Ngeli xesha lexesha, umntu unamava otshintsho olukhulu kwinqanaba lenkcubeko kunye nenkolo elibeka imeko yabo yokuziphatha. Kwakukho notshintsho olukhulu olwagqiba ikamva leengingqi ezahlukeneyo.
Namhlanje, besifuna ukukuzisa ulwazi oluphakathi ukuba uyazi, ukuze ukwazi ukubona ukuba zeziphi izithethe esizamkelayo njengoluntu kwaye sihlale namhlanje, zeziphi iinkolelo esizigcinayo kweli xesha kwaye kubaluleke kangakanani kwisiphelo sobuntu.
Athini amaXesha Aphakathi?
Lixesha lexesha elibandakanya iminyaka yokugqibela yokuqhekeka koBukhosi baseNtshona baseRoma, kude kube lixesha langoku, elaqala emva kokuba uChristopher Columbus efumanise iMelika.
Inqanaba lokufiphala okanye ubudala obumnyama, lwalucinezela kakhulu umntu. Amaxesha amade obundlobongela abuchaphazele ngokuthe ngqo ubomi bomntu ngamnye enkosi ngokusisigxina kwecawe kumagunya ezentlalo, nakwimfuno yoku yokunyanzelisa umyalelo omnye.
Kwelinye icala, yayineempembelelo kwimbali yobugcisa ngenxa yolwakhiwo lwezakhiwo ezineeodolo ezahlukeneyo zokwakha.
Ngeli xesha iintshukumo zobugcisa ziyachuma ziyabulela kwiimfuno zonxibelelwano ezifunyanwa ngumntu, kwanobukho bukaThixo njengeyona nto iphambili yokoyika ngunobangela wobugcisa obukhulu bamaXesha Aphakathi.
Ubugcisa obahlukeneyo obufana noncwadi, ukupeyinta, uyilo kunye nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo, ngabo baphambili becala elinobundlobongela ngeli xesha.
Amanqanaba amaXesha eliPhakathi
Masiqale ngokwahlulahlula i-avareji yobudala ngokwamanqanaba, kuwo onke la maxesha exesha kuye kwakho utshintsho lwenkcubeko kunye nolwazelelo.
Amaqondo aphezulu aphakathi
AmaXesha Aphakathi aphezulu aquka inkulungwane yesi-XNUMX ukuya kwele-XNUMX, ngethuba apho imodeli yolawulo lobukhosi yayixhaphakile, eyayiquka ukuphathwa kwabantu ngokwezigaba zentlalo ezazisingela phantsi abo babengenalungelo.
Amanani afana nokumkani, amanene kunye nabefundisi, amisela ikamva labahlali kunye nabalimi. Abokuqala babenamandla okuthatha isigqibo ngekamva labo bangaphambili ababejongelwa phantsi kwaye behlaziswa "yimeko yentlalo nezoqoqosho."
Kwiminyaka ephakathi
Ibandakanya ishumi elinambini ukuya kwishumi elinesihlanu leminyaka, ubuKrestu buye babulela ngakumbi kwiimfazwe zomnqamlezo. Uqoqosho lwamazwe akufuphi luyakhula, apho inkulungwane yeshumi elinesibini neyeshumi elinesithathu zizinto zokubhiyozela kunye nokuchuma; kodwa kwiinkulungwane ezizayo ubukho bezitshabalalisi kunye nezifo zathwaxa abantu bamaxesha aphakathi.
Zithini iimpawu zamaXesha Aphakathi?
Okulandelayo, siya kukunika kwimigca ngokubanzi iifayile ze Iimpawu ezichaza ubudala obuphakathi:
Icawa
Wayenolawulo olupheleleyo loluntu luphela, ukoyika uThixo nokuba ngaboni zizinto ezazibabeka kwimeko kwaye baboyise abantu abaphakathi.
Ubomi benkcubeko kunye nokuvela kobugcisa
Ubugcisa buba sisiseko njengekuphela kwendlela yokubonisa yeenkcubeko ezijongelwe phantsi, yiyo loo nto amaxesha obugcisa ahlukeneyo aquka amaXesha Aphakathi anokufunyanwa, apho inkolo ixhaphakileyo njenge-portrait motif:
- Ubugcisa bobuKrestu bokuqala: Ubugcisa bezenkolo obubonisa ubomi bukaYesu, baphuhliswa ngendlela efihlakeleyo ukuze abalandeli bonyana kaThixo bangabulawa. Kobu bugcisa, uluhlu lwamanani lubalasele, ubukho bukaThixo babonakaliswa ngendlela yomntu, izinto zomsebenzi zibekwe ngokomthetho wobuso obusetyenziswa kangangeminyaka kubugcisa base-Egypt.
- Ubugcisa baseByzantine: kugcina umthetho wobume bangaphambili bobuKrestu bokuqala, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo, ubugcisa bokupeyinta buye babonakala kweli xesha. Ukusetyenziswa kwemibala ethandekayo kukho ukupeyinta, iifresco eziphakamileyo ze-basilicas, kwaye inkcubeko ineempembelelo ezomeleleyo zaseMpuma.
- Ubugcisa bamaSilamsi: ijiyometri yamanani ibalasele kuzo zonke iinkalo, kugxininiswa kubugcisa nakwimizobo. I-iconoclastic kwaye isebenzisa izixhobo ezingalunganga kulwakhiwo lwayo, inesimo esisebenzayo nesokuhombisa esifuna ukukholisa oothixo abohlukeneyo bamaSilamsi.
- Ubugcisa bangaphambi kobaseRoma: Ithozame kakhulu kuneminye imisinga, inamaKristu, amaCelt kunye namaJamani.
- Ubugcisa beGothic: izakhiwo ezinkulu ubukhulu becala ezicaweni kunye basilicas. Eyona njongo iphambili ye-Gothic yayikukubeka uloyiko ebantwini, yiyo loo nto i-gargoyles inokubonwa ekungeneni kweecawa njengophawu lobubi, ke abantu babenemikhwa yonqulo rhoqo.
- Ubugcisa bobuNkcubeko ukuzalwa ngokutsha kukukhanya okunike indlela yokukhulelwa kwemisinga emitsha, kweli xesha lethutyana, ukoyika uThixo kuphantse kwaphela kwaye umntu uqala ukuba ngumphambili, owaziyo kunye nofundwayo. Ifilosofi kunye nesayensi ezazishiyeke bucala kwinkcubeko yamaGrike ziyabuya.
Imirhumo yengqondo
Onke amaxesha enkcubeko afakiwe kumaXesha Aphakathi abalulekile, nangona kunjalo, i-Renaissance yayilelona nqanaba libalaseleyo lobuntu, apho umntu anokuba sisithandi sobulumko, uyilo, ugqirha, isayikholojisti, umzobi, umkroli, umbhali, utitshala, isazinzulu kwaye uyakwazi ukujongana inani elingenasiphelo lezorhwebo kunye nezenzululwazi. Ngokusisiseko imigaqo yonyango yaphuhliswa ngaphakathi kweli xesha lembali, apho iinkqubo zemithambo-luvo, ukujikeleza kwegazi, amathambo kunye nezihlunu zomzimba ziveliswa ukuqonda okungcono, ikakhulu kwizifo ezazithwaxa abantu.
ZoLimo
Phakathi kweempawu zamaXesha Aphakathi, sifumanisa ukukhula kwezolimo njengowona msebenzi uphambili wezoqoqosho, kuba utyalo-mali lwalwahluke kakhulu kwimfuno yokutya okuvunwa.
Ubukhosi
Kwakuhlala phantse kulo lonke ixesha lamaxesha aphakathi, ubukhosi babusenziwa kukumkani enika umhlaba izidwangube namagorha ukuze abagxothiweyo eluntwini ababephantsi kobukhoboka bakhe babasebenzele. Inzuzo yayiyeye-feudal enika ukhuseleko kunye nokusabela kwabahlali.
Kwezopolitiko
Icawe yayingumthetho omkhulu, inika igama lokugqibela kwizigqibo abantu abafuna ukuzenza kwintlalontle. Isicwangciso sakhe yayikukunyanzela abantu ukuba boyike uThixo, abavimbe ilungelo lokufunda nokubhala ukuze babe nokulawula ubomi babo. Babengamaxesha amnyama kakhulu kwabo bafuna ukufikelela kulwazi lwezenkolo, kuphela ngamadoda azizityebi kakhulu kwaye ahloniphekileyo awayeyinxalenye yoluntu oluphakamileyo lwenkolo, ayenokufikelela kulwazi.
Ukungalingani kwezentlalo
Uluntu lwahlulwa ngokodidi lwentlalo, ngokwendlela eyakhiwe yipiramidi emisela ulungelelwaniso lobuninzi bokuyibhala ngenxa yamaziko ezoqoqosho nezentlalo ezazinazo iindawo zoluntu.
Ukuqhekeka kwamandla
Bobabini abefundisi kunye nobukumkani babenamandla alinganayo, nangona babenezabelo ezahlukileyo ebukumkanini, bobabini banokufikelela kwizibonelelo ezifanayo.
Siyathemba ukuba le posi malunga neempawu zamaXesha Aphakathi ibikukuthanda kwakho, kuba siyilungiselele ngokuqokelela ulwazi kwaye sikunika yona ngendlela elula.