Ibhayoloji ligama elinemvelaphi yesiGrike, intsingiselo yalo "isayensi yobomi", kwaye oku kuchazwa njengenzululwazi efunda izinto eziphilayo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, oko kukuthi, ngokwemvelaphi yazo, iipropathi, indaleko, ukukhula, ukuzala, phakathi kwabanye .
Fumanisa ukuba ngawaphi amasebe ebhayoloji
Le nzululwazi yahlulwe yangamasebe aliqela, iinkalo okanye amabakala okufunda, anokuhlelwa ngokwamaqela amabini: aphambili kunye nasesekondari. Eyokuqala zezi iiselfowuni, ulwandle kunye nemolekyuli yebhayoloji, ibhotani, i-ecology, ifiziksi, ifiziksi; Ngelixa ezisekondari kunye nabo banobudlelwane kunye nebhayoloji ukuya kwinqanaba elingaphantsi kunangaphambili.
Las amathuba emisebenzi yebhayoloji zibanzi kakhulu, kuba zinamasebe amaninzi okanye uqeqesho. Ngesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuba ubazi ukuba ufunda eyona khosi iphambili, ukuze ubalasele kwisebe elenza umdla.
Uqeqesho oluphambili lwebhayoloji
Ezi zikhankanywe apha ngasentla zezona khokelo ziphambili, esiza kuchaza ngokweenkcukacha apha ngezantsi, sithathela ingqalelo imiba enje ngamacandelo okufunda kunye namathuba emisebenzi.
Ibhayoloji yeseli
Kwaziwa njenge icytology, lisebe lebhayoloji eliqukethe uphononongo lwemisebenzi, ulwakhiwo, iipropathi kunye nonxibelelwano kwindalo ephuhliswa ziiseli. Oku kuzalwe kunye nemicroscope, kuba isinike ithuba lokujonga iiseli.
El isifundo sebhayoloji yeseli kubandakanya ukujongwa kweeseli kwinqanaba leemolekyuli, yiyo loo nto omabini amasebe aqhele ukudibaniswa. Ukongeza, kukho izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zokwenza olu phononongo, ezinje nge udonga lweseli, i-lysosomes, i-chloroplast, i-ribosomes, i-cell nucleus, i-cytoskeleton, phakathi kwabanye.
Ibhayoloji yolwandle
Elinye lamasebe e-biology ajolise ekufundeni izinto eziphilayo ezifumaneka kwizinto eziphilayo zaselwandle, kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke izinto zobomi baselwandle, ekwanoxanduva lokukhusela nokulondoloza. Ukongeza, ikwafunda ngeziganeko zebhayiloji kwezi ndawo ziphilayo kwaye zinokusebenzisa iisayensi ezahlukeneyo ukwenza izifundo ezibanzi kunye nezamazwe jikelele.
Imolekyuli yebhayoloji
Inxalenye yeendawo zokufunda ngebhayoloji, ezifunda izinto eziphilayo ngendlela yemolekyuli, okt iinkqubo okanye iziganeko ezizama ukucacisa ngokujonga iipropathi ze-macromolecular; ezihlala ziyi-nucleic acid (DNA) kunye neeproteni.
Zezityalo
Ibhekisa kwinzululwazi enento yokwenza nesifundo zizityalo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke izinto ezinokubakho, iinkqubo zokuvelisa kwakhona, ubudlelwane nabanye abantu, ukuhlelwa kwazo, phakathi kwabanye. Iintlobo eziqwalaselweyo nezifundwayo zezi izityalo, ifungi, ulwelwe kunye necyanobacteria. Ukongeza, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane amacandelo amabini oqeqesho, kuba kunokwenzeka ukufumana i-botany esetyenzisiweyo (isetyenziselwe iinjongo zetekhnoloji) kunye ne-botany emsulwa (ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngohlobo lwezinto ezifundwayo).
I-ecology
Phakathi iinkalo zebhayoloji singayifumana i-ecology, inzululwazi enjongo yayo ikukujonga ubudlelwane ezinabo izinto eziphilayo nendawo abahlala kuyo kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo; ukuba zezona zifundo ziphambili, ubuninzi kunye nokuhanjiswa okufanayo ngokuhambelana nokuhlangana kwezi zinto.
Ngendlela eshwankathelwe ngakumbi nangakumbi, ngokusisiseko i-ecology ifunda ngezinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezihlala kuzo.
UPhysology
Inxalenye yamasebe e-biology kuba inoxanduva lokufunda ukuba yintoni imisebenzi yezinto eziphilayo, ezinokuba ngumzimba wezilwanyana (apho kufakwe khona umntu) kunye nokutyala. Ukongeza, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane amanye amacandelo, anjengeeseli, ilungu, izicwili, ezonyango kunye nokuthelekisa.
Imfuza
Ijolise kwi ukufunda ngelifa lemvelo, Oko kukuthi, idluliselwa njani phakathi kwezizukulwana zezinto eziphilayo. Eli lelinye lawona masebe anamhlanje, apho ubukho bamanye amasebe anjengebhayoloji yeseli kunye ne-biochemistry ifunyenwe. Izinto eziphambili zokufunda ziyi-nucleic acid (i-DNA) kunye ne-RNA, apho le yokugqibela ibandakanya umthunywa, ukudluliselwa kunye ne-ribosomal.
Microbiology
Ibhekisa kwinzululwazi ejolise ekufundeni nasekuhlalutyeni iintsholongwane; ezi zizinto eziphilayo okanye "izinto eziphilayo" ezingabonakaliyo emehlweni abantu. Ezona microbes ziphambili, okt ezo zigxile kweli sebe ekufundeni, zezi iintsholongwane, ifungi kunye neentsholongwane; ngelixa ezinye izinto ezincinci zihlala zifundwa kolunye uqeqesho olufana neparasitology.
Zoology
Okokugqibela, sifumana Isebe lebhayoloji egxile ekufundeni izilwanyana nalapho kujongwa imiba eyahlukeneyo efana ne-morphology, i-physiology, isimilo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ezifanayo.
Amasebe esibini e-biology
Okokugqibela, sifumana ezinye iinkalo okanye amabakala okufunda ngebhayoloji enxulumene nayo, kodwa engafumanekiyo kwezona ziphambili njengoko zingamasebe aneenjongo ezithile. Phakathi kwazo kunokwenzeka ukufumana oku kulandelayo:
- Umzimba.
- IArachnology.
- Aerobiology.
- Biophysics.
- Uluhlu lwezinto eziphilayo.
- Astrobiology.
- Intsholongwane.
- Bioinformatics.
- Chorology
- Izifo.
- Unyango lwezinto eziphilayo.
- Indaleko yebhayoloji.
- IBhayoloji.
- Ibhayoloji yendalo esingqongileyo.
- IPhylogeny.
- Imigaqo yokuziphatha.
- Phytopathology.
- I-Phycology.
- Herpetology.
- Ugonyo.
- Imbali.
- Herpetology.
- Inctiology.
- Lemnology.
- Mycology.
- I-Ornithology.
- Paleontology.
- Oncology.
- Ingqondo.
- Izifo.
- IParasitology.
- Intlalontle.
- Inkolo.
- Intsholongwane.
- Ityhefu.
- Uqoqosho
Siyathemba ukuba ulwazi olunikezwe malunga namasebe ahlukeneyo e-biology sele ekwinqanaba lakho; Ukuba ufuna ukufaka igalelo kumxholo kwaye unemibuzo, ungalibali ukusishiya nezimvo kwaye siza kuphendula ngokukhawuleza.