Weligaa ma dareentay inay jiraan laba nooc oo dhoola cadeyn ah: dhoola cadeyn dhab ah iyo mid been abuur ah? Kala soocidani waxay xiiseyneysay cilmi baarayaasha in muddo ah. Xaqiiqdii, dhoolla caddeynta dhabta ah waxay leedahay magac. Waxaa loo yaqaan "dhoola cadeynta" dhaqtarka Faransiiska Guillaume Duchenne, oo bartay cilmiga jir ahaaneed ee muuqaalka wajiga.
Dhoolacadaynta 'Duchenne' waxay ku lug leedahay isugeyn ikhtiyaari ah oo aan qasab ahayn oo ah laba muruq: zygomaticus weyn (kor u qaadida geesaha afka) iyo orbicularis oculi (kor u qaadista dhabannada iyo soo saarista cagaha cagaha ee indhaha). Qosol been ah wuxuu muujinayaa foosha kaliya ee 'zygomaticus major' maadaama aanan si ikhtiyaari ah u qandaraas qaadi karin muruqyada orbicularis oculi.
Laba nooc oo dhoola cadeyn ah
Saynisyahannadu waxay ogaadeen in labadan nooc ee dhoolla caddaynta ay dhab ahaantii gacanta ku hayaan laba qaybood oo gebi ahaanba ka duwan maskaxdeenna. Markuu bukaan-socodka meydka mootada ee qeybta bidix ee maskaxda isku dayo inuu dhoola caddeeyo, dhoollacaddayntu waa mid aan sinnayn oo dhinaca midig ee dhoollacaddaynta uma dhaqaaqdo sidii la rabay. Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka isla bukaanku isla qoslo, dhoollacaddeynta waa iska caadi asymmetry la'aan. Taas macnaheedu waa dhoola cadeynta dhabta ah waxaa xukuma qeyb kale oo maskaxda ka mid ah.
Hadda, markii bukaan dhaawac ka soo gaadhay suuska hore (qayb ka mid ah nidaamka limbic) ee cirifka bidix isku dayo inuu dhoola caddeeyo, ma jiro wax asymmetry ah. Dhoolacaddeynta waa iska caadi. Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka isla bukaanku isku dayo inuu dhoola cadeeyo, asymmetry ayaa u muuqda.
Sidaa darteed, dhoolla caddeynta beenta ah waxaa xukuma kiliyaha mootada, halka dhaqdhaqaaqa la xiriira shucuurta, sida dhoola cadeynta Duchenne, Waxaa xukuma nidaamka limbic-ka (xarunta dareenka ee maskaxda).
Dhoola caddeyn daacad ah oo dhalinaysa shucuur togan
Dareenkaan, dhoola cadeynta Duchenne waa dhoollacaddeyn dabiici ah oo raaxo leh, oo lagu sameeyay qandaraaska muruqa weyn ee zygomaticus iyo muruqyada orbicularis oculi. Markaad aragto qof muujinaya dhoolacadaynta Duchenne, waxaad dabiici ahaan u dareemaysaa shucuur togan qofka dhoolla caddaynaya. Dhoollacaddayntu waa mid kala duwan, iyadoo afka la rogrogay (muruqa weyn ee 'zygomaticus), dhabannada kor loo qaadayo, iyo godadka isha oo is cidhiidhya si loo abuuro cagaha tuke (orbicularis oculi).
Duchenne waa mid gaar ah. Dhoolacadaynta Duchenne way ka duwan tahay dhoolla caddeynta aan ahayn Duchenne sababo kala duwan awgood Marka hore, dhoola cadeynta 'Duchenne' waxay isticmaashaa labadaba 'zygomaticus major' iyo 'orbicularis oculi'. Dhoola caddeynta aan aheyn Duchenne ma gaarto indhaha, laakiin waxay degtaa oo keliya bushimaha oo laga yaabee dhabannada.
Marka labaad, dhoola cadeynta Duchenne waxaa loo tixgeliyaa dhoola cadeyn dabiici ah oo raaxo leh. Waagii hore, isku raacsanaanta cilmi baarayaashu waxay ahayd in dhoola cadeynta dhabta ah ee Duchenne aysan been abuur noqon karin. Daraasad dhowaan la sameeyay ayaa su'aal gelisay. Hadda, cilmi baarayaashu waxay waqti badan ku bixinayaan sidii ay u ogaan lahaayeen sida aan uga faa'iideysanno iyo sida aan u soo saari karno dhoolla-caddeynta Duchenne.
Dhoolacadaynta raaxada
Muxuu dhoola cadeynta raaxada uga duwanaa dhoolla caddeynta kale? Farqiga u dhexeeya raaxaysiga iyo dhoolla caddaynta kale waxay ka soo baxaan neuroanatomi shaqeynaya. Waxaa u muuqda laba dariiq oo neerfaha oo kala duwan oo dhexdhexaadinaya muuqaalka wajiga; hal waddo waa ficillada wajiga ikhtiyaariga ah, iyo ilbiriqsiyo loogu talagalay ficillada wajiga aan qasabka ahayn iyo shucuurta.
Dhaqdhaqaaqyada wajiga ikhtiyaariga ah waxay ka soo baxaan mashiinka maskaxda ee maskaxda waxayna wajiga ku gaadhaan nidaamka mootada ah ee haramka. Dhaqdhaqaaqyo wajiga ah oo aan qasab ahayn, sida kuwa ku lug leh muujinta shucuurta, ayaa badanaa ka soo baxa nuclei-hoosaadka iyo waxay ku gaarayaan wejiga nidaamka mootada dheeriga ah.
Sidee loo dhahaa dhoola cadeynta raaxada waa run
Sidii aan kor ku soo sheegnay laakiin waxaa xusid mudan, dhoola cadeynta raaxada dhabta ah, maqaarka kore iyo isha hoostiisa ayaa loo kala bixiyay dhanka kubbadda isha, tanina waxay soo saartaa isbeddellada soo socda ee muuqaalka. Dhabannada ayaa kor loo taagay; maqaarka isha hoosteeda ayaa ururi kara ama weynaanaya; baalalka hoose ee indhaha ayaa kor u kaca. Laalaabyada cagaha ee Crow ayaa ka muuqan kara geeska kore ee godka isha; maqaarka isha waxyar ayaa hoos loo jiidayaa oo gudaha; sunnayaashana hoos ayey u yara dhaqaaqaan.
Dhoollacaddaynta aan raaxaysiga lahayn, taa beddelkeeda, waxay muujisaa dhaqdhaqaaq isku mid ah geesaha bushimaha sida dhoollacaddaynta raaxaysiga, laakiin kuma lug laha isbeddellada muruqyada indhaha agtiisa. Waxay ku jirtaa muuqaalka ka sarreeya dhammaan, dhalaalka indhaha, halkaas oo aad runtii ku qancin karto haddii qofku si dhab ah u dhoola cadeynayo, ama maya.
Dhoola cadeyn been ah
Dhamaanteen waxaan ku qoslinay si been ah mar uun nolosheena. Qosol ahaan, maqnaanshaha dhaqdhaqaaqa qeybta muruqa ee wareega isha (orbicularis oculi pars lateralis, oo Latin ah) wuxuu kala saaraa qosolka beenta ah midka dhabta ah. Haddii dhoollacaddayntu dhexdhexaad ama dhexdhexaad dhexdhexaad tahay, maqnaanshaha dhaqdhaqaaqani waa fududahay in la ogaado sababta oo ah cagaha cagaha ma jiraan oo dhabannada kor looma qaado ficilka muruqyada, taasoo yaraysa furitaanka isha.
Dhinaca kale, dhoolla caddayn si ula kac ah loo sameeyay ayaa soo saari doonta dhammaan calaamadahaas, taasoo ka dhigaysa been abuurku mid ay adag tahay in la ogaado, sidaas darteed tilmaam aad u badan oo xeel dheer waa in la raadsadaa: hoos u dhac aad u yar oo sunnada iyo maqaarka u dhexeeya baarka iyo kore baalasha indhaha, taas oo loo yaqaan cirridka daboolka isha. Farqigaani waa mid adag in la aqoonsado, inta badanna waxaan si fudud ugu waalan karnaa dhoolla-caddayn ballaadhan oo been abuur ah, taas oo waliba sharrax ka bixin karta sababta ay dadku ugu adeegsadaan maaskaro shucuureed oo caadi ah.
Dhoola cadeynta bulshada
Dhoola cadeynta bulshada, ma runbaa mise waa been abuur? Caadi ahaan waa been maxaa yeelay waan sameynaa, "maxaa yeelay waa inay sidaas noqotaa" mana ahan sababta oo ah dhoolla caddeyntaas ayaa dhab ahaan la dareemayaa xilligaas, ugu yaraan, xilliyada badankood.
Khubarada ku takhasusay cilmiga anthropologists sidoo kale waxay arkeen in aadanuhu dhaqamada kala duwan ay u dhoola cadeeyaan xaaladaha ku lug leh shucuurta taban iyo kuwa togan, iyagoo sii xoojinaya gabagabada khubarada cilmi nafsiga ... muujinta shucuurta, iyo gaar ahaan, ma jirin muuqaalka wajiga guud ee raaxeysiga, in kasta oo ay jiraan wejiyo ballaadhan oo wajiyada shucuurta ah.