Amagama enza unxibelelwano lwethu, nokuba kungomlomo okanye kubhaliwe. Ukuchaza nantoni na kwezi ndlela zimbini zikhankanyiweyo, sidibanisa amagama amaninzi akhokelela kwingxelo, isivakalisi okanye ibinzana esifuna ukutsho. Nangona kunjalo, siyenza kwifayile ye- indlela ecocekileyo Oko kwenza ukuba abo bamkela umyalezo wethu bakuqonde oko kuthethwayo.
Nangona izinto ezininzi zibonakala zinengqiqo kwaye zenziwa ngenxa yokuba kukholelwa ukuba kunjalo; Banesifundo esibonisa isizathu sendalo, imisebenzi kunye nezinye izinto eziphendula kubukho babo.
Le yimeko yamakhonkco athi, nangona siziqhelanisa nokuzisebenzisa, kodwa xa sizibuza ukuba ziyintoni, akukho mpendulo. Kwaye enkosi iinkalo zeelwimi Abaphelelanga nje ekuphathweni kwemithetho kuphela kodwa nasekufundeni nasekuhlalutyeni ulwimi, sinokwazi amagama athile entetho (abhaliweyo okanye athethwayo) esingahoywanga okanye ekholelwa ekubeni ayisebenzi.
Ngaphambi kokugxila kwinkcazo, umntu kufuneka aqonde ukuba yintoni imofim; eligama elo, likwabizwa ngokuba yimofimi okanye ithiyori "isuntswana legrama." Oku kuzalisekisa umsebenzi we-syntactic oquka umanyano lwamagama okanye izivakalisi nabanye, oko kukuthi, kunjalo igama elidibanisa izivakalisi ezibini okanye amagama.
Ukongeza, igama 'nexus' libonisa ngokwentsingiselo yalo "indibaniselwano" phakathi kwamacandelo amabini ahlukeneyo. Kufuneka iqatshelwe ukuba yinto okanye yinto eqhelekileyo Uqeqesho lweelwimi morphosyntactic kwaye hayi ngento eyaziwa ngokuba 'sisidibanisi seelwimi' esele ingena kwi-semantic-discursive.
Amakhonkco aya phambili, kwimifanekiso, efuna iikhonsepthi kunye nemigaqo yokudibanisa izimvo, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa ukudityaniswa nokulungelelaniswa kwamagama aliqela kwisivakalisi. Ngokuqhelekileyo la ngamagama amafutshane, nangona kunjalo, kunokuba kunjalo ukuba aqukethe ngaphezulu kwesinye.
Njengezinto ezininzi, ezi zinokuhlelwa okanye typologies eziphendula ngokwendlela yokusebenzisa. Kukho iqela lamakhonkco oqhagamshelwano ekuthiwa yi-copulative, disjunctive, inxamnye, ukuhambisa kunye nokuchaza amakhonkco.
Elinye iqela libizwa ngokuba likhonkco elingaphantsi kwaye koku kukho okungakumbi; kukho okwethutyana, imodareyitha, indawo, unobangela, ukulandelelana, ukuxhomekeka, okokugqibela, ukuthelekisa kunye nokuhambelana. Kodwa kule posi siya kuzikhawulela ekuchazeni ukuba zeziphi na izivunguvungu kwaye ziyintoni na.
Ziintoni amakhonkco ethutyana kwaye asebenza njani?
Apha ingababini amagama okanye izivakalisi esiza kuzimanya ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye hayi ngokuchanekileyo imeko yezulu kodwa ngowuphi umbuzo othi "nini?" Kwaye iyaphendulwa ngoku, ngaphambili okanye kwikamva.
Izihlomelo ezidibeneyo (xa, nje, ngelixa) kunye namabinzana adibeneyo (kwakamsinya nje, ngexesha, ngaphambi (kwelo), kuqala oko, emva (kwelo), ngelixesha, nanini na, nangoko, ngexesha elinye, Okwangoku) inokuthi ithathelwe indawo yile 'xa' iyeyona yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswayo zonxibelelwano. Nangona oku kuya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwayo.
Siza kwenza umzekelo, sidlulise izivakalisi ezibini ezahlukeneyo kunye nemibono yesibini ukuba ibe sisivakalisi esiphambili nesahlukileyo, ekuhambeni kwexesha:
"Uthathe umhlala phantsi endlini" kwaye "ilanga liphumile." Ukuba sifuna ezi zivakalisi zimbini zikwinye, sibeka nje 'nini' phakathi kwezi zimbini, into ke leyo eya kukhokelela “ekuphumeni kwakhe endlini ukuphuma kwelanga”.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ayisoloko ikhonkco lokwexeshana liya kuba phakathi kwezivakalisi zimbini okanye amagama, Kungenzeka ukuba kwasekuqaleni okanye esiphelweni kwaye ngale ndlela kufanelekile ukwenza i-caatat ukuba ikhonkco linokuba namagama amaninzi hayi elinye.
Umzekelo: "Ngelixesha sasidlala, umama wenza ukutya" / Sasidlala kwaye umama wenza ukutya ngaxeshanye
Zeziphi iintlobo ezikhoyo?
Kwelinye icala, le ikwanoluhlu lwangaphakathi noluncinci olubandakanya amakhonkco amathathu, ezo zangaphambili, ukufana kunye nokubuyela emva.
- Ngaphambili: zezi zibhekisa kwinto eyenzeke ngaphambi kwesinye isiganeko. Umzekelo: Okokuqala, ngaphambi, ngaphambi, ngaphambi, kuqala, phakathi kwabanye.
- Ngexesha elifanayo: Oku ngokwabo bathetha ngeziganeko ezibini ezenzeke ngexesha elinye. Imizekelo: Okwangoku, okwangoku, ngaxeshanye, phakathi kwabanye.
- Emva koko: Ngabo bajongana nesenzo esenzeke emva kwesinye. Imizekelo: Emva, emva koko, kamva, emva koko, phakathi kwabanye.
Imizekelo yonxibelelwano lwexeshana
- Xa satya, walala.
- Ndandihlamba xa watya.
- Kwaqala ukuna xa Bendiza kwam.
- Andindedwa xa Ungene ngaphandle kokunikeza saziso.
- Xa wayelele iingcongconi zamhlaba.
- Ngexesha Ndilolonge umzimba, ndimamele umculo.
- Wayesitya ngexesha elinye ngubani odlalayo.
- Ngaphambi Phuma, ndikuxelele into ekufuneka uyenzile
- Ndandibaleka ngokukhawuleza njengaye wakwazi ukuphuma endlwini.
- Ngaphambi ukutya bekulele.
Imizekelo kwiziqwenga zoncwadi
Ngokuyibonisa ngendlela elula ngezivakalisi ezimfutshane, kuyaqondakala, nangona kunjalo, asisoloko sinxibelelana ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngendlela efanayo sisebenzisa ukusebenzisa amakhonkco okomzuzwana.
Okulandelayo, siza kubalula abanye ababhali abathi kwizicatshulwa zabo zoncwadi basivumele ukuba siluxabise olu luqeqesho lweelwimi.
"UCarlos Argentino uzenze ngathi uyamangaliswa bubuhle bokufakwa kokukhanya andazi (apho, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ebesele esazi) kwaye wandixelela ngobukhali:
- Ukungalunganga kwinqanaba lakho kuya kufuneka uvume ukuba le ndawo ithelekiswa nolona fakelo lukhulu lweFlores.
Ndiphinde ndifunde, emva, amaphepha amane okanye amahlanu alo mbongo. (…) Wabagxeka kabukhali abagxeki; ke, enobungozi ngakumbi, ubalinganisa nabo bantu "abangenazo izinyithi ezixabisekileyo okanye oomatshini bokushicilela bomphunga, amatye okusila aqengqelekayo kunye neasidi yesulfuric yokwenza ubutyebi, kodwa ngubani onokubonisa abanye indawo yobuncwane.
-Borges, UAleph.
“Ilizwi ngelizwi, lixakene nengxaki yamagorha, lizivumela ukuba liye kwimifanekiso eyayilungelelanisiwe kwaye ifunyenwe umbala kunye nentshukumo, wabona intlanganiso yokugqibela kwikhabhathi yentaba. Okokuqala kwangena umfazi, ekrokrela; ngoku umthandi wayefika, ubuso bakhe buchotshozwe kukubethwa kwesebe. "
-Cortázar, Ukuqhubeka kweePaki.
Wambetha emqolo kwaye wahamba ngesantya, engakhange ajonge ngasemva ade afike kumda wencakuba yokugqibela. Emva koko wajika, ephakamisa umnqwazi wakhe ngasekunene. Kwaye yaba yinto yokugqibela eyabonwa ngabahlobo, xa babesihla endulini lo mntu wanyamalala. "
-Stelardo, UDon Julio.
Iinyani zokuziyolisa
Kubalulekile ukuzisa ukuba izinto zokwexeshana azisoloko okanye zimelwe ngendlela ebonakalayo njengezinxibelelanisi kwaye kolu hlobo lwamatyala, zingaphandle kwesivakalisi okanye uhlalutyo lwesivakalisi; ke baqala ukufezekisa umsebenzi wobumbano obizwa ngokuba kukuhambelana kwexesha.
Ukuhambelana kwexesha elingenanto ayisiyonto eyenziwayo ngaphandle komsebenzi we-syntactic okhankanywe apha ngasentla, owenziwayo okanye owenziweyo ibinzana lesibizo okanye ibinzana elingaphambili, eliphendula kwimeko ethile yexesha, indawo okanye imowudi kwisenzi esisincedisi.
Siza kushiya ngezantsi ezinye iziqwenga zoncwadi ezisebenza njengomzekelo ukukubeka kwimeko yoko kutyhilwayo.
Xa ii-cronopios zithatha uhambo, zifika kwiihotele zigcwele, oololiwe sele bemkile, kunetha kakhulu, kwaye iiteksi azifuni ukubathatha okanye zibiza amaxabiso aphezulu kakhulu. AbaseCronopiya abadimazeki kuba bakholelwa ngokuqinileyo ukuba ezi zinto zenzeka kuye wonke umntu, kwaye ngexesha lokulala bathi omnye komnye: "Sisixeko esihle, sesona sixeko sihle." Kwaye baphupha ubusuku bonke ukuba kukho amatheko amakhulu esixekweni kwaye bayamenywa. Ngosuku olulandelayo bavuka bonwabile, kwaye le yindlela abahamba ngayo.
ICortázar, Uhambo.
Ngenye imini, ngelixa u-Ananías kunye nenja etyheli kunye ne-prodigy e-skinny babelinde ubisi lwasekuseni kunye nomakhulu owayebambe ibunzi lakhe esangweni kwaye esenga, imazi yaphelelwa lubisi ngonaphakade.
UDelgado Aparaín, Kwaye ke u-Pambelé uzalwa kwaye akapheli.