Ukurhoxiswa kobugqwetha njengokuzalwa kwakhona okwangoku

Ukutsalwa okuqhelekileyo kusaziwa njengesiqhelo esikhona ngaphakathi kwepeyinti engabonakaliyo, kwaye yaphuhliswa ngo-1910, ngunyaka lowo othathwa njengesalathiso sokuphawula ukuqala kwepeyinti engabonakaliyo.

Kwakuloo nyaka mnye, umzobi waseRussia UVasili Kandinsky wenza umzobo oza kuphawula ukuqala komzobo, kwaye wabona kufanelekile ukuba athiye ngokuchanekileyo "I-watercolor yokuqala engabonakaliyo”. Yayingumsebenzi wokuqala we-avant-garde owenziwe kule ntshukumo kwaye eyokuqala yenza uKandinsky ukuba abe nguyise wokutsalwa.

Olu tyekelo luphawulwa ngokungafuni ukwenza iifom eziqhelekileyo ukumela ubunyani, ke oko kwenza ukuba abantu bafumane umbono wabo ngale mizobo.

Umdla wakhe ophambili yayikukudala iifom ezintsha bonakalisa iimvakalelo ukuqala ekuqaleni, kwaye eluntwini khange bamele nto, kuba ngaloo ndlela banokuza kunxibelelana ngakumbi neemvakalelo zomculi, ngokuphulukana ngokupheleleyo nomxholo wokwenyani.

Indlela eyintandokazi yabapeyinti bale ndlela intsha yayiyi-watercolor, kwaye bazobe imizobo kunye namanqaku amancinci ngendlela efanayo; Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zazo zipeyintwe ngemizobo yeoyile enkulu eyayigwetyelwe imvakalelo kunye nothando. Kule meko, eyona nto ibalaseleyo ngumbala ongaphezulu kobume, imibala eyahlukeneyo iyindlela yokumela imvakalelo nganye ewele ingqondo yomzobi.

Imvelaphi

Ngexesha le-1910s, uninzi lwabazobi abavela kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo "babezama" indlela yokutsala, ngelo xesha eyayingabizwanga njalo, kwaye nganye nganye ngokokubona kwayo.

Ukukhankanya umzekelo omnye, amagcisa eCubist kunye neFuturist asebenze ngemifanekiso yenyani, abathi bayitshintshe ngokuzithandela ukubonisa izimvo kunye neemilo. I-Supremacists kunye ne-Constructivists basebenzise iifom zokwenyani nezaziwayo kubugcisa babo, kodwa babanika intsingiselo engumfuziselo engakhange ifune ukumela oko kunokubonwa, kwaye yayiyindida. Nangona kunjalo, elinye iqela lamagcisa lasondela ekuthatheni ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunaleyo iphela.

Ekhokelwe nguVasili Kandinski, eli qela latyalwa kwimeko yokutsalwa kwimbono yokungazi intsingiselo enokufihlwa ngaphakathi kwento ababeyipeyinta.

Babelindele loo nto umzobo wefom yasimahla, kwaye ngaphandle kokusebenzisa nayiphi na imeko ebonakalayo okanye ifom banokubonisa umhlaba kwimizobo yabo intsingiselo yento entsha nengaziwayo. UKandinsky, umzekelo, usekwe kwimizobo yakhe kwimixholo yomculo, awayedlulisa ngayo iimvakalelo ngendlela engacacanga kwaphela.

Imizobo yakhe kule ntsimi yayinomdla, i-subjective, imvakalelo, ukucinga kunye nokucacisa. Ngamanye amagama: iingoma.

Ukukhutshwa kobugqwetha emva kwemfazwe

Ukubhalwa kuka-Kandinski ngengoma kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto ezininzi zobugcisa ezazibalasele ngexesha le-1920 kunye ne-1930. Ubugcisa bakhe babungadibani ngokuthe ngqo nenkolo, kodwa ngandlela thile bekukho ubundlobongela obuhlala buhleli emsebenzini wakhe.

Amagcisa anxulumene nezinye izikolo zobugcisa, ezinje ngeArt Concret kunye neSurrealism, zifuna ngemizobo yazo zokwenza ubugcisa obabubakho, nangona bungebobasekhaya kunye ne-avant-garde, bulula ngokwaneleyo ukuba abaphulaphuli bayiqonde kwaye bayicacise.

kandinsky Bendifuna uhlobo lobugcisa olungenakuchazwa ngokupheleleyo okanye luchazwe; umntu ngamnye owubonileyo uya kufumana inkcazo yobuqu yokubakhokela ngaphakathi komphefumlo wabo. Uvakalise unxibelelwano lwakhe kwiimfihlakalo zendalo iphela ngendlela evulekileyo. Kwakungathi wayeyile uhlobo lobukho bokomoya.

Ubukho befilosofi eyafumana abalandeli abaninzi emva kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi; xa abantu befuna ukuqonda ukuba yintoni kubo ukungabalulekanga kobomi. Iingcinga ezibucayi zazingakwazi ukukhawula amandla amakhulu anokuvumela ubungakanani bentshabalalo ababeyibonile.

Kodwa endaweni ye- ubone umsebenzi wabo wenziwe nzima ngokungabikho kukaThixo, abaculi be-existentialist baphendukela ekuboniseni ukungabalulekanga kobomi ngokwabo, kwaye kwakukukhangelwa kwezinto ezikhoyo ezenza ukukhutshwa kweengoma kwavela emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini.

Ngalo maxesha, ubomi bezobugcisa beedolophu ezinkulu ezinjengeParis, zazitshisiwe zisenziwa ngamaNazi, kuba ubugcisa be-avant-garde babungavumelekanga ukuba buboniswe, kuba ngabazobi abakhulu baseJamani kuphela ababenokubonisa ubugcisa babo, yayilibango elitsha lobukhulu bama-Aryan. UAdolf Hitler ngokwakhe wayenokuthi ngomsebenzi kaKandinski: “Kubonakala ngathi ngumsebenzi otyhafileyo ongenatalente oneminyaka esibhozo okanye esithoba ubudala".

Kodwa emva kokukhululwa kwe-Paris ngo-1944, ubomi bezobugcisa baphinda baqala ukubhabha, bekhatshwa ngabazobi abangafuniyo abacaphukisa uMlawuli.

Ukuhamba kwenyameko ngexesha langoku

Kumashumi eminyaka okuqala enkulungwane yama-60, amagcisa anjengoKandinski, u-Alberto Giacometti, uJean Fautrier, kunye noPaul Klee babeka iziseko zeengoma ezihambisayo. Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, amanye amagcisa anjengoGeorges Mathieu, uPierre Soulages noJoan Mitchell baqhubeka nokubasa phambili. Emva kwexesha, phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-70 kunye nee-XNUMXs, amagcisa anjengoHelen Frankenthaler, uJules Olitski, kunye namanye amagcisa avuselela lo mkhuba ngendawo entsha, kwaye nokusasaza ukubaluleka kwesikhundla.

Ngo-2015, elinye lawona mazwi makhulu kwimibutho yokuhamba, umculi waseSpain uLaurent Jiménez-Balaguer, usweleke. Kodwa yabo iikhonsepthi, ubuchule kunye nethiyori zisekhona kwimisebenzi yamagcisa amaninzi NjengoMargaret Neill, oomculo wakhe wemvelo omema umbukeli kuthethathethwano lokwenene kunye nentsingiselo yemisebenzi yakhe.

Yintoni egcina, kwaye iya kugcina aba baculi beengoma behlangene, ngumnqweno wokubonisa into evakalayo, ukuzithoba kunye nokuthanda, nokwenza njalo ngendlela enesibongo nengabonakaliyo.

Izixhobo

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba le yintshukumo yobugcisa enokuthi ichongwe ngokuzalwa kwayo ngaphakathi kweemfundiso zovukelo kunye nokungahambelani, imisebenzi ehambelana nentshukumo ye-lyric abstract kufuneka iqulethe ezinye zeempawu ezenza ukuba bangobani.

• Inokuba nomxholo weemvakalelo, ayidibananga kuphela negcisa, kodwa kunye nombukeli oya konwaba umzobo wakhe.
• Kuya kufuneka ubenomyalezo obalulekileyo wokunxibelelana nehlabathi.
• Yinto ekufanele ubenayo isiseko sokuqhelaniswa ngokomoya nomzobi. Izinto azithandayo ezenza ukuba abe ngubani. Indlela yokunxibelelana nabo bathanda ukupeyinta kwakho.
• Imele imibala eyahlukeneyo, ukwakhiwa kunye nezinto zoyilo, apho umbala ngokubanzi uhamba phambili kunendlela.
• Unomdla wokuphonononga izimvo kunye nentsingiselo enokuthi inikwe umzobo obuzwayo. Akanomdla kwiimfundiso ezingenanto zobugcisa.

Amagcisa okuhamba

• UVasili Kandinski (1866-1944)
• UHenri Michaux (1899-1984)
• UHans Hartung (1904-1989)
• UGeorges Mathieu (1921-2012)
• UHelen Frankenthaler (1928-2011)

Intshukumo yokutsala ngokukuko namhlanje

Kumaxesha ethu, ubugcisa obunengqokelela yeengoma busemi. Uninzi lwabaculi beli xesha abancinci bayaqhubeka nokusebenza ezinyathelweni zookhokho babo kweli sebe lobugcisa.

UMarilyn Kirsch ungomnye wabaculi ababonayo kule ndawo, kwaye ungomnye wezona zidumileyo. Yakhe iveza umsebenzi wokuchaza imeko yomntu, ukongeza ekujongeni indlela yokuzinika into esinokuyithatha njengombono wexesha elizayo.