Kukho umkhwa ombi wokucinga ukuba, kumazwe athuthukileyo okanye okuqala ehlabathi, ziindawo ekukuphela kwazo apho naluphi na uhlobo lwenkqubela phambili okanye uphuhliso lwenzeka ngokwento eyenziweyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunjalo, kwimimandla emininzi yeLatin America kuye kwakho izehlo okanye imeko kungekuphela kweziganeko zembali eziye zanegalelo kutshintsho oluthile, kodwa zikwayimvelaphi yabantu abakhulu abathi, ngoqeqesho lwabo kwezemfundo kunye nokusetyenziswa okuthembekileyo Ukufunda, kube negalelo kwaye kwaba nefuthe kwi uphuhliso lwezifundo ezitsha kunye nokufumanisa.
Ezi ntlobo zexesha elidlulileyo zisebenza njengesiseko sophando olutsha okanye igalelo elitsha eliza kwenziwa zizizukulwana ezitsha. Le yimeko yaseMexico, enoluntu olunenzululwazi olunokuthi mhlawumbi lungafumani ngqwalaselo ingako, kodwa lifumana iwonga kubuchwephesha bobuchwephesha, ngenxa yenkxaso yamazwe aphesheya enolwazi kwaye inomdla kwimpumelelo yabo.
Zeziphi izazinzulu zaseMexico ezibalaseleyo?
Nalu uluhlu lwezona zenzululwazi zibalulekileyo zaseMexico ngokwempembelelo kunye negalelo labo:
UMario Molina
Ukuqala ngenye yezinto ezikhoyo, UMario Molina Henríquez Ngenye ye izazinzulu ezikhokelayo zaseMexico ngeli xesha. Wazalelwa kwisixeko saseMexico ngo-Matshi 19, 1943. Wayefunda iminyaka yakhe yokuqala yoqeqesho kwezemfundo eMexico, emva koko eneminyaka eli-11 wathunyelwa ukuyokufunda eSwitzerland, oku kungenxa yokuba babeluthatha ulwimi lwaseJamani njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yetekhnoloji. intsimi kunye nophuhliso lwayo.
Ukubuya kwakhe, wafunda e-UNAM kwaye waphumelela njengoNjineli weKhemikhali. Ngo-1972 wafumana isidanga sobugqirha kwiKhemistry nakwiFizikiki kwiYunivesithi yaseBerkeley. Kwaye ngoJuni 28, 1974, wapapasha inqaku kwijenali yendalo, kunye noSherry Rowland, malunga nokubola okwenziwe zii-CFC kwi-Ozone Layer.
Phantse iminyaka engama-20 bazamile ukungayihoyi ithiyori yakhe, njengezinye izazinzulu, kodwa okokugqibela, iziphumo bezimxhasa kwaye njengoko bekulindelekile, zibonisile ukuba uchanekile, ke ngo-Okthobha 11, 1995 wawongwa ngembasa kaNobel eKhemistry kunye noRowland kunye noPaul Crutzen.
Namhlanje, ukufunyanwa kwayo kukhokelele kwimicimbi eyahlukeneyo ibekwa kwabo banezona zinto ziphambili kwii-ajenda zomsebenzi wezizwe eziphambili; Oku kubandakanya utshintsho lwemozulu, impilo yeplanethi kunye nefuthe layo ebantwini.
Ezi yimibono eneempembelelo eziphezulu namhlanje kwaye ngenxa yoku, uGqirha Molina yenye yezona zinto zinempembelelo kwezesayensi nakwezentlalo; kuthathelwa ingqalelo njengoko besesitshilo, enye yezona nzulu zenzululwazi zaseMexico kwaye yathathelwa ingqalelo njengeyona nto iphambili kunye nebalulekileyo kwingcinga yophuhliso nokusinda koluntu.
UCarmen Victoria Felix Chaidez
Wazalelwa eSinaloa. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-17 waya kwiNkomfa yaMazwe ngaMazwe yezeNkwenkwezi eyayibanjelwe eHouston, eUnited States; inyathelo elinokumkhokelela ekubeni abe yenye yezona nzululwazi zibalaseleyo zaseMexico namhlanje.
Ufunde ngobunjineli be-elektroniki kunye nonxibelelwano (IEC) eMonterrey Institute of Technology and Superior Study, eMonterrey Campus, nalapho athe wazibandakanya neminye imisebenzi efana nemibutho neenkongolo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba wayenamalungiselelo amahle kangangokuba waba ngumhlohli kwizikolo eziziiprayimari neziziisekondari ngalo mbandela.
Ekupheleni kobomi bakhe, wajoyina i-AT & T kunye neTexas Instruments; Emva kwexesha wangena kwi-International Space University (ISU), eqeqeshelwa umsebenzi e-NASA Ames, kwisebe leeSatellites ezincinci. Uye wabandakanyeka kwiiforamu zokubonisana malunga nokuyilwa kweArhente yasemajukujukwini yaseMexico (AEM).
Ngexesha lakhe e-NASA Ames wayephethe kuvavanye ubukho bokusebenzisa iimveliso zorhwebo eziza kwenziwa kulwakhiwo lweesathelayithi ezincinci, ukunciphisa iindleko. Ukwenza oku, wasebenzisa i-smartphone yeGoogle Nexus kwaye wasebenza kunye neenjineli zenkampani kunye nabaphandi beNASA.
Ukubuyela eMexico, emva konyaka esebenzisana ne-NASA, wasebenza nabaphathi be-arhente yasemajukujukwini yase-US, ukuze, ngo-2012, abantu abancinci baseMexico abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo eli lizwe babe nethuba lokuhlala ngokufanayo.
UManuel Sandoval Vallarta
Wazalwa ngoFebruwari 11, 1899, njengelungu losapho elibonakaliswe njengoohlohlesakhe eMexico City. Imfazwe Yehlabathi I yamthintela ukuba angene kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge eneminyaka eyi-16. Ngo-18 waya eBoston ukuya kufunda eMIT, efumana isidanga se-bachelor kwi-Electrical Engineering ngo-1921.
Emva koko wafumana isidanga sobugqirha kwiMathematics Physics eneminyaka engama-25 kweli ziko linye. Ngo-1927, uSandoval waphumelela i-Guggenheim Foundation scholarship eyamvumela ukuba afunde iFizikiki phantsi koqeqesho luka-Albert Einstein, uMax Plank, uErwin Shrödinger, uMax von Laue, noHans Reichenbach. Esi siganeko sikhokelele umbhali ukuba aseke ubuhlobo obukhulu no-Einstein, awayemthanda kakhulu.
Ekupheleni kokuhlala kwakhe wadibana noHeisenberg kwaye wasebenzisana naye kuphando lwakhe lwakutsha nje. Ubuyele kwi-MIT ngo-1929 kwaye ukusukela ngoko waba sisalathiso esifanelekileyo kwilizwekazi laseMelika Yazi, uqonde kwaye ugxeke ubuchwephesha be-Quantum. Apho, wayengoyena mqeqeshi uphambili wezinto ezininzi ezizayo ezinje ngoNathan Rosen, uRichard Feynmann kunye noLuis Walter Álvarez.
Uninzi lophando lwakhe lwalusekwe kwimitha yelizwe kunye nombulelo kubo, umbhali watyunjelwa ibhaso likaNobel kwaye waqatshelwa kwihlabathi lonke ngokunceda ukwenza iFantum yeFinum. Ungomnye woososayensi abadumileyo baseMexico.
Ngenxa yeMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, uphando eMIT lwalujolise kwiinjongo zomkhosi, yiyo loo nto ekhetha ukufudukela eMexico rhoqo, ngenxa yesimemo sikaMongameli Manuel Ávila Camacho.
Umsebenzi wakhe waba nefuthe elikhulu kuphuhliso lweProjekthi yeManhattan (ejolise ekudaleni iBhombu yeAtomic), ekuqwalaselweni kweNdawo iphela kwindawo yokujonga ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokusasazwa kwezilingo kwiCosmos. Ekugqibeleni, uGqirha Sandoval wasweleka eMexico City nge-18 ka-Epreli 1977.
ULuis Ernesto Miramontes
U-Luis Ernesto Miramontes Cárdenas wazalelwa kwisiXeko sase Tepic, e-Nayarit, nge-22 ka-Matshi 1925. Uqeqesho kwizifundo zakhe lwenziwa kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo eMexico City, nayo Izifundo ezenziwa kubunjineli bemichiza e-UNAM. Ngo-1950 wayesele esebenza kwiiLebhu zeSyntex, ezinjongo zazo yayikukuphuhlisa iihomoni zokwenziwa kwaye kwikomkhulu elo wayenethuba lokusebenza noCarl Djerassi noJorge Rosenkranz kuphando olwahlukeneyo lweChemistry yeOrganic.
Ngo-Okthobha u-15, 1951, eneminyaka engama-26 kuphela ubudala, uMiramontes wayesele engomnye woososayensi ababalaseleyo base-Mexico kwaye ilawula ukuhlanganisa i-norethisterone, Icandelo lesiseko sezinto zokucwangcisa ngomlomo. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala wabanjwa kwangoko, ethathwa njengenye yezona zinto ziphambili ezenziwayo kule minyaka ingamawaka mabini idlulileyo, awathi wabekwa kuyo kwiHolo loDumo lwabangenisi kwimbali, kunye noPasteur, abantakwabo Wright, uThomas Edison no-Alexander Bell., ukuba kuphela kweMexico.
Ngo-2004, ukuveliswa kwakhe kwathathelwa ingqalelo njenge-2005 ebaluleke kakhulu kwimbali ngenxa yeziphumo zobuchwephesha nezentlalo, kwaye ngo-XNUMX, i-norethisterone kwathiwa lelona galelo libalulekileyo lezenzululwazi laseMexico kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX yi-Mexican Academy of Science. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubonakalisiwe okanye waziwa ngokubangela inguquko yesondo kunye nokuyilwa kwakhe.
Wayenosapho oluquka abantwana be-10. Ukongeza kwimpumelelo yakhe, usosayensi uMiramontes waba ngunjingalwazi weKhemistry e-UNAM, eqhubeka nezifundo zakhe kwaye ebhalisa amanye amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza angama-40. Wayekwangumlawuli weFakhalthi yeKhemistry yeYunivesithi yaseIbero-American kunye noMlawuli woPhando oluSisiseko lweZiko laseMexico lePetroleum. Usweleke ngo-2004 kwisiXeko saseMexico ngoSeptemba 13.
UCarlos de Singüenza noGóngora
USingüenza y Góngora wazalelwa kwisiXeko saseMexico ngo-1645, abazali bakhe babengamaSpanish. Ebutsheni bakhe waqala izifundo zakhe zonqulo, kodwa wagxothwa ngenxa yokuziphatha gwenxa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha waphumelela kwiRoyal and Pontifical University. Ngenxa yenqanaba lakhe eliphezulu lokujonga kunye namava endalo, wachongwa ukuba enze iimephu zeHydrological kuyo yonke iNew Spain, ngelo xesha eyayibandakanya naseFlorida.
Walathisa ukumba eTeotihuacán ngo-1675, eyayizizinto zokuqala zokumbiwa kwezinto zakudala ezenziwa eMexico ngexesha lobukoloniyali.
Enye yezibakala eziphawula yena phakathi kwezona nzululwazi zibalaseleyo zaseMexico yayikukuba eMelika wayenguye umanduleli wokwahlulwa kweenkwenkwezi kunye neenkwenkwezi, umsitho apho wagxekwa ngokubanzi kwezenzululwazi, naseYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, akazange ayeke kwaye aqhubeke nokuma; Womelele kwaye uqinisekile ukuba waxoxisana ngethiyori kude kube sekupheleni, esekwe kwaye ephikisana ngeenyaniso ezingqongqo kunye nokuqwalaselwa.
Ukongeza, wayephethe uxanduva lokuhlangula izinto ezazishiyeke ngaphambi kweColumbian Mexico, kodwa ukusweleka kwakhe ngequbuliso ngo-1700 kwaphazamisa olunye lwezona zinto zibalulekileyo zophando lwezinto zakudala eMexico.
Guillermo gonzalez camarena
UGuillermo González Camarena, okwabizwa ngokuba yingqondi encinci kwizazinzulu zaseMexico, wazalwa ngoFebruwari 17, 1917 eGuadalajara, eJalisco. Ngokweerekhodi, kuba wayengumntwana wayenomdla kwitekhnoloji; Kakhulu kangangokuba eneminyaka eli-12 wakwazi ukuzenzela eyakhe irediyo eyedwa nakwiminyaka eli-15 kwikhamera yakhe kamabonakude. Ngelo xesha lobudala kwenzeka kuye ukuba abe nombala we-TV ukuze angayiboni ikruqula.
Kwi-1939 wazisa ngenkqubo yakhe enkulu ye "Field Sequential Trichromatic System". Ukuyilwa kwabangela umsindo omkhulu kwaye xa wayeneminyaka engama-23 kuphela ubudala wafumana ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kumabonakude wombala eMexico naseMelika, ngo-Agasti 19, 1940. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-29 ubudala wakwazi yenza isikhululo sokuqala sovavanyo sikamabonakude eMexico, eqala ukusasaza umabonakude njengendlela yonxibelelwano kunye nemfundo.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba indalo yayo inefuthe elikhulu kwinqanaba lehlabathi, elakhokelela ekuqwalaselweni kwangoko. Iiyunivesithi nazo sele zinalo igama elinikiweyo; isihloko se-Honoris Causa nditsho "noGqirha weSayensi" (kufanele ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba esi yayisisihloko esinganikwanga ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane kumaZiko aseMelika). Nge-20 ka-Okthobha u-1962, wanelungelo elilodwa lomenzi "leNkqubo ye-Bicolor eyenziwe lula", eyinkqubo yangoku yeethelevishini.
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, ukwamkelwa kunye nefuthe lezinto ezenziwe ngumbhali zisasazeka kwangoko kwihlabathi liphela; ukukhuthaza isayensi kunye nemfundo, ezazisoloko zidibene ngaphakathi elizweni. Ngokushukuxa ngokupheleleyo kwaye xa umsebenzi wakhe wawusonyuka ngokunyuka, ethathwa njengenye yezona nzulu zenzululwazi zaseMexico, wasweleka, ngenxa yengozi yemoto ngo-Epreli 18, 1970 eyathatha ubomi bakhe.
UFernando Mier-Hicks
Wazalelwa eAguascalientes kwaye uphumelele kwitekhnoloji yaseMonterrey. Uneminyaka nje engama-28 ubudala, osandula ukuphumelela, ungugqirha wobunjineli bendawo ovela eMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Kufuneka iqatshelwe ukuba isimulator yenziwa kwiziko elo kuvavanya iimeko eziza kujongana neeprototypes ze-nanosatellite kwindawo engaphandle.
Ngaphambi kokungena kugqirha, ibambisene nesiqalo Iinkqubo zokuSebenza, Eyila izixhobo zayo zombane kwaye iya kubeka uvavanyo lokuqala kunyaka olandelayo.
Phakathi kwempumelelo yakhe kukuyila uyilo kumatshini olinganisa iimeko ezintathu zangaphandle-zeli hlabathi: iimeko ezinokungqubana okunguziro, isithuba (ukungabikho komoya) kunye neplasma yendawo.
Kudliwanondlebe lweForbes, usosayensi oselula wachaza ukuba imeko yokungqubana okunguziro yenza nayiphi na intshukumo, nokuba yeyomzuzu kangakanani, ihlale ixesha elide. Ukongeza, iyakwazi ukubangela imikhosi emincinci eveliswe yimeko-bume yangaphandle ukuba ibenakho okanye ikwazi ukuguqula imeko yayo, umzekelo, ukuhlangana kwelanga kunye nesathelayithi.
Oku kuye kwaqhuba nokuzalisekiswa kweqela, eliye kwakhona, ngokubuyisela iimeko zasemajukujukwini (ukutyeba, ukungqubana okunguziro kunye nendawo eneplasma), evunyelwe ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwezinto ze-elektroniki kunye neenkqubo zokuqhubela phambili zolu hlobo lwesathelayithi.
Akaqinisekanga ukuba uza kuzinikezela na kuphando okanye angene kwishishini le-aerospace, eliqinisekileyo, yindawo yakhe phakathi kwezona nzululwazi zibalaseleyo zaseMexico.