Ugqirha wakho usenokuba uthethile nawe malunga ne-ergonomics ngexesha elinye okanye elinye. Kuyimfuneko ukwazi malunga noku ukuze ube nokuma okuhle kokubini kubomi bakho nakubomi bakho bomsebenzi. Kodwa ayimfuneko kuphela ekumeni kwakho, nje ukuba wazi ngakumbi ngesi sihloko uyakuqonda ukubaluleka kwaso.
I-Ergonomics yinkqubo yokuyila okanye yokuququzelela iindawo zokusebenzela, iimveliso, kunye neenkqubo ezilungele abantu abazisebenzisayo. Uninzi lwabantu luvile nge-ergonomics kwaye bacinga ukuba inento yokwenza nezihlalo okanye uyilo lolawulo lwemoto kunye nezixhobo, kwaye ... kodwa ingaphezulu.
Yintoni ergonomics
I-Ergonomics isebenza kuyilo lwayo nayiphi na into ebandakanya abantu: iindawo zomsebenzi, ezemidlalo nolonwabo, impilo nokhuseleko. Lisebe lesayensi elijolise ekufundeni malunga nobuchule bomntu kunye nokusikelwa umda, emva koko usebenzise oku kufunda ukuphucula intsebenzo yabantu neemveliso, iinkqubo kunye nemeko-bume.
Iinjongo zokuphucula indawo yokusebenzela kunye nemeko zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokulimala okanye wokonakaliswa. Njengoko ubuchwepheshe butshintsha, ikwanjalo nemfuneko yokuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo esizifumana ekusebenzeni, ekuphumleni nasekudlaleni ziyilelwe iimfuno zemizimba yethu.
Kutheni i-ergonomics ibalulekile?
Iindleko ze-ergonomics ezihlwempuzekileyo kwindawo yokusebenzela ziyafana nokwenzakala okunxulumene nomsebenzi kunye nezifo. Intlungu ebuyela umva kukukhubazeka okuqhelekileyo emsebenzini, okuchaphazela abasebenzi kwiiofisi, kwiindawo zokwakha, nakwelona candelo liphezulu lomngcipheko, ezolimo.
I-Ergonomics ijolise ekwenzeni indawo yokusebenzela ekhuselekileyo, ekhululekile kunye nenemveliso ngokudibanisa amandla omntu kunye nokusikelwa umda kuyilo lwendawo yokusebenza, kubandakanya ubungakanani bomzimba, amandla, isakhono, isantya, amandla eemvakalelo (umbono, ukuva), kunye nesimo sengqondo somntu ngamnye.
I-Ergonomics kubantu abadala
Kuluntu lwanamhlanje kwihlabathi liphela inani labantu abadala liyonyuka minyaka le, into eqhelekileyo kuba kukho umgangatho wobomi obungcono kwaye abantu banethuba lokuphila ixesha elide kwaye bonwabele ukuguga nokwaluphala ngeyona ndlela ibhetele.
Ngale nto, izixhobo, iinkonzo kunye neenkqubo ziya kufuna ukuyilwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo zabemi abalupheleyo, ukufaka isicelo kwizithuthi zikawonkewonke, kumaziko okwakha nakwiindawo zokuhlala.
I-ergonomics isebenza njani?
I-Ergonomics yisebe elitsha lezesayensi elibhiyozela iminyaka engama-50 ngo-1999, kodwa lithatha uphando olwenziwe kwiindawo ezininzi zesayensi ezindala kunye nezomeleleyo, ezifana nobunjineli, i-physiology kunye neengqondo. Ukufezekisa uyilo olululo, I-ergonomists isebenzisa idatha kunye nobuchule obuvela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo:
- I-Anthropometry: ubungakanani bomzimba, imilo; abantu kunye nokwahluka
- I-Biomechanics: izihlunu, amandla, amandla, amandla
- I-physics yendalo esingqongileyo: ingxolo, ukukhanya, ubushushu, ukubanda, imitha, ukungcangcazela, iinkqubo zomzimba: ukuva, umbono, imvakalelo
- Ukusetyenziswa kwengqondo: amandla, ukufunda, iimpazamo, umahluko
- Isayensi yezengqondo: amaqela, unxibelelwano, ukufunda, isimilo
Imingcipheko emibi ye-ergonomics
I-ergonomics engalunganga ayifani noyilo olubi. Ngokuyila, i-ergonomics yenye yezinto ezininzi ezifuna ingqalelo. I-Ergonomics kufuneka ilungelelaniswe nezinye izinto ezinjenge-aesthetics (indlela ebonakala ngayo imveliso), imakethi (izinto abantu abafuna ukuzithenga), kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali, olunokumisela umgangatho wezinto kunye nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuyakha.
I-ergonomics engalunganga ichaza ukunqongophala komanyano phakathi kwendalo, umsebenzi kunye nezixhobo. Isitulo sokutya esime nkqo, umzekelo, ayinakuthathwa njenge-ergonomic, kodwa kwindawo efanelekileyo, enjengegumbi lokutyela elisetyenziswa rhoqo, liwenza ngokugqibeleleyo umsebenzi. Kwimeko yeofisi apho abantu bafuna ukuhlala ixesha elide, uhlobo olufanayo lwesihlalo lunokubangela iingxaki ngenxa yokunqongophala kwenkxaso ye-lumbar kunye ne-stiff, static angle.
Ukulimala okuqhelekileyo kwe-ergonomic
Okulandelayo siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi ezona nzakalo zixhaphakileyo ze-ergonomic kubantu abangayithathiyo le nto kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.
- Isifo seCarpal tunnel. Ebangelwa luxinzelelo kwimithambo-luvo ye-meridian, ebaleka isuka egxalabeni iye ezandleni kwaye ihlala ibangelwa kukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwegundane kunye nekhibhodi.
- Iingqungquthela zeGanglion Isigaqa phantsi kolusu (ngesiqhelo esihlahleni) sihlala sibangelwa kukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwelungu elikhokelela kukudumba.
- Isifo sikaRaynaud. Ukunikezelwa kwegazi okulinganiselweyo kunye nokuba ndindisholo kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, ngamanye amaxesha kubangelwa ziintshukumo eziphindaphindayo.
- Itendinitis Intlungu edibeneyo okanye ukudumba, kuhlala kubangelwa kukuphindaphinda kunye nokuma okungathandekiyo.
- Iingxaki ezisezantsi Ingabangelwa okanye yenziwe mandundu kukuhlala ixesha elide ekumeni okungalunganga, ukuphakamisa, ukujija, kunye nokugoba.
- Ezinye iingxaki zemisipha (MSD). Ixesha elingaphezulu, ukumiswa kakubi kunye nokuseta indawo yokusebenza kungakhokelela kwiingxaki zemisipha, imithambo-luvo, imithambo yegazi, iigaments kunye neethenda.
Iimpawu kunye neentlobo ze-ergonomics elungileyo
Okulandelayo siza kuthetha nawe malunga neempawu kunye neentlobo ze-ergonomics elungileyo ukuze ngale ndlela uyiphumeze kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Ke unokuba nokuma komzimba okungcono kwaye yintoni ebaluleke ngakumbi ... Uyakuqonda ukuba kuthetha ntoni i-ergonomics.
Kuba sonke sichitha ixesha elininzi kangaka emsebenzini, kubalulekile ukuba abaqeshi bakhuthaze i-ergonomics elungileyo. Ngelixa ukuthenga izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ze-ergonomic linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo, ayisosisombululo sodwa. Yintoni egqithisile, Oku akusebenzi kuphela ekusebenzeni, kodwa kukwasebenza nakubomi bakho bobuqu kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla.
- Iqela. Udinga izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zomsebenzi ukuze umzimba wakho uhlale kakuhle ngalo lonke ixesha.
- Ukucwangciswa kwendawo yokusebenza. Ukuseta indawo yakho yokusebenza kubaluleke njengokufumana izixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Ukucwangciswa kumalunga nokubekwa kwesixhobo kubude obuchanekileyo, i-engile kunye nomgama kwiimfuno zomsebenzisi.
- Ukuhamba rhoqo. Isitshixo kwimpilo enkulu kunye nemveliso kwindawo yokusebenzela okanye kubomi bobuqu kukufumana ulungelelwaniso olululo phakathi kokuhamba, ukuma nokuhlala. Umzekelo, indawo efanelekileyo kukuchitha imizuzu engama-20 uhleli, imizuzu esibhozo umile, kunye nemizuzu emibini ushukuma okanye wolule.
Ukuma kakuhle
Abantu bahlala bekujongela phantsi ukubaluleka kokuma kakuhle. Sonke siyazi ukuba ukungahambi kakuhle, njengokuwa kunye ne-slouching, kunokubangela iintlungu, iintlungu kunye nokulimala, kodwa ukuma kuyaziwa ukuba kuchaphazele indlela esivakalelwa ngayo, sicinge kwaye siziphathe kakuhle. Olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba Ukuma kakuhle kunokusinceda siziva sinethemba ngakumbi kwaye sikhumbule iinkumbulo ezintle ngokulula.
Ulwimi lomzimba lubalulekile- xa sime okanye sihleli nkqo, siziva sizithembile, sinamandla kwaye siphaphile. Ngowuphi na umbuzo we-ergonomics Unokuthetha nogqirha wakho okanye ugqirha wezonyango ukufumana ibhalansi emzimbeni wakho.