Yintoni ihipothalamus kwaye yintoni imisebenzi yayo?

Yeyona ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu kwingqondo njengoko inoxanduva lokulawula iincindi zamadlala ezikhutshelwe emzimbeni ngedlala lengqula, ikwanoxanduva lokucinga kunye nokufunda okuveliswa yingqondo.

Inkcazo kunye nemisebenzi 

Ihypothalamus inoxanduva lokucwangcisa indlela yokuziphatha komntu, utshintsho lobushushu bomzimba, kwaye ikwalawula ubundlongondlongo, ukuzala kwakhona kunye nokutya. Yifayile ye- rindawo yenyukliya ebekwe kwinxalenye esezantsi yethalamus kwaye yenziwe yinxalenye enkulu ye-diencephalon.

Yintoni imisebenzi yehypothalamus?

I-hypothalamus izalisekisa imisebenzi emininzi yomzimba njengokutya, nokuba kungamanzi okanye kuqinile, ukukhwelana, zonke iimvakalelo, ubundlongondlongo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini, ezo zibonakala ngokucacileyo zibonakala ngokucacileyo kwaye ezo zinemvakalelo.

Ukulamba

Iyakwazi ukumisela yonke into iimvakalelo ezibangelwa yindlala, Kwaye nezo zibakho emva kokutya, njengokuhlutha, zona zibonakaliswa kukulawula amanqanaba e-cholesterol, iswekile, i-triglycerides, phakathi kwabanye.

Iphupha

Isingqisho se-circadian esaziwa ngcono njengokuvuka kunye nokulala kulawulwa ngamalungu angasemva nangaphandle e-hypothalamus, anakho ukubalawula nokubalawula, ukuze umzimba ube nokuphumla okuhle, okuvelisa umthombo olungileyo wamandla. Ngosuku olulandelayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komzimba.

I-Emociones

Iimvakalelo umntu eziva ngathi ziveliswa luluhlu lwezinto zamachiza ezinendawo yazo yokuhlangana kwi idlala lehypothalamus, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neuropeptides okanye ii-neurohormones ezingumphumo womanyano lwezinye izinto ezaziwa ngokuba ziiamino acid kunye neepeptides, ngenxa yoku kuye kwathathelwa ingqalelo ukuba iimvakalelo ezinje ngomsindo, usizi, uvuyo, inkanuko yesini ivela kwihypothalamus, Ukuziva usemathandweni, phakathi kwabanye.

Ihypothalamus inolawulo, kwaye ilawula inkqubo ye-autonomic, ngempembelelo enayo kwingqondo yengqondo, ethathelwa ingqalelo njengommandla onoxanduva lokuthetha komzimba, unxibelelwano lufezekiswa ngokudibana kweenkqubo ezininzi ezithi zidityaniswe ngale ndlela, i-medial forebrain bundle, edibanisa i-trunk kunye ne-hypothalamus kumacala amabini, nakwindlela ye-rostral, ejoyina indawo ye-septal kunye ne-hypothalamus kunye neendawo zecortex yangaphambili.

temperatura

Zimbini iintlobo zehypothalamus, i-rostral okanye i-anterior, yonyango eyaziwa ngokuba yi-parasympathetic, kunye ne-caudal okanye i-posterior, ethi ngokwemiqathango yezonyango yaziwa njengemfesane, ethi inikwe imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo enxulumene neqondo lobushushu, ibe yi-parasympathetic leyo isasazekayo okanye ubushushu buyekisa, ngelixa umntu olungileyo ezinyamekele lawula ubushushu bomzimba Ukuze ihlale ihleli kwaye izinzile, ixhomekeke kulawulo lwamaxesha okubila kunye nenqanaba lokuphefumla.

Neuroanatomy

Ihypothalamus ibonakaliswa ngokuba yindawo yenyukliya ngokupheleleyo, yiyo loo nto ibandakanyiwe ukwenziwa kweenuclei ezininzi ezinombala ongwevu, ezinemida ethile, phakathi kwazo kunokukhankanywa oku kulandelayo.

• Umda osezantsi: Umgangatho ngowona mda usezantsi wale nto ubunjwe ngamalungu aliqela, phakathi kwawo kukho ii-mammillary tubercles, i-optic chiasm, ii-optic band kunye ne-pituitary stalk.
• Umda wokugqibela: Oku kubandakanya iipilisi zangaphakathi.
• Umda wangaphambili: i-lamina ye-supra-optic, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-terminal lamina
• Umda ongemva: ikwi-trigone, ethe ngendlela ethe ngqo, ikwinqwelomoya engaphambili kunasemva kweesifuba ezincancisayo.

Iindidi zeseli kwihypothalamus

Kwi-hypothalamus, kunokuchongwa iindidi ezimbini ze-neurons ezinokwazi ukufihla, eziza kuchazwa apha ngezantsi.

• IiMnnocellular neurons: Zithathwa njengokongezwa kwehypothalamus, ziyaziwa njengezona zininzi iiseli, ngenxa yezi ntlobo zimbini, zezona zinobukhulu obukhulu. Ezi zinakho ukuvelisa iihomoni zohlobo lwe-peptic, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-neuro-pituitary, le yinxalenye yovalo lwendawo apho kugalelwa khona igazi ligcinwe kwaye ligalelwe.
• Iiparvocellular neurons: zibonakaliswa ngokuba namandla okukhupha izinto zehypophysotropic ezaziwa ngcono njengeepeptide hormone ebekwe kwindawo yokuqala yokuphakama kwendawo, apho kukhuthazeka khona ezinye iihomoni zedlala, ezinoxanduva loku zihomoni ze-adenohypophysis, phakathi kwezi hormone ziqhelekileyo i-gonadotropin, iprolactin, kunye ne-thyrotropin-ekhupha iihormoni ukongeza ekukhuleni kwehomoni.

Ezi ntlobo zeeuron zikwanakho ukuvelisa iintlobo ezimbini ze-somatic nuclei, ezizezomhlaba kunye ne-supraoptic.

I-Neural nuclei 

Ngaphandle kwee-nuclei ezimbini ebezikhankanyiwe kudidi oludlulileyo, kukho ezinye iintlobo zezi, phakathi kwazo ezibaluleke kakhulu zezi zilandelayo.

• Isiseko se-Dorso-medial.
• I-Ventro-medial nucleus.
• Isiseko seMamillary.
• Ingqangi yangaphambili.
• I-Suprachiasmatic nucleus.
• Isiseko sokufunda.
• I-nuclei esecaleni.
• I-nucleus yangaphakathi ye-hypothalamic.
• I-posterior hypothalamic nucleus.

Nganye kwezi ineempawu ezahlukeneyo, ethi yenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni, ezinje ngemimiselo yeqondo lobushushu efana nokubanda okanye ubushushu, ukwanela, ukukhutshwa kwehomoni kunye nezinto, kunye nemisebenzi yovelwano kunye neparasympathetic, kubandakanya ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimemori nakwinkqubo yokubila, kunye neemvakalelo zendlala, uloyiko, umsindo nazo zonke iimvakalelo ezaziwayo.

IiHormone ezivelisiweyo

Eli lungu le-endocrine linemisebenzi emininzi elungileyo emzimbeni womntu, njengokukhutshwa kwezinto ezingavimbeliyo nezikhuthazayo egazini ukugcina ukuhamba kakuhle kolwelo lubalulekileyo, kunye nolawulo lobushushu balo, nangona Njengokudalwa kwee-neurohormone ezintsha ezimiselwe ukugcinwa emzimbeni, njenge-oxytocin kunye ne-antidiuretic hormone.