Yintoni uvavanyo lweRaven? Uphuhliso kunye neempawu

Ndilumke kangakanani? Ngumbuzo ovelise ukungqubana okungaphakathi emntwini okokoko umxholo wasekwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuzimisela kunye nokunikezelwa kwe- Ixabiso lobukrelekrele Akululanga konke konke, kuba umlinganiso wayo awukho malunga nokufundwa kwexabiso kwinto ethile ezimiselweyo. Yonke into iyakuba lula kakhulu, ukuba isikali sobukrelekrele besinokufundwa ngokuthe ngqo, njengaxa kusetyenziswa ithemometha sifunda ixabiso lobushushu emzimbeni okanye phakathi.

Ubunzima ekunikezeleni ngexabiso lobukrelekrele buxhomekeke kwinto yokuba ubukrelekrele lixesha elingenabungozi, kwaye akukho mvumelwano ngokubanzi ehambelana nazo zonke iindawo ezigubungelayo.

Ngokubanzi, ubukrelekrele bunokuchazwa njengobuchwephesha bengqondo yokuqiqa, yokuqonda kunye nokufumana ulwazi oluthile kunye nenjongo yokuyila iindlela ezichanekileyo zokulinganisa, iimvavanyo ezaziwayo zokuqonda ziye zaphuhliswa, kwaye phakathi kwazo kuvavanyo lweRaven, igqiba, ngokusetyenziswa kwematriki, umba wobukrelekrele.

Uphuhliso lovavanyo

Uvavanyo lwenziwa nguJohn Raven ngeenjongo zophando; Kodwa olu vavanyo, apho inqanaba lenkcubeko kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwimi oluthethwayo kungakhange kuthathelwe ingqalelo njengezinto ezinomda, kuya kuba luvavanyo olubalulekileyo kwicandelo lezemfundo. Enye into emisela ukwamkelwa okukhulu kovavanyo lweRaven yayikukulula kokusebenzisa nokutolika kwayo. Ixesha elingaphezulu lenziwe, iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zenziwa, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kugqitywa bubudala kunye nobuchule besifundo esiza kuvavanywa.

Ilinganisa ubungakanani bengqondo ngokubanzi (factor g), kusetyenziswa uthelekiso lweefom kunye nokuqiqa ngokusekwe kwii-analogies, ngaphandle kolwazi olufunyenweyo. Ngokusetyenziswa kwayo, ulwazi lufunyenwe kwisakhono sokucinga, sinyanzelisa ukuqiqa kwe-analog, ukuqonda kunye namandla okutsala ukuba asethwe.

Iimpawu zovavanyo lweRaven

Uvavanyo lokuqonda lwaphuhliswa ukulinganisa izinto ezahlukeneyo, kwaye zihlala ziphikisana nenxalenye yokuqonda, iindawo apho umlinganiso wophuhliso ujolise khona kukugqwesa oku kulandelayo:

• Ingqiqo-imathematika ubuchule.
• Ukuthetha ngokutyibilikayo.
• Umbono wendawo.
• Imemori.

Uvavanyo lweRaven lujolise kwimilinganiselo ye ukuqiqa nge-analog, Umthamo wokutsalwa kunye nokuqonda.

Sebenzisa imatriki

Eyona njongo iphambili ekhokele uphuhliso lweMatriki ibikukubonelela ngeengcali kwiPsychology, Psychiatry naseNeurology, kwezemfundo nakwicandelo lezabasebenzi kuvavanyo lwesizukulwana esitsha esinokufumana kuso uqikelelo lobukrelekrele ngokubanzi ngokukhawuleza, ngokuchanekileyo nangokuchanekileyo. Ukwenza oku, kwenziwe iinzame zokubonelela ngeempendulo ezisebenzayo kunye nezisombululo kwiimfuno zokuvavanya lo mba kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobungcali. Phakathi kwegalelo elifanelekileyo leMatriki kule njongo, oku kulandelayo kuyabonakala:

• Uqikelelo lobukrelekrele olusekwe kwisikhuthazo esingathethiyo
• Ububanzi obubanzi besicelo, kubandakanya izifundo eziphakathi kweminyaka emi-6 kunye ne-74, evumela umntu ukuba alandelwe ixesha elide kumjikelo wobomi babo kusetyenziswa uvavanyo olunye.
• Ifumana eyona nto iluncedo kakhulu kwindawo yokufaka iimvavanyo ukulungiselela iinjongo zemfundo, kuba sisixhobo sokuvavanya inkqubela phambili yomfundi, kuyo yonke imfundo yabo yesikolo.
• Sebenza ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo, ayilelwe ukulungela inqanaba lokuqina komzimba kumaqela ahlukeneyo ubudala. Imatriki ziphuhliswa kumanqanaba amathandathu, ayilelwe ukuvavanya abantwana besikolo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuzivelela kwengqondo.
• Uvavanyo olusekwe kwiMatrix lubonakaliswa ngokunikezela unxibelelwano oluqinisekileyo kwiziphumo, ezimisela ukuba imeko igcinwa kwisigqibo sovavanyo esichaza inqanaba lomntu, nokuba loluphi na uvavanyo olungenisiweyo.

Uvavanyo lwezinto

Into ye-G yenza ubugcisa obuphuculweyo ngenjongo yokusebenza njengenyathelo lobukrelekrele ngokubanzi, ekwenziweni kophando Ingqondo kubuchule bokuqonda komntu. Umahluko okhupha ulungelelwaniso oluqinisekileyo phakathi kwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokuqonda kwaye oko kubonisa ukuba abantu ababini banokuthelekiswa ngokusekwe kwindlela abaqhuba ngayo ekwenzeni umsebenzi, nokuba imeko yawo yahlukile kulowo nalowo.

Inqaku g lithatyathwe kwisixhobo seenkcukacha manani, esibizwa ngokuba luhlalutyo lwezinto, ekunokuthi ngokwamaqela okuguquguqukayo kubonakale kuseti lwezinto eziguquguqukayo, ezinobungakanani obungenakufikelelwa kumlinganiso. Ukusetyenziswa kolu lwakhiwo kwandisiwe yingcali yezengqondo yase-Bhritane u-Charles Spearman, owamisela njengeziseko zayo izinto ezimbini, eziqwalaselwa sisazi ngengqondo njengezigqibo zobukrelekrele babantu:

• Ukukwazi ukucinga ngokucacileyo kwiimeko ezinzima.
• Amandla okugcina kunye nokuvelisa kwakhona ulwazi.

Inqaku g limele ixabiso lokuqikelela elihlala lisisiseko esakhelwe kuso iimvavanyo zengqondo, kuba inenkcazo yokuchaza umahluko phakathi kwabantu. ekusebenzeni kweemvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo, ngaphandle komxholo wovavanyo.

Uvavanyo olungathethi ngomlomo

Ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwayo, uthotho lwamacwecwe angama-60 anemifanekiso ebonisiweyo ekufuneka itolikwe ngokuchanekileyo, ukuze kugqitywe ukulandelelana okubonisiweyo. Isebenza ngeepateni ekufuneka zichazwe ngumntu ovavanyiweyo. Ulwimi olubhaliweyo alusetyenziswanga, ke lunokumiliselwa kubantwana abangekakhuliBafunda izakhono zokufunda nokubhala.

Uvavanyo lokuvavanya amandla

Umthamo wokuziphatha uchazwa njengokukwazi ukukhupha ubudlelwane kunye nokunxibelelana kulwazi oluboniswe ngendlela engalungelelaniswanga kwaye engekho kwinkqubo. Uvavanyo lweRaven lilinganisela ukubanakho ukucacisa olo lwalamano lungabonakali ngokukhawuleza kumbukeli.

Ukuphuhliswa kobu buchule bunxulunyaniswa nobuchule bengqondo bokuthelekisa iimilo kunye nokuqiqa ngokufana, nenkululeko epheleleyo kulwazi olufunyenweyo, ibe yinto egqiba kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokusebenza kwengqondo.