Izicatshulwa zinokuchazwa njenge iseti yeengxelo ezenza uxwebhu olubhaliweyo, nokuba kusesandleni okanye ngokwamanani. Kananjalo, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeetekisi, Esiza kuthetha ngayo kuyo yonke le post kunye neminye imizekelo yokuququzelela ukuqonda.
Fumana iindidi ezili-16 zeetekisi ezikhoyo
Iitekisi zinokwahlulwa ngeendlela ezintathu. Eyokuqala ibhekisa kwinjongo okanye injongo ebhalelwe yona, umzekelo, ulwazi, isikhokelo okanye isicatshulwa esicacisayo; Ngelixa eyesibini inento yokwenza nokuziphikisa, oko kukuthi, ngokomxholo wesicatshulwa uqobo. Kwelinye icala, owesithathu ubhekisa kubume behlabathi (inkcazo, inkcazo, impikiswano kunye nokubaliswa).
Iindidi ngokomsebenzi wazo
- Iyafundisa: Zezona zixhaphake kakhulu apho ezona njongo ziphambili kukuhambisa, ukunxibelelana kunye nokuchaza ulwazi ukuze uqonde umfundi. Zizo ziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiimagazini, iindaba okanye izibhengezo, amaphephandaba, phakathi kwabanye.
- Abalawuli: babhekisa kwizicatshulwa apho injongo yabo ikukukhuthaza umfundi ukuba athathe inyathelo elithile.
- Ingcaciso: ezi ngokwenxalenye yazo zezo zibhaliweyo ukuvakalisa uluvo okanye uluvo lombhali.
Iindidi ngokwendlela yokuziphatha engathandekiyo
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zesicatshulwa zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni, njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili. Phakathi kwezi sinokufumana ifayile ye- inzululwazi, ezomthetho, ezolwazi, ezolawulo, ezentengiso, ezedijithali, ezoncwadi, ubuntatheli kunye nobuntu; Ezineempawu zazo esiza kuzichaza ngezantsi.
Imibhalo yezenzululwazi
Ngabo umsebenzi wabo ukubonisa inkqubela phambili kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngophando okanye izifundo, ezisebenza njengesalathiso. Ihlala isetyenziswa luluntu lwenzululwazi, yile isebenzisa i ukubhala ngokusesikweni kwaye ukongeza, ihlala isebenzisa ulwimi lobugcisa.
Isicatshulwa solawulo
Izicatshulwa zolawulo zihlala zisetyenziswa kunxibelelwano olugcinwa liziko kunye nomntu. Babonakaliswa ngokuba nezakhiwo eziqinileyo, ukongeza ekubeni sesikweni ngokugqithileyo.
Iitekisi zoncwadi
Isicatshulwa soncwadi sesinye apho sinokufumana khona ukubonakaliswa koncwadi okanye isihobe. Ezi ziicatshulwa ezibalisayo, ezinomdlalo weqonga kunye nengoma; zikwayilezo zihlala zifumaneka kwizincoko zoncwadi, kwiintsomi, kwiinoveli, kwimibongo, kumabali, phakathi kwezinye.
Umbhalo wobuntatheli
Eyona nto iphambili kule uhlobo lwesicatshulwa Luluvo kunye nolwazi, oluqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukwazisa okanye ukuphawula ngezihloko ezifanelekileyo, umdla okanye ukuthandwa. Kwelinye icala, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane ukugxekwa okanye ukuvavanywa kuzo.
Aba bantu banobhetyebhetye, njengoko benokuthetha ngezihloko ezininzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo; Kungenxa yoko le nto umshicileli (obhaliweyo nowomlomo kunye ne-intanethi) ukhetha ukwahlula ngokwamacandelo ahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, zibhaliwe ngenjongo yokuba lowo ufumana ulwazi anganiki mpendulo, kodwa unokwaziswa okanye ukonwabisa kuphela.
Imibhalo yobuntu
Zizonke ezo zibhekisa kwizihloko kwizifundo zesayensi yoluntu, ezinje ngezobugcisa, ifilosofi, isosiology okanye isayikholoji. Ayizizo izicatshulwa ezisesikweni, kodwa kunoko yimbono ebonelelwa ngumbhali wesicatshulwa.
Umbhalo wentengiso
Ibhekisa kwizicatshulwa ezikwimo yentengiso, oko kukuthi, ijolise ekunikezeleni kwaye qinisekisa umfundi ukuba unaso isidingo ukwanelisa okanye, ngamanye amagama, umbhali uzama ukwenza ukuba umfundi atye. Iimpawu zayo eziphambili kukusetyenziswa kwemidlalo yamagama kunye nesiqubulo.
Itekisi yomthetho
Babhekisa kwiindidi zezicatshulwa ezinje ngemithetho okanye izivakalisi, ezenziwa liziko lezomthetho (ngenxa yesi sizathu ke ezo zolawulo zikwabizwa ngokuba "yimibhalo yolawulo olusemthethweni"). Iimpawu zilulwimi olusesikweni, ukusetyenziswa kwamagama amadala kunye nezobugcisa, phakathi kwabanye. Imixholo ibhaliwe icinga ukuba ayinakutolikwa ngokungachanekanga.
Imibhalo yedijithali
Ibhekisa kwezona mibhalo zangoku, oko kukuthi, ezo zifikile ngenxa yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji. Phakathi kwabo singadibanisa inani elikhulu lemizekelo, enjengezo zisetyenziswe kumaphepha ewebhu, izingxoxo zonxibelelwano ezikhawulezileyo, phakathi kwabanye.
Uninzi lweetekisi ezichazwe apha ngasentla zinokufumaneka kwifomathi yedijithali. Umahluko phakathi kwabo kunye netekisi yedijithali kukuba le yokugqibela ayinazalathiso apho ulwazi lunokuqinisekiswa khona.
Iindidi ngokungqinelana nolwakhiwo lwehlabathi
Olu lwakhiwo lubonakalisiwe kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumanise okwahlukileyo kwisicatshulwa esinye; oku kuba iifomathi zayo zivulekile. Sinokufumana phakathi kwabo oku kulandelayo:
Isicatshulwa esichazayo
El Injongo ye izicatshulwa ezichazayo kukwenza inkcazo (kufanelekile ukungafuneki kwakhona) kwento ethile kunye nenkululeko epheleleyo. Eyona nto iphambili kuyo kukuba ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwiimpawu zayo nayiphi na into echaziweyo. Yahlulwe yaziindidi ezimbini, ezobuchwephesha (ukuchaza ngokusekwe kwidatha) kunye noncwadi (apho umbhali echaza ngokwembono yakhe).
Izicatshulwa zembali
Isicatshulwa sembali sifuna ukwazisa umfundi ngendlela eneenkcukacha malunga nembali okanye inyani, enika ulwazi malunga nexesha elidlulileyo. Kunokuthiwa yindibaniselwano yeetekisi ebalisayo nengcaciso, kuba iziganeko zibaliswa ngokweenkcukacha ukuze umamkeli wolwazi akwazi ukucinga imeko.
Isicatshulwa esibalisayo
Ibhekisele kwi izicatshulwa apho iimeko zinxulumene khona, ithathela ingqalelo imiba enje ngabalinganiswa kunye nomda wexesha. Banomjikelo omnye, kuba bonke banesiqalo, ibali kunye nesiphelo. Yonke into inokuba yinyani okanye yintsomi. Imizekelo ngamabali, iziganeko, iinyani, amabali kunye neentsomi.
Imibhalo echazayo
Ukuchazwa akukho nto ngaphandle kwezo tekisi zinikezelwe ekuchazeni nje into ethile, kodwa zinganiki izimvo okanye ziphikise izimvo zombhali. Endaweni yoko, zizicatshulwa eziqhelekileyo esinokuzifumana kwiincwadi zokufunda, ezinjengezo zifundwa kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo.
Sinokusebenzisa njengomzekelo imisebenzi ebhaliweyo eqhelekileyo yesikolo, ekufuneka inentshayelelo, uphuhliso kunye nesiphelo.
Isicatshulwa esiphikisanayo
Okokugqibela, uhlobo lwesicatshulwa esiphikisanayo lolusetyenziselwa ukucenga umamkeli wolwazi kwaye ngaloo ndlela batshintshe indawo abakuyo (nokuba bayayichasa okanye bayayithanda). Ukwenza oku, uqala ngokuchaza ukuba kutheni kubalulekile kwaye emva koko anike iingxoxo zakhe, ezixhaswa zizalathiso ezivumela ukubonisa ubunyani bazo (okanye ukukhangela nendlela yokwenza, nokuba kuyaxoka).
Zizo ezo ntlobo zetekisi esele ikho ngokokuhlelwa okukhoyo kathathu. Ndiyathemba ukuba ulwazi lucacile, luneenkcukacha kwaye luluncedo, ubuncinci ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho. Yabelana ngengeniso ukuba ufuna ukwabelana ngolwazi olu kunye nabahlobo bakho.