Imisebenzi kunye neempawu zeebhloko zoqoqosho

Xa kukho izivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe aliqela, ziyavumelana kwisivumelwano sorhwebo esixhamlisa onke amaqela abandakanyekayo, ukuphuhlisa inkunzi kunye notyalo-mali, ejongene nemiceli mingeni emininzi apho amacandelo ezoqoqosho achaphazelekayo.

Iibhloko zoqoqosho zinezibonelelo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga, kuba ngokunjalo nokwenza amathuba amashishini amatsha amazwe aphesheya kunye nonxibelelwano olukwinqanaba elifanayo, ikwadala impikiswano phakathi kwabantu abangavumelaniyo nefuthe elinokuthi lenze kumalungelo oluntu athile, kwaye nangokuchasene indlela eyiyo.

Ithetha ntoni ibhloko yezoqoqosho?

Oku kubhekisa kwiseti yamazwe avumayo ukwenza iqela elifuna inkululeko yoqoqosho, uphuhliso, kunye nekhonkco lezorhwebo apho iinkampani zinokukhetha khona ukuthengisa ngakumbi, ziphinde zavavanya uqoqosho lwazo.

Iindidi zeebhloko zoqoqosho

Iibhloko zoqoqosho zahlulwe zaziindidi ezininzi, ezihlelwa ngokokuhlanganiswa kwezorhwebo abanako, kananjalo ngezivumelwano ezimiselweyo, ezinokuchaphazela nemali esetyenziswa kumazwe aliqela, njenge-Euro, esetyenziswa kumazwe ahlukeneyo. yelizwekazi laseYurophu.

Izivumelwano zesiko

Oku kubhekisa kumanyano wolawulo lwamasiko kunye nokusetyenziswa kweerhafu kumazwe okanye kwiibhloko zoqoqosho ezingezizo ezokuzisebenzisa, ukomeleza amasiko amazwe aphakathi kwesivumelwano, kuze kuthi emva koko kuxhamle urhwebo olukhululekileyo phakathi kwamazwe ngokwawo.

Ezi ntlobo zezivumelwano zifuna ukuthintela urhwebo oluvela kwamanye amazwe, anokuba nomdla ekuthatheni inxaxheba ngenxa yokuba kukho ubushushu obugqithisileyo bezorhwebo, anokuchaphazeleka yimimiselo yamasiko esetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo leli qela.

Izivumelwano zokuncedisa kwezoqoqosho

Ezi njongo kukuvula ngakumbi iimarike zemveliso, basebenzisa izivumelwano zamazwe amabini ezibavumela ukuba bafumane ukuthengiswa ngakumbi, kunye nezithintelo ezimbalwa kwinqanaba leerhafu, ezivumela ukuthengiswa okungcono phakathi kwamazwe abandakanyekayo.

Kwi-Latin America kukho i-ALADI, yona “ngumbutho wokudityaniswa kweLatin American emele isakhelo esisemthethweni sentengiso phakathi kwamazwe aseLatin American, ekwakheni uqoqosho olunamandla ngakumbi kwinqanaba lelizwekazi.

Uluntu lwezoqoqosho

Imalunga nomanyano lwamazwe ukuba enze iziko elinye elilawula onke amasiko kunye neerhafu zamazwe aloo ndawo, ukwenza ibumbano lwezoqoqosho olumanyeneyo, kuba zisebenza kunye.

Uluntu lwaseYurophu lolona lufanelekileyo kolu hlobo, olugubungela ummandla omkhulu weli lizwekazi, kwanokudala imali esetyenziswa kuyo yonke imimandla ethatha inxaxheba. Olu luntu luye lwadlula kwinqanaba lezorhwebo, kwaye sele luqalisile ukuseka amaqhina ezopolitiko, achaphazela ukwenziwa kwezigqibo kwamazwe, okanye abo bawangenisayo.

Iindawo zorhwebo zasimahla

Ukuba lelinye lawona macandelo enza elona galelo lincinci kwinkqubela phambili yezoqoqosho, ethi isuse imiqobo ethile phakathi kwamazwe amabini okanye nangaphezulu, nangona ingawasusi onke, iyaqhubeka ukunceda amaqela omabini kwimeko yorhwebo kuphela.

Isekwe kutshintshiselwano lweemveliso kunye nezinto zomsebenzi phakathi kwamazwe ahambelanayo, kodwa iyaqhubeka nokugcina izithintelo zayo ngokwesiko ngokweqela lesithathu. Yenye yezo zingabonakalisi inkululeko yezoqoqosho kwiindawo zayo.

Umanyano lwezoqoqosho

Kulapho amazwe atyikityayo avumayo ukumanyana kungekuphela nje kumgangatho wezoqoqosho, kodwa nakwimeko yezopolitiko, evumela ukwenza umanyano lokuthembana okukhulu phakathi kwamaqela, abonelela ngamathuba emisebenzi kuluntu lwale mimandla mibini, kwaye aquka amazwe kwiimarike xa zizonke.

Xa kuthethwa ngokwezoqoqosho, kuthiwa olu hlobo lwebhloko yezoqoqosho lolona lunamandla, kuba alufuni nje kuphela ukuphucula uqoqosho kunye norhwebo phakathi kwamazwe athatha inxaxheba, kodwa likwasekwa nomanyano lwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho.

E-United States of America, olu hlobo lwesivumelwano lunokuqwalaselwa, apho amaziko alawula imithetho esetyenziswa kurhwebo ngokufanayo, kwaye imali esetyenziswa kuyo yonke loo ndawo yi-United States Dollar (i-USD), ebonisa ubunye kufezekisiwe kuloo nxalenye yelizwekazi laseMelika, ekwabizwa ngokuba lilizwekazi elitsha.

Izixhobo

Olunye lweempawu eziphambili zezi kukudityaniswa kwehlabathi, okuthetha ukukhula komanyano olukhoyo eluntwini phakathi kwamazwe awo ahlukeneyo, kuwo onke amanqanaba, anje ngenkcubeko, intlalontle, ezopolitiko kunye nokubaluleke kakhulu kunye nokuphambili kulo mba.

Imibutho yabasebenzi efezekiswa ziibhloko zoqoqosho inokugqitha kumanqanaba orhwebo, ifikelele kwezopolitiko kwaye ke isemthethweni, ukufumana injongo efanayo kuluntu oluhlanganisiweyo kwezi.

Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga kwiibhloko zoqoqosho

Oku kunezibonelelo ezilungileyo kakhulu kwimeko yezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko nezentlalo, kodwa kuba ayizizo zonke izinto ezinokuthi zigqibelele, inezinto ezingazingciyo ngabo bonke, kwaye ezichaphazela umgangatho wobomi babanye abantu, izilwanyana kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Inzuzo

1. Kuthatha uqoqosho ukuya kumanqanaba amazwe ngokudala iimarike zehlabathi ezithengisa kumanqanaba aphezulu kuneemarike zesizwe.
2. Entsha, iindlela ezisebenza ngokufezekileyo zonxibelelwano ziyenziwa kwaye zisetyenzisiwe, ezinjenge-intanethi, ezihlaziye zonke iindlela zonxibelelwano.
3. Kubandakanya ukukhula kweenkampani, kunye nokudityaniswa kwazo, ngenxa yenani elikhulu leemfuno ezenziweyo phakathi kwamazwe.
4. Iimarike ezintsha zamanye amazwe ziyenziwa kwaye, zona ezo sele zikhona zifuna ukuzihlaziya ukuze zikwazi ukukhuphisana kumanqanaba aphezulu afunekayo.
5. Ngenxa yonxibelelwano olukhulu lwamazwe aphumeleleyo, iinkcubeko zamanye amazwe zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.
6. Inzululwazi iguquka ngendlela engakholelekiyo, ngenxa yokuba ulingo ngakumbi nangakumbi lwenziwa phakathi kwamaziko avela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, besebenza kunye.
7. Imithetho ethile okanye imigaqo iyasuswa kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho kwihlabathi, ukuyinika inkululeko yokwenza.

Iingxaki

1. Ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ezinobungozi kwamanye amazwe apho izinto zawo zingaziwa ngokupheleleyo kunye nendlela ezinokuthi zibachaphazele ngayo.
2. Ukuthenga ngokugqithileyo, ngenxa yemveliso evelisa isidingo kubemi, nto leyo edala imfuno enkulu yemveliso ethile.
3. Inokuvelisa iimeko ezincinci ezichaphazela umgangatho wobomi babasebenzi ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lemveliso efunekayo kwezi marike.
4. Ngokunxulumene nokuthenga kakhulu, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo zinokunyamalala.
5. Abantu abangavumelaniyo nale migaqo, banokukhetha ukwaliwa ngokuqhankqalaza nakwimeko ezibaxiweyo ngokwenza ubugrogrisi.