Imvelaphi yobomi kwiplanethi yethu iyimfihlakalo yokuba kude kube ngoku ayikatyhilwa ngokuqinisekileyo kwaye kumashumi eminyaka igcwalisa abantu ngokungaqiniseki. izazinzulu ezivela kumacala amaninzi; Ngokuqinisekileyo zonke iithiyori zikhomba kubudala obungekho ngaphantsi kwesigidi se-3.5 seminyaka yeendlela zokuqala zobomi, besabelana ngombono wokuba ezi zibonakaliso zokuqala zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni zibonise uhlobo olusisiseko lophuhliso kunye nokunxibelelana.
Imiba eyahlukeneyo yenze abemi bokuqala behlabathi lethu ukuba baphumelele kwaye baphumelele, phakathi kwazo ezona ndlela zifanelekileyo zokuzala zivelileyo, ezixhaphake kakhulu namhlanje kwii-microorganisms kodwa zahluke mpela kwezo zezilwanyana ezinomqolo kunye neentlobo ezinkulu.
Le ndlela ikhethekileyo yokuvelisa kwakhona yile ukwahlukana okubini okanye ukungqubana kokubini, Apho ukudibana kwabantu ababini besini esahlukileyo akuyomfuneko ekwabelaneni ngama-chromosomes, kodwa umntu ofanayo we-unicellular uyakwazi ukubambelela. Apha ngezantsi siza kubonisa zonke iinkcukacha zokwahlulahlula phakathi, indlela yokuzala eqinisekisa ubukho bobomi ngoku.
Ukwahlula iiseli
Isiseko esisiseko esilawula ukuzala kwakhona ngokudibanisa into yokuba iseli nganye inokwahlulahlula ukuba yenze entsha, ngaloo ndlela inika indlela yokuvuselelwa kwezicubu eziyimfuneko ekusindisweni nasekuchumeni kohlobo.
Zombini kwifayile ye- ukuveliswa ngokwesondo njenge-asexual inkqubo yokwahlulwa kweseli ibalulekile kwaye iyimfuneko kakhulu kuba ukuba khange yenzeke ngekhe kubekho ndlela yokwenza umntu omtsha; Izinto eziguquguqukayo kakhulu ngamaxesha kunye neemeko apho ukwahlukana kweseli kwenzeka, ukusuka kwimizuzu elishumi ukuya kwiiveki kunokuthatha iseli ukwahlulahlula ngohlobo lwayo neemeko. I-Bipartition lelona candelo lisahlulo ngqo kuba iiseli ezimbini ze-stem ziyafana okanye ubuncinci zinepesenti ephezulu yobunye.
Zeziphi izinto eziphilayo ezisebenzisa ukwahlukahlukana?
Le ndlela yokuzala isetyenziswa ngokukodwa zii-micellicic dimensions, njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambilana, ebehlala kulo mhlaba wethu kwasekuqaleni kobomi; Phakathi kwezi zinto ziphilayo zezi:
Intsholongwane
Luhlobo lobomi olulawulwa ngeseli enye ezalisekisa imisebenzi yobomi efana nokuzalwa, ukukhula, ukondla, ukuzala nokuzala; Ezi seli zihlobo lweprokaryotic, okt ngaphandle kwe I-nucleus echaziweyo okanye amalungu omzimba. Ubungakanani bayo buncinci kwaye bunokwahluka phakathi kwe-0.5 kunye ne-5 microns kwiphiko lamaphiko; Iibhaktheriya zibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokubola kunye nakwi-metabolic cycles of compounds such as methane.
IArchaea
ii-microorganisms ezide zacingelwa ukuba ziluhlobo lweebhaktheriya ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo kunye nolwakhiwo, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha kuye kwagqitywa ukuba zezesizinda esahluke ngokupheleleyo kuba umgaqo wazo wokuzivelela kwezinto kunye ne-biology morphology yahlukile.
Igwele lokungqengqwa
Ziyi-fungi emile ngentonga enezakhiwo ze-eukaryotic kwiseli yazo. Yiyo kuphela umngundo onogwele ovelisa ngokuphinda-phindeneyo.
IProtozoon
Zizinto eziphilayo ezineseli enye ezikhula kakuhle kwi amanzi okanye okusingqongileyo okufumileyo, ngamarhamncwa okanye zii-autotrophs; Kufuneka iqatshelwe ukuba ayivelisi kuphela i-asexually, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha babelana ngezinto zemvelo kuhlobo lokuvelisa ngokwesondo.
Iindidi zokwahlulahlula phakathi
Oblique
Yenzeka ngokukodwa xa ulwahlulo lweseli luqala njengobude kwaye emva koko ludlulele kwinqanaba eliphakathi kwelide kunye nelinqamlezileyo, le modality inokwenzeka kwii-opalinids, ii-microorganism bayazuza ngokuhlala kwi amathumbu ezinye izilwanyana eziphila emanzini nasemanzini kunye neemollusk, ngeeseli ezikhethekileyo ezinee-nuclei ezininzi. IiOpalinids zinemiqolo ye-cilia, ethi izuze kolu hlobo lwesibini.
Umnqamlezo
Zenzeka kwezinye iiprotozoa ezimilise okweqanda, ezingaphantsi kwemicron ngobukhulu, kwaye ezinokukwazi ukondla iintsholongwane kunye nolwelwe Ukuveliswa ngokwesini kwenzeka xa isytoplasm sahlulahlulwa ngokungafaniyo kwi-axis spindle.
Longitudinal
Kwenzeka xa iseli lahlulahlula ixesha elide kunokuba litshintshe. Umzekelo ocacileyo weli candelo ziiflagellates ezinezakhiwo ibizwa ngokuba yi-flagella ngaphakathi komzimba wakho, uphawu lweeseli ze-eukaryotic.
Rhoqo
Luyahlulo olulinganayo lweseli, oluqinisekisa ukwenziwa kweeseli ezimbini ezilinganayo kunye neempawu ezifanayo, kufutshane nokuchaneka.
Ezinye iintlobo zokuveliswa kwakhona kwe-asexual
Ayisiyiyo kuphela into yokuba bipartition yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokwenza indalo entsha evela kwindawo yokujonga izinto, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokuphinda uvelise kwakhona ngemfuza ungumnikazi womntu lowoKule migca ilandelayo siza kubona abanye abakhuphisana ne-fission yokubini.
ICarthenogenesis
Yinkqubo apho iqanda okanye iseli lokuzala lingafuneki ukuba lichunyiswe ngokucacileyo ukuqala inqanaba lokukhula kunye nokwahlulwa kweseli okuya kunika ubomi komnye umntu. Olu hlobo lokuzala lubangelwa zizinto ezithile ezinje ngemijikelezo yehomoni, ixesha lokuma kunye nemozulu kwaye ibonakala kwiintlobo ezinje ngezinambuzane, amanye amacikilishe, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, nakwiintaka ezithile; kulo mjikelo, ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwama-chromosomes angamadoda kunokujongwa, kungenelele kuphuhliso lwemfuzo
IPolyembryony
Kwenzeka ikakhulu xa kwi-zygote okanye iseli ngenxa yokuzala ngokwesondo, ngaphezulu kwesinye kwisibeleko senziwe ngombulelo kwinto yokuba umbungu wokuqala uqhekezekile kubuninzi, oqinisekisa impumelelo yohlobo ngokungenelela okuncinci kwamadoda. Olu hlobo lokuvelisa luqwalaselwa ngokungathanga ngqo ngokwesondo kwaye lubonwa kwizinambuzane nakwizilwanyana ezincancisayo kubandakanya nabantu.
Uqhekeko
Isebenzisa izinto ezibizwa ngokuba zii-spores njengeendlela zokuvelisa kwakhona, eziyilelwe ngendlela yokuba zisasazeke zize zivelise okusingqongileyo, kuya kuxhomekeka iimeko ezichanekileyo zemozulu kunye nokufuma ukuba ezi spores zinakho ukwenza umntu omtsha.
Kwezinye izityalo, isikhunta, ulwelwe kunye neebhaktiriya olu hlobo lokuvelisa lubonakala rhoqo, kodwa ngakumbi kwizityalo inkqubo iba nomdla ngakumbi kuba zinokutshintsha ngaphandle kobunzima phakathi kwempova kunye nokuhluza.
Ukuqhekeka
Luhlobo lokuphinda uvelise kwakhona apho abantu abaziiseli ezininzi bazihlulahlula ngokwabo baba ziinxalenye ezininzi ezenza into entsha, nganye yezi zinto zinesiphumo zinakho ukugqibezela ukukhula okukhokelela kuguquko kumzimba othile. Imisundululu, i-starfish kunye neplanians yimizekelo ecacileyo yale ndlela yokuzala.