I-Bloom's Taxonomy kwiMfundo

Mhlawumbi wakhe weva Ulawulo lweBloom kodwa awuyazi ngenene ukuba imalunga nantoni okanye inokusetyenziswa njani. Ilula ngokulula kunesandi, kodwa kuya kufuneka unike ingqalelo kuzo zonke izinto ezinefuthe ukuze ufumane okungakumbi kuyo. Kwimfundo, nantoni na ethetha ukuthatha ithuba lokufunda yamkelekile.

Imfundo yinkqubo apho umfundi aqeqeshwa khona okanye afunde ngesihloko esithile. Injongo kukuba aba bantu baphuhle kwaye babe nokuqonda okungcono, ukusebenzisana, isimilo kunye namandla okuhlala. Imfundo ibalulekile kuluntu lwethu ukuhambisa ulwazi lusuka kolunye luye kuthi ukuze sikwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokuguquka kwimeko-bume esizifumana sikuyo. Ngele ndlela abantu bazokwazi ukufunda ulwazi nezakhono eziqhubela uluntu phambili zingami.

Okwangoku imfundo lilungelo kwindalo iphela kodwa bekungasoloko kunjalo. Ziyintoni iinjongo zemfundo esesikweni? Imodeli enye yokuxabisa ukufunda kwabantu yi-Bloom's Taxonomy kwaye kubalulekile ukuba uyiqonde ukuze uqhubele phambili.

Yintoni

I-Bloom's taxonomy kukuhlelwa okuneenjongo ezahlukeneyo ekufuneka ziphunyezwe ngemfundo esesikweni. Yenziwe nguBenjamin Bloom ngo-1956 ukukhuthaza iindlela eziphezulu zokucinga kwezemfundo, ezinje ngokuhlalutya kunye nokuvavanya iikhonsepthi, iinkqubo, iinkqubo kunye nemigaqo, kunokuba ukhumbule nje iinyani (ukufunda ngokulula).

Isakhelo esenziwe nguBloom kunye nababesebenza kunye naso sinamacandelo amathandathu aphambili: Ulwazi, Ukuqonda, ukuSebenza, uHlaziyo, uLungelelwaniso noVavanyo Amanqanaba emva koLwazi athiwa thaca 'njengezakhono nobuchule', ngokuqonda ukuba ulwazi lwaluyimfuneko eyimfuneko yokubeka ezi zakhono nobuchule.

Ngelixa udidi ngalunye lunamacandelwana, konke kuqhubeka ukusuka kokulula ukuya kokunzima kunye nekhonkrithi ukuya kokungabonakaliyo, uqoqosho lwerhafu luyaziwa ngokukhumbula ngokwamacandelo amathandathu aphambili.

I-Bloom's taxonomy yantlandlolo ukusukela ngo-1956

Nazi iinkcazo ezimfutshane ezivela kubabhali bezi ndidi ziphambili:

1. Conocimiento. Kubandakanya ukubuyiswa kwemiba ethile kunye neyendalo iphela, ukubuyiselwa kweendlela kunye neenkqubo okanye ukubuyiswa kwendlela, ulwakhiwo okanye ubumbeko.
2. Ukuqonda.  Ibhekisa kuhlobo lokuqonda okanye ukoyikeka kangangokuba umntu lowo akwazi oko kuthethwayo. Ungayisebenzisa le nto okanye uluvo olunxibelwayo ngaphandle kokulunxibelelanisa nezinye izinto okanye ubone iziphumo zalo ngokupheleleyo.
3. Ukusetyenziswa. Ibhekisa ekusetyenzisweni kwezinto ezikhutshiweyo ngakumbi kunye neemeko eziphathekayo.
4. Uhlalutyo. Imele ukwaphuka konxibelelwano kwizinto zalo okanye kwiinxalenye zalo, ukuze ulawulo olupheleleyo lweembono lucace kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi kweembono ezivakalisiweyo benziwa bucace.
5. Yindibanisela. Kubandakanya umanyano lwezinto kunye namalungu ukwenza yonke.
6.  Ukuvelisa izigwebo malunga nexabiso lezinto kunye neendlela ngeendlela ezithile.

Ukuhlaziywa kweBloom's Taxonomy (2001)

Iqela leengqondo zengqondo, i-theorists yekharityhulam kunye nabaphandi bokufundisa, kunye novavanyo kunye novavanyo lweengcali bapapasha uphononongo lwe-Bloom's taxonomy ngo-2001 phantsi kwesihloko esithi Taxonomy for Teaching, Learning, and Assessment. Esi sihloko siphambukisa ingqalelo kwimiba emileyo "yeenjongo zemfundo" (kwisihloko sokuqala seBloom) kwaye ikhomba kwimbono enamandla yokwahlulahlula. Ke ngoko, iingcali kwezemfundo namhlanje zixhomekeke kolu hlaziyo luhlaziyiweyo lweBloom ukubanakho ukuyisebenzisa ekufundiseni nasekufundeni kwayo nayiphi na inkalo yemfundo.

Ababhali be-taxonomy ehlaziyiweyo bayigxininisa le dynamism, besebenzisa izenzi kunye negerunds ukuleyibhelisha iindidi zabo kunye namacandelwana (endaweni yamagama avela kuqoqosho lwantlandlolo lwantlandlolo). La "magama esenzo" achaza iinkqubo zengqondo apho oonondaba badibana khona kwaye basebenze ngolwazi:

1. Khumbula (ukuqonda, ukukhumbula)
2. Qonda (ukutolika, ukwenza umzekelo, ukuhlela, ukushwankathela, ukuthelekisa, ukucacisa)
3. aplicar (ukwenza, ukwenza)
4. Hlalutya (umahluko, ukulungiselela, ukunikezela)
5. Vavanya (ukujonga, ukugxeka)
6. Yakha (ukuvelisa, ukucwangcisa, ukuvelisa)

Kwirhafu ehlaziyiweyo, ulwazi lusisiseko seenkqubo ezintandathu zokuqonda, kodwa ababhali babo benze i-taxonomy eyahlukileyo yeentlobo zolwazi ezisetyenziswe kwingcaciso:

1. Ulwazi oluyinyani (ulwazi lwesigama kunye neenkcukacha ezithile okanye izinto)
2. Ulwazi oluqinisekileyo (Ulwazi lokwahlulahlula, iindidi, imigaqo-siseko, ukwenziwa ngokubanzi, ithiyori, iimodeli okanye ulwakhiwo)
3. Ulwazi lwenkqubo (Ulwazi lwezakhono, ii-algorithms, ubuchule kunye neendlela, iikhrayitheriya zokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo)
4. Ulwazi lweMetacognitive (ulwazi olucwangcisiweyo, imisebenzi yokuqonda kunye nokuzazi ngokwakho)

Kutheni usebenzisa i-Bloom's taxonomy

Ababhali be-taxonomy ye-bloom babona ukusebenza kwayo ngokupheleleyo kuba bayayidibanisa njengempendulo ye-didactic ekufundeni kwakhe nawuphina umntu. Bacinga ukuba i-taxonomy ye-bloom kufuneka isetyenziswe kuba:

• Iinjongo zokufunda okanye iinjongo zimiselwe, ezibalulekileyo ukuze ube nakho ukutshintshiselana ngokulungileyo ekufundiseni. Ootitshala nabafundi baqonda ukusuka kumzuzu wokuqala uhlobo lotshintshiselwano lwemfundo abaya kuba nalo.
• Iinjongo zihlelwe kakuhle kwaye kuluncedo ukucacisa ezo zibaluleke kakhulu kubafundi.
• Yenza iinjongo zakho zihlelwe kunceda ootitshala kunye noonjingalwazi ekucwangciseni uqeqesho olufanelekileyo, ukuyila imisebenzi yovavanyo esebenzayo kunye neendlela, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba uqeqesho kunye novavanyo ziyahambelana neenjongo ezichaziweyo

I-Bloom's taxonomy iseka ngokucacileyo iinjongo ekufuneka zifezekiswe ngohlobo oluthile lokufunda, ukuze iququzelele umsebenzi wootitshala, kwaye abafundi baya kukwazi ukuba balindele ntoni ngalo lonke ixesha. Umfundi kufuneka kwakhona abe ngumlinganiswa ophambili ekufundeni kwakhe nokuba iinjongo ziyasekwa, umfundi kufuneka abe ngumthathi-nxaxheba ngawo onke amaxesha kwinto eyenzekayo kule nkqubo yokufundisa nokufunda.

Okwangoku, kwaye kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba uluntu luqhubela phambili ngokuxhumaxhuma kunye nemithombo yeendaba entsha iyabandakanywa ekufundiseni nasekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe obutsha, kubalulekile ukuzihlaziya. Ngesi sizathu, imiba enxulumene nokusetyenziswa kolwazi olutsha kunye neetekhnoloji zonxibelelwano ziyafakwa, xa iimodeli ezintsha ezifanayo kuba zinenjongo efanayo.