Ukwahlukahlukana kwezilwanyana, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphila, kwa indaleko enye yenze ukuba nganye yazo ihambelane nendawo ezihlala kuyo, izilwanyana zaselwandle umzekelo, zinobomi obahluke mpela kwizilwanyana zasemhlabeni.
Indlela yokondla, ukuzala kunye nokuphefumla zezinye zezinto ezimisela ukuvela kwesilwanyana. Ukuphefumla kweGill, umzekelo, yinto edibeneyo ukubaluleka kophuhliso lweentlanzi kunye nezinye izilwanyana zasemanzini, ngenxa yoku, besifuna ukukunika lonke ulwazi oludingayo kwaye kufanelekile ukwazi ngenkqubo yokuphefumla yeentlanzi kunye nezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle eziphefumla ngemithambo yazo.
Yintoni iigill?
Zizitho zangaphandle ezivumela iintlanzi kunye nezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle ukuba zenze inkqubo ukufunxeka kweoksijini emanzini. Siyaqonda ukuba ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali zamanzi yi-H2O, ke, i-gill iyakwazi ukukhupha O2 zamanzi kwaye ke uzise kwamanye amalungu omzimba wesilwanyana ukuze usigxothe njenge CO2 esiphakathini.
Izilwanyana ezineli lungu emzimbeni wazo ziyakwazi ukuhambisa ioksijini eziyifunxa kwamanye amalungu omzimba ukunqanda nakuphi na ukunxila. Ukuphefumla kweselula kwenziwa ngokuphefumla kwesilwanyana kunye ne-mitochondria, eyinto yeseli ephathekayo.
Iimpawu zegill
- Ngokungafaniyo nemiphunga, iigill zizitho zangaphandle.
- Ziyilungele intshukumo engaguquguqukiyo apho isilwanyana sikhula emanzini.
- Zineefom ezimbini, enye iyafana naleyo yesihlomelo eqhotyoshelwe kwizilwanyana, olu hlobo lwe-gill lufumaneka kwiimollusks, izibungu, i-salamanders kunye ne-newt.
- Olunye uhlobo lwayo luqhele ukubonwa kwintlanzi, ezilungelelaniswe ngaphakathi kolwakhiwo lwesilwanyana somqala.
- Zinxulumene nenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi lesilwanyana.
Iindidi zegill
Enkosi kukuvela kweentlobo, sinokufumana izilwanyana zaselwandle ezineentlobo ezimbini zegill: zangaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngokweemfuno zohlobo ngalunye lwamanzi, ookhokho babo bavelisa i-gill ethile.
Umzekelo, iimollusks kunye neentsha zinegill efana nesihlomelo esifunyenwe ngaphandle ukwenza iinkqubo ze-oxygenation yezilwanyana umsebenzi olula kakhulu kumandla akho okuphefumla. Umsebenzi wokukhuselwa kwezi gill usekwe ekubeni nakho ukwenza inkqubo yeoksijini ilula ngakumbi kwiiseli zesilwanyana.
Kwelinye icala, iigill zangaphakathi yinto esihlala siyibona kookrebe okanye ezinye iintlobo zentlanzi encinci. Ezi gill ziqhotyoshelwe emzimbeni ngaphandle ukuze iintlanzi zingabinangxaki yokuhamba emanzini kwaye zona zingabinangxaki yeoksijini.
Iigilizi zangaphandle
Olu hlobo lweegill lwenziwe ngamashiti amakhulu emile okwephandle angaphandle kwesilwanyana.
Ngokweengcamango ezahlukeneyo zokuzivelela kwezinto, iigill zangaphandle zezona zidala emhlabeni wolwandle.
La igill yangaphandle Ingabeka ubomi besilwanyana emngciphekweni kuba iyenza ibonakale ngakumbi kumrhamncwa, kukwakho nethuba lokuba isilwanyana singonzakala kuba sibhencisiwe ekuchukumiseni zonke iindawo esihamba kuzo.
Izilwanyana ezingenamqolo zezi zinolu hlobo lwe-gill; Kukwangqinwa ukuba ezi zimbumba ziyanyamalala kwimibungu, ngokungafaniyo ne-gill zangaphakathi ezihlala kwisilwanyana kude kube yimetamorphosis okanye indaleko.
Iigill zangaphakathi
Ngokwenxalenye yayo, iigill zangaphakathi yinto esihlala siyibona kuninzi lwezilwanyana zaselwandle ezinje ngeentlanzi nookrebe. Ngokweengcamango zenguqulelo yendalo, olu hlobo lwegill lolona lincinci kwindaleko.
Kwizigidi zeminyaka, izilwanyana zasemanzini zazinemiphunga yangaphandle, zona ngokwazo zezona zixhaphakileyo.
Emva kokuba iindidi ezohlukeneyo, imiphunga yangaphakathi yaphunyezwa ngaphakathi kwento nganye yesilwanyana; Konke kubulelwe kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zesondlo kunye nokusinda esasinaso isilwanyana.
Este Inkqubo yokuphefumla intsonkothe ngakumbi kunaleyo ye-gill yangaphandle, kuba ibekwe ngaphantsi komqala wentlanzi.
Islits nganye inxitywe yimithambo yegazi, yiyo loo nto ioksijini engena ngegill inokuhamba ngayo yonke inkqubo yokujikeleza kwesilwanyana, yenze ioksijini kwamanye amalungu ayenzileyo.
Izidalwa ezomeleleyo zezi zinolu hlobo lwe-gill, oluthi nangona luyeyona nkqubo yokuphefumla intsokothe kakhulu, kuba yeyona ivumela isilwanyana ukuba sihambe emanzini yeyona nto ishukumayo.
Kukuthini ukuphefumla okumnyama kwaye kusebenza njani?
Ukuphefumla kweGill kubandakanya utshintshiselwano ngeegesi kunye neoksijini eyenzeka ngegill.
Kanye njengokuba umntu ephefumla ngemiphunga nangomoya, into eyeyakho Iigill kufuneka zifunxe amanzi olwandle, ulwandle, umlambo, ichibi kunye nezinye iimeko ze-hydrographic ukuze zikwazi ukusebenzisa ioksijini eyenza amanzi kwaye ngaloo ndlela igcine amalungu ayo angaphakathi kunye neentlobo zayo ziphila.
Iigill blades okanye iigill zibekwe entlokweni yesilwanyana, ngasemva nje.
Ukuze inkqubo yokuphefumla i-gill izalisekiswe, kubalulekile ukuba isilwanyana saselwandle sifunxe ioksijini emanzini, zininzi iindlela zokwenza oko, nokuba kungamanzi olwandle angqonge yona okanye ngoncedo lwelungu elibizwa ngokuba yi-operculum.
Ioksijini ethi ifunxwe sisilwanyana ithunyelwa egazini lesilwanyana okanye, ukusilela oko, komnye ulwelo olwenza umsebenzi ofanayo negazi elibizwa ngokuba yihemolymph. Nje ukuba ioksijini yenze olu hambo, irhasi yenza ukuphefumla kweselfowuni ngenxa yemitochondria.
Nje ukuba ioksijini yenze umsebenzi wayo emzimbeni wesilwanyana, ikhutshwa njengekharbon diokside emanzini. Kuyimfuneko ukuba le gesi ikhutshwe emzimbeni wesilwanyana ukuthintela ityhefu.
Izilwanyana eziphefumlayo
- Amasele
- Pulpo
- Clam
- IsiTiburon
- Pulpo
- IStingray
- Umvundla wolwandle
- ICarp
- Izibungu
- Entsha
Iintlobo zezinto eziphila elwandle kufuneka zikhathalelwe ngabantu, nganye nganye inesizathu sobukho bayo; Ukuba akukho yantlukwano kwizilwanyana zehlabathi, iinkqubo ezifanayo zokuvela kwendalo zinokuchaphazeleka.
Kungenxa yoko le nto kufuneka siyiqonde inkunkuma ephoswa elwandle, siyeke ukwenza olu hlobo lokungakhathali, iqinisekisa ukuba ubomi beentlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwandle zihlala ixesha elide.