Ixesha Ingqiqo Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi namhlanje malunga neendlela zonyango ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuphumla kwabantu. Abanye bayigqala njengefashoni, kodwa enyanisweni isekwe kulwazi lwakudala lobuBhuda. Kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kuzama ukunika inkcazo ecacileyo ngayo, kunye nazo zonke iimpawu zayo kunye neendlela zengqondo ezivele kuyo. Kwangokunjalo, sinika ulwazi olusemgangathweni ngokusebenza kwayo ebantwaneni.
Ukuchaza ukuqonda kuyinto enzima, kuba ayisiyondlela enenjongo ethile. Ukuyisebenzisa, abantu kufuneka bazi ukuba abakhangeli nto ithile; kunokuba, kumalunga nokwamkela indlela entsha "yokucinga" esekwe ekujongeni.
Abanye bayithathela ingqalelo njengomgangatho, ngelixa abanye begxile ekwenziweni kwengcamango egubungela ukongezwa kwayo konke, ngaphandle kokumka kubungqina kwicandelo lokomoya. Inyani yile yokuba kuwo onke la matyala, ithathwa njengeyona ndlela yobomi hayi njengeseti yeenkqubo zokufikelela esiphelweni. Ke ngoko, ukuziqhelanisa nayo akufezekiswa ngokufunda iincwadi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ngamava ngokwawo.
Yintoni ingqondo?
Ukuqala, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba kwenziwe iinzame zokuyiguqulela "njengengqwalaselo epheleleyo", "ingqalelo emsulwa" okanye "ingqwalaselo yokuqonda", kodwa nakulwimi lwesiSpanish igama lesiNgesi elithi Mindfulness likhethwe ukubhekisa koku isihloko. Nangona kunjalo, imvelaphi yayo ayikho phaya, kodwa ivela njengokuguqulelwa kwelizwi sati, kulwimi lwesiPali, elithetha ukuthi qatha engqondweni okanye kwimemori.
Ingqondo ichazwa njenge isigxina kunye nokuhlala kwengqondo ifikeleleke kumzuzu wangoku, kwaye obangela ukuba ukwazi ngokupheleleyo. Indlela ecetyiswa yile ndlela yokuphila ibandakanya ukuphepha ngazo zonke iindleko umkhethe, iilebheli, uhlalutyo kwaye ubeke ecaleni ukuqonda kwangaphambili.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba umgangatho ochazwa leli gama ngabantu bonke, kodwa bambalwa abakhe bawuphuhlisa. Ngapha koko, uninzi lwamaxesha abantu bayangena kwiingcinga zabo malunga neengxaki, izinto abangazithandiyo, ukungavumelani nobomi babo, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Ngononophelo oluqinisekileyo sifuna ukuphuhlisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba: ingqalelo yonke into eyenzekayo ebomini bethu, kodwa ngaphandle kokusichaphazela; ngokufanayo xa sibukela imovie. Ngale ndlela, le ngxoxo ihlala ihleli kwaye ingafumani bantwana malunga nendlela yokusombulula imeko nganye evelayo, iba kukucamngca ngokusisigxina, ejolise ekwamkeleni izinto njengoko zinjalo kunye nokufuna uxolo.
Iinkqubo "zengqondo"
Ukuqonda iindlela ezisebenza phantsi kwawo la mava, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukuba kucace ukuba kweli candelo iingcinga zithathwa njengezinamandla. Njengokuba banikwa amandla ngakumbi, ngokungasebenzi kakuhle kwengqondo, isizukulwana esingakhethiyo kwezi, ikakhulu ezingalunganga, zikhokelela ekuweni. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho iimeko ezininzi zoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo.
Nangona kule nkqubo ulwazi luyasebenza. Ngokubeka phambili kuye, emva koko iimvakalelo eziphuphumayo ezidala uxinzelelo zityhalelwa ecaleni. Oku kumisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okubondlayo, okubangela ukunciphisa kwabo, kwaye kamva ukunyamalala kwabo.
Ingqondo ayisebenzisi uhlalutyo olubonwe. Uhlalutyo lwenziwa ukuze kufundwe iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezibonwa ngezimvo. Oku kuvela kwinkqubo engenakuthintelwa yokuvelisa iingcinga endaweni yokuba isikhokelo siphendule, siphele sidida kwaye sithintela amandla omntu. Kodwa ukusebenzisa ingqondo, okufunwayo kukunciphisa umsebenzi wengqondo, ukuba oku kukhokelela kulwalamano lomzimba kunye nemeko yoxolo olungafikelelekiyo, nangona iimeko zibonakala zibi.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ayisiyinkqubo enyanzelekileyo, kodwa endaweni yoko kukuzinikezela ngokuthe ngcembe ekuqwalaselweni rhoqo, okuthetha ukubekwa kunye nokupheliswa kwako konke ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okusichaphazelayo. Oku kungakhokelela ekubeni abaninzi bacinge ukuba kumalunga nokwamkela isimo sengqondo sokungenzi nto, kodwa eneneni kusebenza ngokupheleleyo, kuba ukubonwa nokwamkelwa kwenzeka kumzuzu ngamnye wangoku.
Ukusetyenziswa kwengqondo
- UkuNcitshiswa koxinzelelo olusekwe engqondweni (REBAP):
Eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-MBSR (Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwengqondo), yenye yezicelo zokuqala ebinazo. Kwacetyiswa ngo-1990 ngugqirha uJon Kabat-Zinn, isidanga seMassachusetts Institute of Technology, e-United States.
Umgaqo we-MBSR yi ukugcinwa kwengqondo Iziganeko ezikhoyo, umzuzu nomzuzu, ezikhuthaza isimo sengqondo sokwamkelwa kunye nokuphepha ukuphuhlisa izigqibo. Ngale ndlela, injongo kukuba umntu amkele imeko yokucamngca ngokusisigxina, kwaye anike ingqalelo kwiimvakalelo zomzimba, njengoko ezi ziya kuchaphazela imeko yeemvakalelo.
Inkqubo yenziwe ngeeklasi, ezihlala iiyure ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ngosuku, kangangexesha leenyanga ezisibhozo. Phakathi kwemizuzu engamashumi amane anesihlanu okanye iyure yabo, iindlela zokucamngca zinikezelwe, ukuphucula unxibelelwano nabanye kunye nokukhuthaza ulwazi kwimeko nganye yobomi bemihla ngemihla. Imiyalelo esesikweni eyakha ubukrelekrele ibonelelwa, kunye neendlela zokuphuhliswa kokuhamba kancinci kunye nokukhumbula komzimba, kunye neyoga.
- Ingqondo-esekwe kunyango lokuqonda:
Yaziwa ngcono njenge-MBCT (Unyango olusebenzayo olusekwe kwingqondo) kwaye sesinye sezona zicelo zakutshanje zala mava. Isekwe kwi-MBSR esele ichaziwe, ngokubhekisele kwingqwalaselo esisigxina, nangona kunjalo, ibandakanya izinto ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa kunyango lwengqondo. Oku kubandakanya ukufundisa isigulana malunga nemeko yaso, malunga nefuthe leengcinga ezingalunganga, iingcinga ezingenamsebenzi kunye neemvakalelo kuyo, nakubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.
Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubandakanya izinto zonyango lwengqondo, kwahluka kakhulu kuyo. Umsebenzi wonyango lokuqonda ufuna utshintshe indlela acinga ngayo umguli, ngokutshintsha iingcinga ezingakhiyo ngezo zakhayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-MBCT ifuna ukuphuhlisa imeko yokwamkelwa. Isigulana, esele sisazi isiphumo sokucinga okungalunganga, siya kuyibona inyani kwaye siyamkele njengoko injalo, ngaphandle kokuzazisa kwaye ngaphandle kokwenza izigqibo.
Ngokungafaniyo ne-MBSR, olu lonyango olwenzelwe ngokukodwa ukunciphisa izehlo kunye nokuphindeka koxinzelelo. Izifundo ezenziwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-50 ziqinisekisile ukuba olu nyango lukwazile ukunciphisa ukubuyela kwakhona kwezigulana eziye zafumana iziqendu zokudakumba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-XNUMX%.
Ingqondo yabantwana
Nje ukuba intsingiselo yayo, ukusebenza kwayo kunye neendlela eziye zaphuhliswa kuyo zaziwe, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukholelwa ukuba ubukho bayo bukhawulelwe ekupheliseni uxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa imeko yoxinzelelo kubantu abadala. Kodwa enyanisweni, ingqondo ingasetyenziswa ukusuka ebuntwaneni, enokuthintela ukwenzeka kweemeko eziya kufuna ukuba ebudaleni.
Ngabaphi abantwana abanokusetyenziswa kwengqondo okanye "ukucamngca"?
Ngokubanzi, ukuzilolonga kwengqondo kubonisiwe kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-12 ubudala. Kuluhlu, iimeko ezahlukeneyo ziya kuqatshelwa apho isicelo saso sicetyiswa:
- Abo bafuna ukuphucula izakhono zabo zokufunda kunye nokusebenza kwezifundo.
- Abo bantwana bafuna ukufunda ukulawula iimvakalelo zabo.
- Abo baneengxaki zokwamkela ngokwabo, kunye nomzimba wabo, okhokelela ekubeni bazenzele.
- Abo bantwana babonakalisa isimilo sokuzingca, okanye abanotyekelo lokuhlasela oontanga babo.
Ngokukwanjalo, banconyelwa ngokubanzi ukuba abantwana abaneengxaki ze-hyperactivity, i-dyslexia kunye nokuphazamiseka okwahlukileyo enxulumene ne-autism. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukucamngca akubonakalisi unyango lokulungisa le miqathango; Endaweni yoko, sisixhobo sokukhuthaza nokuxhasa ukukhula kwabo kumacandelo emfundo nakwiimvakalelo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele ukuba ixesha lokuzivocavoca kwengqondo kubantwana liya kuba lifutshane kakhulu kunelabantu abadala. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, kubantu abadala kufuneka bayisebenzise yonke imihla, iiyure ezi-2 okanye ezi-3. Nangona kunjalo, ebantwaneni malunga nemizuzu eli-15 okanye engama-30 kabini okanye kathathu ngeveki kuya kwanela. Ukongeza, ubude bexesha buya kuxhomekeka kubudala; Umdala umntwana, ngaphezulu kwemizuzu eli-15 anokuyisebenzisa ekucamngceni.
Iindlela zokucinga zabantwana
Ukusetyenziswa kwe Ingqondo ebantwaneni Inxalenye enkulu yayo, uthotho lwezafobe eziya kubavumela ukuba baqonde amandla kwaye bangene ngokupheleleyo ekucamngeni.
Zininzi iincwadi ezizodwa ngalo mbandela, kubandakanya "ukuzola kunye nokujonga njengeFrog", echaza iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwazisa abantwana, abazali kunye nootitshala ngengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, uthotho lweengcebiso ngokubanzi zibonelelwe apha ngezantsi, ezinika umbono wobume bendlela.
- Khetha indawo ethuleyo ukuze uziqhelanise nengqondo.
- Cebisa abantwana ukuba bazibeke ngokwengqondo kwindawo abacinga ukuba ikhuselekile, inoxolo apho baziva bekhululeke ngokupheleleyo.
- Misa kancinci ngamaxesha athile, oko kuthetha ukuma kwengqondo kunye nomzimba ukuze ucamngce, ulibale yonke into, kwaye uphumle.
- Uqheliso lokuphefumla oluchanekileyo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezafobe ukucacisa ebantwaneni imeko yenguqu. Oku kubandakanya:
- Funda ukuntywila emanzini: Amaza aya kumela iimeko ezahlukeneyo ebomini, ezingenakuguqulwa okanye zilawulwe, kodwa apho umntu anokufunda ukuhamba ngaphandle kokuwa.
- Khawufane ucinge ukuba ulisele: Inokuhlala nje ukuhlala phantsi, ngaphandle kokuhamba, kodwa ujonge yonke into.
- Ingxelo yemozulu: Abantwana bayamenywa ukuba bacinge ukuba injani imeko-bume yangaphakathi, kwaye bathelekise naleyo ifunyenwe ngaphandle.
Izibonelelo zengqondo yabantwana
Ukufundisa abantwana ukucamngca ngokubona kunentaphane yezibonelelo, kubandakanya:
- Esona sibonelelo siphambili yile ukuphucula uxinzelelo, eziya kuba yinzuzo enkulu kubo ngexesha lokufunda, nasekugqityweni komsebenzi wabo wesikolo. Iingxaki zokuphazamiseka ziyancitshiswa, kwaye ulwazi lufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo, ebanika indawo kunye nexesha lokuphuhlisa eminye imisebenzi.
- Ibavumela ukusuka kwiminyaka yobudala ukuba bafunde ukujonga ngononophelo imeko-bume yabo, eya kuthi ithande ukukhula kwabo kuyo njengoko bekhula.
- Ingqondo imele abantwana, kunye nabantu abadala, indlela yokunciphisa okanye yokuphelisa uxinzelelo olubangelwa yimisebenzi yesikolo yemihla ngemihla, uvavanyo kunye nobudlelwane nabo bafunda nabo.
- Ukuzilolonga rhoqo kwengqondo kuphucula amandla akho ememori.
- Okokugqibela, ukucamngca rhoqo ngokujonga kunye nokwamkela akulindelanga ukuba kukhuthaze ubukrelekrele bemvakalelo ebantwaneni. Oku kuyabathanda ekuthatheni izigqibo kwaye ngendlela yokunxibelelana nosapho, abahlobo kunye neqabane labo.
Ubuncinci, obaziwa ngokuba yingqondo u ukhathalelo lokujonga yindlela yokuphila ngokusekwe kukhangelo loxolo, ngokwamkelwa, luvela eMpuma, kodwa ngoku lusasazeke lwaya kwiNtshona yelizwe, apho lamkelwe ngokubanzi.Kwazi ngalo kubalulekile, kuba ibonisa isixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu ekuphuculeni indlela yabantu ubomi. Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku likwazisile malunga nalo kwaye ushiya uluvo uluvo lwakho okanye amava.