa.
Saturn satellites
Mipiro yaGalileo yainge yakasiyana zvakanyanya, nekuti panguva iyi akacherekedza ma satellite eJupiter (akaaona kekutanga muna Ndira 1610) kuburikidza neteresikopu yake, achitenda kuti idzi dzaive nyeredzi pakutanga asi gare gare akanzwisisa kuti dzaive satellite dzayo. padyo padyo nepasi, ndipo pavakakurumidza kufamba.
Izvo zvikamu zveVenus
Maive mukutanga kwema1600s apo Galileo Galiei paakawana zvikamu zveVenus. Ichokwadi ndechekuti akange atoona nyeredzi uye Jupiter kana Saturn. Nekudaro, mune iyi nyaya akakwanisa kuongorora kuti paive nhevedzano yezvikamu zvinoenderana neizvo zvemwedzi. Nenzira iyi, ndeimwe yemipiro mikuru yaGalileo kubvira pavanosimbisa, zvakare, iyo Copernican dzidziso. Kwemakore anopfuura chiuru nemazana mashanu, dzidziso iyi yaitendwa kuti zvese zuva, mapuraneti nemwedzi ndizvo zvaitenderera pasi. Saka pakaonekwa zvikamu zveVenus, zvakaonekwa kuti zvese zvaifungidzirwa zvaive zvisingawirirane neizvi kuwanikwa.
Mwedzi wejupita
Iwo anonzi mwedzi weJupiter akawanikwa muna 1610 uyezve, naGalileo Galilei. Iwo aive mana mana ma satellite akakurisa aive nepasi rino. Io, Europa, Ganymede uye Callisto. Kunyangwe iye pakutanga akavasarudza nenhamba. Galileo akaona mapoinzi matatu uye zuva rakatevera akaona kuti paive nemana. Ivo vaisakwanisa kuve nyeredzi nekuti ivo vaitenderera vachitenderedza.
Sunspots
Masipopu ezuva panguva iyoyo akaongororwa nenhamba huru yemasayendisiti nevatsvakurudzi, saka izvi zvinopihwa zvisiri izvo kuna Galileo nekuti akashandisa zvakawanikwa nemamwe masayendisiti kuzvipa iwo uye nekudaro akawana mukurumbira uye kuremekedzwa kwamambo.
Zvisinei, akabatsirawo kudzidza kwavo, izvo pamwe nekumwe kuferefetwa kwakamubvumidza kuti asimbise dzidziso yeCopernican, nekuti aya mavara aitaridza kuti pasi raitenderera zuva.
Iyo pendulum
Imwe yemipiro yaGalileo Galilei yaive pendulum, sezvo achiri jaya akacherera mabhero ePisa Cathedral uye nemabatiro avakaita nekuda kwekufamba kunoitwa nemhepo mhepo.
Akazvigadzira muna 1583 uye nekuyedza kupomba kwake akakwanisa kuwana "mutemo wependulum". Icho chirevo icho chichiri kushandiswa nanhasi, icho chinotaura kuti zvisinei nedaro rekuti pendulum inofamba ichibva kune yakaenzana, haina kusiyana mukuzungunuka kwayo.
Kudzidza kwemwedzi
ari kudzidza kwemwedzi naGalileo Galilei zviri pakati pezvipo zvake zvakakurisa mukuongorora nyeredzi nesainzi mune zvese, nekuti kufamba kwayo uye hunhu hwayo ndizvo chinhu chakadzidzwa. Nekudaro dzidziso yekuti setiraiti yedu yaive yemaitiro edu imwechete yakazvarwa (akacherekedza makomo nemakoronga ari mairi), izvo zvakamupa chikonzero chakawedzerwa chekutenda mune yeCopernican dzidziso.
Thermoscope
Pakati pezvakanyanya kugadzirwa zvigadzirwa tinowana iyo thermoscope, sezvo yaive yekutanga yerudzi rwayo uye iyi yakashanda mukugadzirwa kweiyo thermometer izvo zvatinoziva nhasi. Iyo yekugadzira yakaitwa muna 1592, apo Galileo akashandisa girazi diki remvura rakasungirirwa pombi yaive negirazi isina chinhu pamagumo. Izvi zvakashanda zvinoenderana nekupisa uye kumanikidza, nekuti mhedzisiro inogona kuwanikwa pamwe nekubatana kwezvinhu zviviri izvi.
Kunyangwe iyo thermoscope yanga isina mukana wekupa chaiyo chiyero pamusoro peiri tembiricha, inogona kuratidza shanduko dzezvimwe; Saka kunyangwe zvingaratidzika kunge hachina basa nhasi, panguva iyoyo chaive chinhu chitsva chakawanikwa icho chakabvumidza kuvandudzwa kwemidziyo yekuyera yemakore anotevera.
Maitiro eSainzi
Galileo Galilei anoonekwawo se baba wenzira yesainzi, iyo yaakaratidza munguva yekuchengetedza kwechitendero cheKaturike uye icho, zvakare, chakange chisina hukama nedzidziso dzaAristotle.
Kuwanikwa uku kwakaitwa apo Galileo akashandisa humbowo hwemasvomhu mune zvimwe zvaakawana kana kuferefeta; iyo inoonekwa sechishandiso chekutsvaga. Kunyangwe usati wataura nezvazvo (pane kusahadzika nezvekuti sei), izvi zvakashandira mukusimudzira kwenzira yesainzi.
Mhete dzaSaturn
Iye aive iye wekutanga nyeredzi kuona Saturn kubva Pasi. Achiongorora, akawana chimwe chinhu chakamubata. Icho chaive chinhu asi mhete dzaSaturn. Kunyangwe pamwe chokwadi chekuti zvakadaro chisiri mupiro wekuburitsa pachena, zvakakodzera kuti utaure nezvazvo.
Mutemo weKudonha
Zvakare mumunda wefizikisi, uyu musayendisiti akavandudza nekuratidza kuti simba rakakonzera kumhanyisa kwete kumhanyisa sekutaura kwaAristotle makarekare; izvo zvakamutendera kuti anzwisise kuti simba regiravhiti isimba rinogara riripo uye kuti rinoburitsa kukurumidza kumhanyisa mitezo inowira pasi.
Mipiro yaGalileo Galilei haingori inoshamisa chete panguva yaaive, asi yakashandawo sehwaro hwekusimudzira kwesainzi kubva kuzana ramakore kusvika nhasi. Naizvozvo, uyu hunhu munhoroondo hwakaoma kukanganwa, nekuti makore ese ehupenyu hwake akazvipira kuzvinhu izvi zvakawanikwa zvakakosha kune nzanga yazvino nesainzi.
Woou handizive kuti ndokutenda zvakanyanya sei nekuda kwako. Kushanda kwakakosha zvakanyanya
ruzivo rwakandishandira zvakanyanya uye ndinokutendai nekuedza kwekutenda kwamakaita
Idzi pfungwa dzese dzakandibatsira mukutsvaga kwandaiita, maita basa nezvose
Mhoro hapana mames iwe uri ngochani unobata nepenisi mumaoko
Inonakidza kwazvo ndakaifarira
KUVERENGA ZVINOTAURWA NEZVAKAITWA NEPAGE NEZVENYAYA IYO HUNHU, UMWE ANOGONESEDZWA NEZVAKE ZVAKANAKA UCHENJERI. KUBVIRA NGUVA YOKUvapo KWAYO, DZIDZISO DZAYO NEZANO RINOGARA ZVAKANAKA
Zvakandibatsira zvakanyanya :)
zvakanaka izvozvo
Mashoko aya akandibatsira zvikuru
Yakandibatsira miniti kuchikoro uye ndakawana zvakapetwa zvakapetwa kaviri kumba. ??
Yakandishandira zvakanyanya, iyo fizikisi kirasi ikozvino ichareruka, ndatenda nekuedza kwako
Ndinokutendai neizvi uyo akaita kuti ive inokosha 1000
Ini ndaifarira ruzivo irworwo uye rwakandibatsira kukutendai.
Ini ndinoona ruzivo urwu rwuchivhiringidza: Satellites yeSaturn
Mipiro yaGalileo yainge yakasiyana zvakanyanya, nekuti mune iyi nyaya akacherekedza masatellite eJupiter
Ndatenda zvikuru neruzivo
haha tumira: v
Chakanga chiri chinyorwa chisingaenzaniswi chebasa rakasiyiwa nehunyanzvi uhu hunouya kuzvizvarwa zvakazopa zvakawanda kuvanhu uye nesainzi yazvino uye uyo akandibatsira zvakanyanya kuti ndiongororwe kuti Yunivhesiti yeGalileo yakandisiira pano muGuatemala pahupenyu nebasa raGalileo Galilei. Ndinotenda kwazvo kune ino post.