Ingqondo yeyona nto iphambili kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo, ekubeni "yikhompyuter" elawula kwaye ilawula yonke imisebenzi yethu yeemvakalelo kunye neemoto, ikwanoxanduva lokucinga, inkumbulo kunye nobukrelekrele; yenziwa sisakhiwo esintsonkothileyo, yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini, ekunene nasekhohlo, kwahlulwe ngokuqhekeka, okwaziwa ngokuba kukuqhekeka kwemidibaniso enqamlezayo okanye phakathi; Lo mmandla wobuchopho wenziwe ngamathishu e-neuronal, kwaye ukwaziwa ngokuba yi-neocortex okanye i-cortex kwaye ikulo apho kuhlala khona ukucinga. Kwi-hemisphere nganye, kukho imimandla emine elawula imisebenzi ethile emzimbeni wethu.
Ngoku, nje ukuba la manqaku asisiseko acacisiwe, singachaza sithetha ukuthini xa sithetha nge-lobe yangaphambili, Ngendlela elula ethe ngqo, singatsho ukuba yenye yeendawo ezine ezahlulwe yicortex, ijongene nokulawula imisebenzi yokuphumeza, eyaqala kulwimi, ucwangciso kunye neenkqubo zokuqwalaselwa. Indawo engaphambili inxulunyaniswe nezinto ezikhuthazayo kunye nokuziphatha ezichonga ubuntu bomntu, zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhula kwezentlalo kunye nokuziphatha komntu.
Iimpawu zelobes zangaphambili
I-cerebral cortex ine-4 mm ubukhulu kwaye yenziwe ziindidi ezintlanu zee-neurons ezenza izaleko ezintandathu, ezibalwa ukusuka ngaphezulu ukuya ngaphakathi okanye nzulu. I-lobe yangaphambili igubungela isinye kwisithathu se-cerebral hemispheres (yeyona ndawo yolwandiso olukhulu), kuba zisuka kwipali engaphambili ziye embindini okanye eRolando sulcus. Isiseko se-lobes yangaphambili senza into ebizwa ngokuba yi-orbito-frontal cortex. Ukuphuhliswa okuhle kweeseli, i-IV, IV kunye no-V kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwinqanaba leemoto, kubonisa ubume obudibeneyo bokudibanisa i-lobes yangaphambili.
Ngokobume, sinokuthi yahlulwe ziindawo ezimbini zokuqhekeka, ezikaRolando kunye nezikaSilvio, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho izihlanganiso ezi-4:
- I-gyrus ephezulu yangaphambili.
- Igyrus engaphambili engaphakathi.
- I-gyrus engaphantsi engaphantsi.
- Ukunyuka okanye ngaphambi komhlaba komhlaba.
Ezi ngqungquthela zichonga iindawo apho lobe yangaphambili yahlulwe.
Iindawo zangaphambili ze-lobe
Imoto ephambili
iyahambelana nenxalenye ye I-gyrus ephezulu yangaphambili, Lo mmandla uneempawu eziphambili kubukho beeseli ezinkulu zepiramidi (ezivela eBetz). Ukuvuselelwa kombane kwale ndawo kungqinelana nentshukumo yamaqela emisipha kwelinye icala lomzimba ekuphenduleni. Kule ndawo, umthamo weemisipha awulingani nolwandiso lwendawo, kodwa ngokubaluleka komsebenzi onawo. Kule ndawo, izakhono zemoto ezimisela ukubonakala kobuso kunye nokuhamba kwezandla kumiselwe.
Ingqungquthela
Lo ngummandla we Ukunyuka kwegyrus yangaphambili Ukunqongophala kweeseli ze-Betz, amandla ombane kule ndawo avelisa iintshukumo ezincinci kunezo ziveliswa kukukhuthaza indawo ephambili yeemoto. Ukuba indawo encinci ikhutshiwe kule ndawo, ulungelelwaniso lweentshukumo luyatshintshwa, lubonisa indima yalo kwinkqubo yentshukumo, apho ifumana khona igama layo langaphambili. Idibanisa unxibelelwano lwe-thalamus, cerebellum, kunye ne-basal ganglia, evumela ukuba ilungelelanise iintshukumo ezintsonkothileyo, ngakumbi izihlunu ze-axial kunye ne-proximal. Kule ndawo kukho amaziko angenelela kulungiso lweentshukumo zamehlo, iintshukumo ze-pharyngeal kunye nokuthetha kolwimi, ukujikeleza komboko kunye nentloko.
Imoto eyongezelelweyo
Umsebenzi weseli kule ndawo uyasebenza, kungekuphela xa ulungelelwaniso lwe-bimanual luyimfuneko kwimisebenzi, kodwa nakuzo zonke iintshukumo apho kungenelela khona ukucinga. Cwangcisa iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo ezijolise kwindawo engundoqo yeemoto. Isenzo salo mmandla ekunyakazeni sisebenza ngokudibeneyo, ngakumbi kwimisebenzi yesandla kunakwisihlunu sokuma. URolando (1980) ubonise ukuthatha inxaxheba kwale ndawo ekuboneni indawo engaphandle, kunye nokunxibelelana nendawo ebuthathaka.
Ulungelelwaniso lwamehlo
Lo mmandla uhambelana nomtya omileyo ophakathi kulo mmandla wengqondo. Ingenelela ekuqhelisweni kwamehlo, ngokusekwe kwigalelo eliyifumanayo kwi-temporal (yokuva), i-occipital (ebonakalayo) kunye ne-somatic-kinesthetic cortex.
Ukuqwalaselwa kunye nokugxila
Bahlala kwindawo yangaphakathi, befumana igalelo kwi-thalamus (median dorsum nucleus) kunye nenkqubo ye-limbic. Izilonda kwezi ndawo zibonakaliswa kukutshintsha kobushushu okanye imo, ukuxabisa imeko yokungakhathali, ukuphulukana nomdla kwizenzo ezilula njengokuhlamba, ukuphakama okanye ukutya, intsilelo yokucinga, ukulahleka kwengqwalaselo kunye nenkumbulo. Indawo ebekwe kwinxalenye esezantsi yokunyuka kwe-gyrus yangaphambili kunye ne-gyrus engaphantsi engaphantsi (i-angular kunye ne-opercular gyrus) yokulawula izihlunu ezinxulumene nolwimi njengobuso, ulwimi, inkalakahla kunye neentambo zezwi. Isilonda kule ndawo sivelisa i-aphasia ecacileyo, oko kukuthi, ukusilela kulwakhiwo lolwimi ngobunzima bokukhutshwa kunye nokucaciswa kolwimi.
Imisebenzi yokuqonda enxulumene nelobe yangaphambili
Ulwimi
Iingxaki zokuvula kulwimi zinxulunyaniswa nomonakalo kumbindi we-lobular. Imoto yeTranscortical aphasia enesiphene esibonakalayo kulwimi oluzenzekelayo lunokwenzeka emva komonakalo kwi-cortex ephezulu nangasekhohlo yangaphambili. Ukusilela kokusebenza kunokuvavanywa ngemisebenzi yokuthetha ngokucacileyo, oko kukuthi, ukucela umntu ukuba avelise elona nani likhulu lamagama aqala ngonobumba othile. Ukusilela kolwakhiwo, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwintetho, zizala kwaye zibalisa ngokwendalo. Zibonisa iingxaki zokulungiselela nokucwangcisa. Ukulimala ngasekhohlo kuvelisa izinto ezilula, ukuphindaphinda (ukunyamezela) kunye nokushiya. Ukulimala ekunene kunokuvelisa ukukhula kweenkcukacha, ukungena kwezinto ezingabalulekanga, idysprosodia, zonke zikhokelela kukungabikho komanyano kwingxelo.
Ulawulo lweMemori
Ukujonga indima ye-lobe yangaphambili kwimemori, kuluncedo ukwahlula phakathi kweenkqubo ezisisiseko zokudibanisa imemori kunye neenkqubo zesicwangciso ezichaphazelekayo kulungelelwaniso, ukucacisa, kunye nokutolika le mibutho. Indima ye-lobe yangaphambili kwimemori yolawulo kunye nolwalathiso. Ukulimala kwe-lobes yangaphambili akusoloko kubangela ukuba i-amnesia ifumaneke eklinikhi. Izifundo zokwenzakala zibonise ukubaluleka kwe-lobes yangaphambili kwimisebenzi yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo apho ukubekwa kweliso, ukuqinisekiswa kunye nokubekwa kwezinto kwimeko yexeshana neyendawo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuphindaphinda, ukudibanisa, kunye nokugxila ekubuyiseleni i-amnesia, zonke iingxaki zokubuyiswa kwamanga, zidibene nokulimala kwangaphambili kwe-lobe. Inkumbulo yokuSebenza: Eyona ndima iphambili ye-lobes yangaphambili kwimemori yokusebenza kukulawula ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokuphathwa kolwazi. Ngelixa ii-lobes zangaphambili zibandakanyeka ekugcineni nasekugcinweni kolwazi, le misebenzi ixhomekeke ikakhulu kwimimandla. njenge-lobe esezantsi yeparietali. Indima ye-lobes yangaphambili inkulu njengoko ulwazi olufunyenweyo lubonisa ukuphazamiseka okukhulu okanye ukugqitha amandla ememori yokusebenza. I-dorsolateral cortex iyabandakanyeka ekubekweni esweni nasekusebenziseni ulwazi. Indima yecortex ye-orbitofrontal icacile, abanye bayinxibelelanisa nolondolozo, ulawulo lokuphazamiseka kunye nokuthintela.
Atención
I-lobes yangaphambili inoxanduva lokulawula ingqalelo. Uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lokusilela kwengqwalaselo lufuna umahluko phakathi kweenkqubo zokuqwalaselwa ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi ngokungakhethiyo zingasebenzi. Uvavanyo lwendabuko luquka amanyathelo okuqwalaselwa kokuguquguquka, ukukhetha kunye nokugcina uzinzo, ngelixa kuvavanyo lwangoku lusahlula iinkqubo zokuqwalaselwa zangaphambili.
Ukwenza izigqibo
Kutshanje, ngokwezifundo ezenziweyo, ukubaluleka kwe-lobes yangaphambili kwimisebenzi yokwenza izigqibo ebandakanya iinkqubo zomvuzo kwiimeko ezingacwangciswanga kubonisiwe. Izifundo zeprofayili yokuqonda, kubandakanya neemvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokwenza izigqibo, zenziwa kwizigulana ezinezilonda ezingahlanganiyo (zilinganiselwe kwimimandla ye-orbitofrontal, dorsolateral kunye ne-dorsomedial), kwizigulana ezinezilonda ezibanzi (ezibandakanya ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ndawo zimbini) kunye nolawulo oluqhelekileyo. Ababhali bafumanise ukuba abaguli abanezilonda ezingahlanganiyo kwi-orbitofrontal cortex elungileyo banesiphene kwiimvavanyo zokwenza izigqibo, kodwa izilonda zasekhohlo azizange. Olu phononongo lwenze ukuba kube nakho ukuseka ubukho bokunxibelelana phakathi kwecortex yangaphambili kunye ne-orbitofrontal cortex yenkqubo yokwenza izigqibo kunye neenkqubo ezininzi zokuqonda (ngakumbi inkumbulo yokusebenza) zibalulekile ekukhetheni ngokuchanekileyo kwezinye iindlela ezinokubakho.
Ukuzilawula
Indima yecortex ye-ventromedial cortex kwiinkqubo zokuthintela, imvakalelo kunye nemivuzo, iphakamisa ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokukuko kwiinkqubo zokuzibamba. Izigulana ezinomonakalo kwi-ventromedial cortex zinokubonisa ubunzima kulawulo lokuziphatha ngokungqinelana neenjongo zazo zangaphakathi. Oku kusilela kubonakala kukungakwazi ukugcina ukubonakaliswa kwengqondo ngokwakho kunye nokusebenzisa olo lwazi luzimeleyo ukuthintela iimpendulo ezingafanelekanga.
uburharha
Ukuhlekisa sisakhono esidinga ukudityaniswa kokuqonda kunye neemvakalelo. Izigulana ezinezilonda kwicala elingasekunene le-lobe, ngakumbi kwindawo ye-polar medial, zinobunzima obukhulu ekuxabiseni iziqhulo neekomiki.
I-lobe yangaphambili kuphuhliso lwemisebenzi yolawulo
Esi sisiseko se-neuroanatomical substrate esintsonkothileyo, kwaye oku kuyabonakala xa kuvavanywa iseti yokunxibelelana kwakhona kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezinje imilenze, emisela ukukhula kwenkuthazo komntu; Unxibelelwano nenkqubo lukwangqinekile I-activator esebenzayo, elawula imisebenzi yoqwalaselo oluzinzileyo kunye nemimandla ye ubudlelwane kamva, ezibandakanya inkqubo yolawulo yolwamkelo. Ngokusekwe koku, kunokusekwa ukuba umphambili ongaphambili sisakhiwo esilawula iimpendulo zokuziphatha (Imisebenzi yesigqeba).
Imisebenzi yesigqeba iyaziwa njengoluhlu lwezakhono zokuqonda ezinxulumene nokulindela nokubeka iinjongo, ukudala izicwangciso kunye neenkqubo, ukuqalisa imisebenzi kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo. Ukwahlula phakathi kweli kota zizenzo zokuzilawula kunye nokubeka esweni imisebenzi, ukhetho oluchanekileyo lokuziphatha kunye nokuqhuba, kunye nombutho wabo ngexesha nendawo.
Ukuphuhliswa komsebenzi olawulayo kwenzeka kwisithuba seminyaka emithandathu ukuya kwesibhozo, ixesha apho abantwana bafumana khona amandla okuzilawula ngokuziphatha kwabo, ngokumisela iinjongo kunye nokulindela imicimbi, engaxhomekekanga kwimiyalelo yangaphandle. Esi sakhono sokuqonda sinxulunyaniswe ngokucacileyo kuphuhliso lomsebenzi wolwimi (ulwimi lwangaphakathi) kunye nokubonakala kwenqanaba lokusebenza ngokusesikweni kunye nokuvuthwa kweendawo eziphambili zengqondo, ezenzeka mva kwinkqubo yokukhula komntwana. Xa kukho isilonda kwindawo engaphambili yengqondo, uninzi lweempawu ngokubanzi lunokujongwa.
Ukuphazamiseka okunxulumene noko
- Ukusilela kwengqwalaselo kuchazwa njenge Ingxaki yophuhliso ye-neurological kunye ne-psychic, efunyaniswe ifunyanwa ebuntwaneni, nangona kwiimeko ezininzi iyaqhubeka nokuba mdala. Ibonakaliswa kukungakwazi ukulungisa ingqwalaselo okanye ukuphazamiseka okususela kwimodareyitha ukuya kubunzima. Umntu uyakwazi ukuhlawula ixesha elifutshane. Ngamanye amaxesha, le meko yelobe yangaphambili inxulunyaniswa nokungasebenzi kakuhle (ukungazinzi kweemoto) kunye nokuziphatha okungxamisekileyo, kuvelisa iingxaki kwiindawo ezininzi zokusebenza, kuthintela intlalo, iimvakalelo kunye nokukhula kwengqondo komntu ophethwe yiyo.
- Isifo i-Asperger's syndrome sisifo esibi esichaphazela imisebenzi ye-neuro-biological, ebangela ukuphambuka okanye ukungaqheleki kwezi zinto zilandelayo: unxibelelwano kunye nezakhono zentlalo, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi ngeenjongo zonxibelelwano, kunye neempawu zokuziphatha ezinxulumene nokuphindaphinda okanye ukunyamezela.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kubangela utshintsho kuphuhliso lwentlalo, kuba ibonakaliswa ngenxa yokuba umntu egxile kwilizwe lakhe langaphakathi.
- Ubume obungalunganga obuphambanisayo Imeko yokuxhalaba eyenza iingcinga eziphazamisayo neziphindaphindayo, zivelise ukungazinzi, uloyiko, uloyiko okanye ixhala, kunye nokuziphatha okuphindaphindayo, okubizwa ngokuba kukunyanzelwa okujolise ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo olunxulumene noko.