Mhlawumbi igama elithi "ukuthintitha" livakala liqhelekile kuwe kunegama elithi "dysphemia" kodwa enyanisweni asithethi ngento enye nangona abaninzi becinga njalo. Abanye ababhali bayithathela ingqalelo le ngxaki kunye nokuthintitha ukuba kufane, ngelixa ezinye iingcali zahlula ezi ngxaki zimbini zokuthetha.
IDysphemia bubunzima obuchaphazela ukukhula kwentetho. Xa umntu enengxaki kuyo, baphindaphinda igama okanye iisilabhili ezifanayo amaxesha amaninzi. Baziva ngathi "banamathele" phakathi kwamagama kwaye abanakho ukuya phambili. Oku kuvelisa ukungazithembi okuninzi kunye noxinzelelo lwentlalo. Kwakhona, iDysphemia nayo kubandakanya ikhefu le-spasmodic eliphazamisa ukuthetha ngokuqhelekileyo.
IDysphemia okanye ukuthintitha
IDysphemia sisifo sokuthetha esibandakanya ukuphindaphinda okungafunekiyo kwamagama nezandi. Ke ngoko, uninzi luyidibanisa nokuthintitha kunye nokungaphuhli kwinqanaba lokuthetha kwabantwana. Kodwa ngaba idysphemia kunye nokuthintelwa kuyafana?
Ukuthintitha kuhlala kubonakala kubantwana abakwiminyaka eyi-3. Ihlala inento yokwenza nemicimbi yophuhliso, yiyo loo nto isaziwa njengobuchwephesha bokukhula. Uthintelo lokukhula lubakho ngenxa yokuqiqa komntwana kusebenza ngokukhawuleza kunokwazi kwakhe ukuthetha ulwimi. Njengoko umntwana eqhubeka nokukhula, ingxaki iyahamba.
Nangona idysphemia ikwabizwa ngokuba kukuthintitha, ayipheli ngokuhamba kwexesha. Xa umntwana efikelela kwiminyaka emi-5 ubudala kwaye ubunzima bokuthetha buqhubeka, emva koko unokuba ne-dysphemia. Ukuyiqonda ngcono, masithethe ngazo zombini ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
IDysphemia
Kwimeko yayo yokuqala, I-dysphemia ivelisa utshintsho kwintetho kwinqanaba leemvakalelo kunye nokukwazi ukuthetha. Emva kwexesha, umntu ochaphazelekayo xa ebona iziphumo zengxaki yale ntetho kwindalo nakwizangqa zentlalo, uqala ukuziva engazithembanga kunye nokuzithemba okuphantsi. Umsebenzi wengqondo ubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukubiza amagama kuba umntu uye woyika okanye umnike uxinzelelo lwasentlalweni, ingxaki iya isiba mandundu.
Ukuthintitha
Ukuthintitha kwelinye icala kubhekisa kukuphindaphindwa kwamalungu kunye nezandi, kunye nokwandiswa kwazo. Kule meko, ukuphinda kunye nokuyeka ukuvela xa kukho ikhefu kwisingqi. Kuba ukuthintitha phantse kuhlala kunento yokwenza nokukhula kwentetho yomntwana, kuhlala kuyedwa. Ke ngoko, ngumntwana omnye kuphela kwabangama-1 ogcina ukuthintitha kwabo ngokuhamba kwexesha, ajike abe yi-dysphemia. Uninzi luyakwazi ukuloyisa ngexesha lokufikisa.
Iindidi zedysphemia
Nangona ezinye iingcali zithathela ingqalelo ukuthintitha kunye ne-dysphemia ziyafana, ngaphandle kokuba zinokungqinelana zahlukile njengoko zikhula ngokuhamba kwexesha kumntu ochaphazelekayo. Iimpawu ziyafana kodwa ubude bexesha bohlukile, ukuthintitha okwethutyana kunye nedysphemia yenzeka nasemva kokuba umntwana echaphazelekile. KUNYEKukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zedysphemia, ezi zilandelayo zaziwa kakhulu:
- Idysphemia yethoni. Olu hlobo lwe-dysphemia, lwenzeka xa ukuhamba kwentetho kuphazanyiswa zii-spasms. Ubuso bomntu buqinisa ukuqonda kwezi spasms kunye nobunzima obuzisiweyo kubo. Ukongeza, umntu one-tonal dysphemia akakwazi ukulawula kakuhle intshukumo yomhlathi.
- I-Clonal dysphemia. Yimeko yemfuza kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-clonal kuba amalungu ayaphindaphindwa ngaphambi kokuqala isivakalisi okanye xa uqhubeka nayo. Akukho xinzelelo lulula nangona i-spasms icothisa intetho.
- I-Tonalclonal okanye idysphemia exubekileyo. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo kwaye lwenzeka ngenxa yokudityaniswa kweentlobo ezimbini zangaphambili.
Izizathu
Ezinye zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ezinefuthe kwidysphemia zezi:
- Isini. Kwenzeka kakhulu kumadoda kunabasetyhini.
- Imfuza. Amawele avela kwiqanda elinye kunye nesidoda kunokwenzeka ngakumbi kunenye yamakhwenkwe ukuba abe nedysphemia. Ukuba amawele afanayo anengxaki yokuthetha, omnye umntwana uya kuba namathuba angama-77% okuba nawo.
- Iingcali zengqondo. Njengokuba abantwana beqala ukuthetha, kunokuba nzima kubo ukudibanisa intsingiselo kunye negama elibhaliweyo. Oku kuyakwenza ukuba kube nzima emntwaneni ukubiza igama kunye nokuphazamisa ukuthetha ngokutyibilikayo.
- Umonzakalo. Imeko engapheliyo okanye yexesha elide yoxinzelelo inokubangela idysphemia. Ukubeka uxinzelelo emntwaneni ukuba abize kakuhle kunokubuyela umva.
Iimpawu
Ihlala ibonakala kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi bomntwana kwaye ihlala ihambelana nolwimi oluthethiweyo, xa umntwana eqala ukwenza izivakalisi. Isigaba sokuqala sedysphemia sinokwenzeka kwiminyaka emithathu ubudala, nangona kunjalo Kule minyaka kukho ubunzima obuqhelekileyo bokuthetha ulwimi.
Kulapho, ukusukela kwiminyaka ye-5, xa i-episodic dysphemia ibonakala ngeziqendu zokuthintitha ezichaphazela ukuthetha ngokuchanekileyo komntwana. Ukuba emva kokuba umntwana eneminyaka eli-10 ubudala iqhubeka nale ngxaki emva koko ithathwa njenge-dysphemia esisigxina. Kuyimfuneko ukuqaphela iimpawu zokufuna uncedo olufanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza:
- Ukubonakaliswa kweelwimi. Ulwimi olungafunekiyo, intetho engahambelaniyo kunye nezivakalisi ezingaphelelanga. Ukusilela kolungelelwaniso phakathi kolwimi nengcinga.
- Ukubonakaliswa kokuziphatha. Uziva unxunguphalo kwaye ungazithembi kakhulu xa uthetha okanye unxibelelana nabanye abantu. Kuyimfuneko ukuba umntwana angaziva enyanzelekile ukuba athethe kuba oko kunokwandisa ingxaki.
- Ukubonakaliswa komzimba. Umntu ochaphazelekayo nge-dysphemia unokuba ne-tics ye-nervous, iimpendulo ze-psychogalvanic, i-spasms, i-hypertension, njl.
Unyango
Ukuba wena okanye abantwana bakho baneempawu zedysphemia, kungcono ukufuna uncedo kwiingcali ngokukhawuleza. Ingcali iya kuba noxanduva lokuseka isicwangciso sokunyanga nokukhusela ingxaki. Ngokubanzi, unyango luhlala lubandakanya ukudityaniswa kwezi ndlela zilandelayo:
- Unyango lwentetho
- Unyango lweengqondo
- Ukuphumla kwezihlunu
- Ulawulo lwezwi
- Ukulungiswa kwegama
Ngonyango olulungileyo rhoqo, intetho inokuphuculwa ngokubonakalayo, Kusenokwenzeka nokuba umntu angakwazi ukutyibilika kakuhle ngalo lonke ixesha, ngaphandle kwaxa enexhala okanye uvalo. Kubalulekile ukuba abantu abane-dysphemia baqwalasele, baxhase, kwaye baqonde kusapho nakwizihlobo zabo.