Imibongo ye-Surrealist yile yexesha kwavela intshukumo yokuqhutywa kwemi sebenzi, eyavela eFrance ngenxa yobuDada kunye nembongi uAndré Breton.
Igama elithi "surrealism" laqanjwa kuqala nguGuillaume Apollinarie ngo-1917, ethi ngokweFrentshi, i-etymology imele "ngaphezulu okanye ngaphezulu kwenyani"; Oko kuthetha ukuba yinto egqitha kwinyani, enjengomzobo apho umntu eboniswa kuphela esebenzisa iziqhamo. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo ophambili wokungena yimibongo yokuziqhelanisa, ke siya kuthi sikhankanye kuphela ezinye zeempawu zawo ezimelekileyo ngaphambi kokuqhubeka noluhlu lwazo.
Kwintsimi yoncwadi, le ntshukumo (njengoninzi) yathathelwa ingqalelo njengotshintsho utshintshe indlela yokusebenzisa ulwimi kunye neendlela zokubonelela ngokwenza imisebenzi ezazingekho kumaxesha amandulo. Zonke iintlobo zoncwadi (isihobe, izincoko, iithiyetha, phakathi kwabanye) baxhamle ngokwenene.
- Ababhali be-surrealism banikezela ngemitha, ukuba banike iRussia ivesi.
- Izihloko ezingakumbi zabantu zagutyungelwa, kokubini ngokwengqondo nangokwasentlalweni.
- Ulwimi lutshintshile nenyani yokuba ababhali babenakho ukusebenzisa izichazimagama ezitsha kwizihloko ezitsha ekumele kujongwane nazo; ngelixa i-rhetoric yayincediswa ngeendlela zokubonisa.
Uluhlu lweemibongo ze-surrealist
Ngexesha elibandakanya ukuqala kwenkulungwane yama-1920, malunga nonyaka we-XNUMX, inani elikhulu le- iimbongi ze-surrealism ngemisebenzi engakholelekiyo. Ekuqaleni sifumana uAndré Breton (umanduleli wale nguqu), kodwa ngenxa yesi sizathu asinakuyeka ukukhankanya ezinye izinto eziphumayo zentshukumo enjalo UPaul Éluard, uBenjamin Péret, uFederico García Lorca, uLouis Aragon, uOctavio Paz, uGuillaume Apollinaire, uPhilippe Soupault, uAntonin Artaud, uOlivero Girondo noAlejandra Pizarnik; Apho siza kukhupha khona eminye yemisebenzi yakhe ebalaseleyo.
"Isibuko somzuzwana" - Paul Eluard
Gxotha usuku
bonisa imifanekiso yamadoda ekhutshiwe kwimbonakalo,
ithatha kude nabantu ithuba lokuphazamiseka,
Kunzima njengelitye,
ilitye elingenakubumba,
ilitye lokuhamba nokubona,
kwaye inokukhanya okufana nazo zonke izixhobo
kwaye zonke iimaski zikhohlisiwe.
Yintoni esele ithathiwe sisandla
ulungiselela ukuthatha imilo yesandla,
obekuqondwa akusekho,
intaka ididekile nomoya.
izulu nenyaniso yalo,
umntu ngobunyani bakhe.
"Allo" - UBenjamin Péret
Inqwelomoya yam isemlilweni, inqaba yam izele yiRhin iwayini
I-ghetto yam yeenyibiba ezimnyama indlebe yam yekristale
Iliwa lam liqengqeleka phantsi iliwa lokutyumza abalindi belizwe
Inkumba yam evuthelayo umoya wam
intaka yam yeparadesi yenze iinwele zam ezimnyama amagwebu
ingcwaba lam eliqhekekileyo imvula yam yeenkumbi ezibomvu
Isiqithi sam esibhabhayo sisiqhamo sam somdiliya
Ukungqubana kwemoto yam ephambeneyo nelumkileyo ibhedi yam yasendle
i-eardrum pistil yam eqikelelwe elisweni lam
ibhalbhu yam ye-tulip kwingqondo
Ibhadi lam liphulukene nomdlalo bhanyabhanya kwii-boulevards
Ibhasikithi yam yelanga iziqhamo zam ze-volcano
ichibi lam elifihliweyo apho abaprofeti abaphazamisayo barhaxwa khona
Umkhukula wam wecassis ibhabhathane lam elingaphezulu
Ingxangxasi yam eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengamaza angasemva azala intwasahlobo
ivolovolo yam yekorale enomlomo wakhe unditsala njengomlomo wequla elijikeleza
efriziwe njengesipili ocinga ngaso ukubhabha kweengcungcu emehlweni akho
ndilahlekile kumama obonisa iimpahla zangaphantsi ezibonisa ukuba ndiyakuthanda
«Ndinento endiyithethayo ndiyazixelela» - UFederico García lorca
Ndimele ndithethe into endiyixelelayo
Amagama anyibilika emlonyeni wakho
Amaphiko athi ngequbuliso abambe iraki
Apho isikhalo siwela khona isandla siyakhula
Umntu ubulala igama lethu ngokwencwadi
Ngubani okhuphe amehlo alo mfanekiso?
Ngubani owabeka olu lwimi ngeenxa zonke
Ukulila?Ndinento yokuthetha ndiyazixelela
Kwaye ndidumbile ziintaka ngaphandle
Imilebe ewa njengezipili Apha
Ngaphakathi apho imigama iyadibana
Oku ngasentla okanye emazantsi iliso
Ndihlala kufutshane namNdilapha phakathi kweentlobo zenyama
Phandle kwindawo evulekileyo
Nento yokuthetha ndiyazixelela
I-Mystic Carlitos - uLouis Aragón
Ilifti ibisoloko isihla de ndiphume umphefumlo
Kwaye ileli yayihlala inyuka
Eli nenekazi alikuqondi oko kuthethwayo
Yinyani
Besele ndiphupha ndithetha naye ngothando
Oh unobhala
Iyahlekisa ngamadevu akhe kunye namashiya akhe
Yokwenziwa
Uye walila xa ndizitsala
Ayiqhelekanga kakhulu
Yintoni le ndiyibonayo?
Nkosi yam andingomfazi ulula
Ewe imbi
Ngethamsanqa thina
Sineesutikheyisi zeehagu
Engenangqondo
Ngaba
Amashumi amabini eedola
Kwaye iqulethe iwaka
Njalo inkqubo efanayo
Nokuba linganisa
Akukho ngqiqweni
Isihloko esibi
"Ukuphelisa yonke into" -Octavio Paz
Ndinike, ilangatye elingabonakaliyo, ikrele elibandayo,
ukuvutha komsindo wakho,
Ukuphelisa konke,
oh umhlaba owomileyo,
owophayo emhlabeni,
Ukuphelisa konke.Ukutsha, ukufiphala, ukutsha ngaphandle kwamalangatye,
buthuntu kwaye bunomlilo,
uthuthu nelitye eliphilileyo,
entlango engenanxweme.Ukutsha esibhakabhakeni esikhulu, ilitye leflegi kunye nelifu,
phantsi kokukhanya okungaboniyo
phakathi kwamatye angenazintsholongwane.Ukutshisa kwisizungu esisityhilayo,
umhlaba welitye elivuthayo,
yeengcambu ezinqabileyo nezomileyo.Ukuvutha, ubushushu obufihliweyo,
uthuthu olugeza,
ukutshisa okungabonakaliyo, ukutshisa
njengokuba ulwandle olungenamandla luzala amafu;
amaza afana nengqumbo kunye namagwebu enamatye.
Phakathi kwamathambo am amnandi, iyatsha;
Ukutsha ngaphakathi komoya ongenamngxunya,
i-oveni engabonakaliyo necocekileyo;
uvutha njengokuba ixesha lisitsha,
lihamba njani ixesha phakathi kokufa,
ngeenyawo zakhe nokuphefumla kwakhe;
uvutha njengobulolo obukuqwelayo,
utshise ngaphakathi kuwe, uvutha ngaphandle kwedangatye,
ukuba wedwa ngaphandle komfanekiso, ukunxanwa ngaphandle kwemilebe.
Ukuphelisa konke
oh umhlaba owomileyo,
Ukuphelisa konke.
«Plane» - Guillaume Apollinaire
Yintoni oyenzileyo, isiFrentshi, nge-Ader emoyeni?
Igama elinye lalilelakhe, ngoku akukho nto.Wawagxotha amalungu e-asceticism,
kulwimi lwesiFrentshi ngaphandle kwegama,
kwaye ke uAder uba yimbongi kwaye ubabiza ngokuba yindiza.Nina bantu baseParis, nina, Marseilles naseLyon;
Nonke imilambo yaseFrance neentaba,
Bahlali ezidolophini nani bantu basemaphandleni ...
Isixhobo sokubhabha sibizwa ngokuba yinqwelomoya.Igama elimnandi elinokuthi livume uVillon;
Iimbongi ezizayo ziya kuyibeka kwizicengcelezo zazo.Hayi, amaphiko akho, Ader, babengaziwa
xa igrama yayiza kubazi,
ukwenza igama labafundi ngaphandle kwento engena moya
apho i-hiatus enzima kunye ne-esile ehamba nayo (i-aeropl -e)
benza igama elide, njengegama lesiJamani.Ukusebeza kunye nelizwi lika-Ariel kwakufuneka
ukubiza isixhobo esisisa ezulwini.
Ukuncwina komoya, intaka esithubeni,
kwaye ligama lesiFrentshi elidlula emilonyeni yethu.Inqwelo-moya! Vumela inqwelo moya inyukele phezulu emoyeni
ukutyibilika kwiintaba, ukuwela iilwandle
kwaye ngakumbi kulahleke.Makhe alandele umsele ongunaphakade kwi-ether,
kodwa masiligcine igama elithambileyo lenqwelomoya,
ngenxa yelo gama lesidlaliso oonobumba balo abahlanu abanobuchule
babenamandla okuvula isibhakabhaka.Yintoni oyenzileyo, isiFrentshi, nge-Ader emoyeni?
Igama elinye lalilelakhe, ngoku akukho nto.
"Ngobusuku" - uPhilippe Soupault
Kumva
Emthunzini nasemoyeni
Isikhalo siyenyuka ebusuku
Andilindi mntu
Akukho mntu
Nokuba kwimemori
Ixesha lidlule kudala
Kodwa isikhalo esiqhutywa ngumoya
Kwaye tyhala uye phambili
Ivela kwindawo engaphaya
Ngaphezulu kwephupha
Andilindi mntu
Kodwa nabu ubusuku
Isithsaba somlilo
Ukusuka emehlweni abo bonke abafileyo
Cwaka
Kwaye yonke into ekufuneka inyamalale
Yonke into ilahlekile
Kuya kufuneka uyifumane kwakhona
Ngaphezulu kwephupha
Ukuya ebusuku.
«Ubusuku» - UAntonin Artaud
Iikhawuntari ze-zinc zihamba ngemijelo yamanzi amdaka,
imvula iphinde inyuke iye enyangeni;
kwifestile ifestile
utyhila umfazi oze.Kwizikhumba zamashiti adumbileyo
apho aphefumla ubusuku bonke
imbongi ivakalelwa kukuba iinwele zayo
ziyakhula zande.Ubuso obucekeceke bophahla
Cinga ngemizimba eyoluliweyo.Phakathi komhlaba kunye neepavumente
ubomi yinto encinci.Mbongi, yintoni ekukhathazayo
ayinanto yakwenza nenyanga;
imvula ipholile,
isisu silungile.Jonga iiglasi zizalise
kwiikhawuntara zomhlaba
ubomi abunanto
intloko ikude.Kwenye indawo imbongi iyacinga.
Asifuni inyanga
intloko inkulu,
umhlaba ugcwele.Kwigumbi ngalinye
liyangcangcazela ihlabathi,
ubomi buzala into
leyo inyuka iye ngasesilingini.Umgangatho wamakhadi udada emoyeni
ngeenxa zonke iiglasi;
umsi wewayini, umsi weglasi
kunye nemibhobho yangokuhlwa.Kwi-engile ye-oblique yesilingi
Onke amagumbi angcangcazelayo
Umphunga wolwandle uyanda
yamaphupha akhiwe kakubi.Ngoba nanku uBomi uyabuzwa
kunye nesisu sokucinga;
iibhotile zingqubana ngamakakayi
yendibano yomoya.ILizwi livela ephupheni
intyatyambo okanye iglasi
igcwele iimilo kunye nomsi.Iglasi kunye nesisu siyangqubana:
ubomi bucacile
ngamakakayi aqinisekisiweyo.I-areopagus yomlilo yeembongi
ihlangana ijikeleze ingqolowa eluhlaza,
isithuba esijikelezayo.Ubomi budlula kwiingcinga
Yembongi enoboya.
«Imbonakalo yeedolophu» - Olivero Girondo
Ngaba yavela phantsi komhlaba?
Ngaba ivela esibhakabhakeni?
Ndiphakathi kwengxolo
wenzakele,
wenzakele kakhulu,
nangoku,
cwaka,
uguqe ngamadolo phambi kokuhlwa,
phambi kokungenakuphepheka,
imithambo eqhotyoshelweyo
ukoyikisa,
kwi-asphalt,
ngeenwele zabo eziwileyo,
ngamehlo akhe angcwele,
konke, konke,
phantse iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, mhlophe qwa.
Babethetha ngehashe.
Ndicinga ukuba yayiyingelosi.
«Uthuthu» - Alejandra Pizarnik
Ubusuku bahlulwa ziinkwenkwezi
endijonge emangalisiwe
umoya uyakhupha intiyo
uhombise ubuso bakhe
ngomculo.Kungekudala siza kuhamba
Iphupha leArcane
ukhokho wam uncumo
umhlaba uvalelwe
kwaye kuvaliwe kodwa akukho zitshixo
Kukho unkwantyo ngaphandle kweenyembezi.Ndizakwenza ntoni ngam?
Kuba ndinetyala kuwe ngale nto ndiyiyo
Kodwa andinangomso
Ngenxa yokuba ...
Ubusuku buyasokola.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku imibongo ye-surrealist yababhali abaziwayo bentshukumo ifikile, ke siyathemba ukuba ubonwabele njengoko senzile ekubaqokeleleleni ukuze bakubonise zona. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye igalelo, khumbula ukusebenzisa ibhokisi yezimvo ingezantsi; Ngendlela efanayo esikumema ngayo ukuba wabelane ngoku kungena kwiinethiwekhi zakho, kuba unganomhlobo othanda imibongo ye-surrealist kwaye awukayazi.
Isibongo soprismism ngonaphakade naphakade. EPeru sinemibongo ye-avant-garde efana naleyo kaValllejo kunye nabantakwabo Peña Barrenechea, yintoni enye! Ulwazi lwehlabathi.
Ungathetha njani ngesihobe, ngaphandle kwamaphiko okukhanya ephaphazelayo?
... Ngaphandle komoya oluhlaza
Phefumlela ikhandlela zomphefumlo.
Imibongo, isenzo sobugorha
Ukujonga ngaphandle enzonzobileni emnyama,
Ukukhangela ukukhanya.
Nokuba uyazi
Ukufa
ngasemva.
TROVALUZ