Uluntu belusoloko lunomdla ngayo yonke into eyenzeka kwindawo eziyingqongileyo kwaye ukusukela oko kwaqala ukucinga, ukusebenza kweenkqubo ezenzeka mihla le kwimeko yoluntu kuye kwafundwa ngendlela ethile.Namhlanje uyibiza ngokuba yisayensi ukusukela oko kuthetha ukufundwa kunye nokuzama ukuqonda nantoni na ngenkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yindlela yesayensi.
Eyona njongo iphambili yesayensi kukufumana iimpendulo zezinto ezingaziwayo ezivela kuluntu nakwinkqubela phambili yobomi, ethi isebenze ekuphuculeni indlela yokuphila yabantu.
Ukwenza indlela yesayensi xa usenza uphando, kufuneka ubuze imibuzo eliqela kunye nemibuzo eyaziwa njengee-hypotheses kwicandelo lobungcali, apho kwenziwa khona ukuzama ukujonga ingxaki kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokujonga kude kufike Injongo eqhelekileyo sisisombululo kwingxaki.
Inzululwazi inempawu ezithile eziyimfuneko enkulu kakhulu ukuze zikwazi ukuqhuba inkqubo yesayensi enje ngophando, umzekelo, kuba iinkqubo kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi unesiphelo esihle kwizazinzulu, nokuba ziyintoni na.
Inzululwazi yinyani, inkqubo, ukuhlalutya, ukuqokelela, inkqubo, evulekileyo, eqinisekisiweyo, ngokubanzi, okwethutyana, kunye nobungcali. Zonke ezi zinto sele zikhankanyiwe ngaphambili zezona mpawu ziphambili kwaye kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo xa kusetyenziswa isayensi nakweyiphi na indawo.
Yintoni inzululwazi?
Inzululwazi iseti yeenkqubo ezi-odoloweyo zolwazi ezifuna ukufunda, ukutolika kunye nokuphanda ngeziganeko ezinokwenzeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobomi, ezinje ngezentlalo, ezendalo kunye nezinto ezingezizo.
Los Oososayensi ngabo bantu basebenzisa indlela yesayensi kuphando nakwizifundo zabo ukutolika nokusombulula iingxaki eziboniswa kusetyenziswa ii-hypotheses ukusombulula eyona ngxaki iphambili.
Kuthiwa ekuphela kwendlela umntu anokufumana ngayo ulwazi lwenzululwazi kukusetyenziswa kwezilingo kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwiindawo ezithile ngokungqongqo, ekufuneka zilungiswe kwaye zihlelwe ngokwemigaqo yayo echazayo ngeendlela ezimbini kuphela, ithiyori okanye ingcaciso. Emva kokwenza ezi zinto sele zikhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ii-hypotheses kunye neengxelo zeengxaki ziqala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zembono ukuze ziqale ngento enokuba yindlela yesayensi enjalo
Ngokusetyenziswa kwendlela yesayensi, imithetho eyahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zesikimu ezenza inzululwazi ibe luphawu kunye nabo bayisebenzisayo, izazinzulu, zenziwe.
Inzululwazi Ukuxhomekeka kakhulu ekucingeni kwezibakala ngokuqikelela ukuba into ethile okanye imeko inokuthi ichaphazele njani enye ukuze kuthathelwe ingqalelo zonke iziphumo ezinokubangelwa sisenzo sayo nayiphi na into okanye into ngexesha elithile, ukuqhuba uvavanyo lomzimba oluqhele ukwenziwa kuphando lwentsimi ukuze bakwazi ukuphikisa ukuba ithiyori okanye umthetho yinyani okanye yinkolelo nje engenasiseko.
Ulwahlulo lwezeNzululwazi
Inzululwazi yindlela yanamhlanje yokubiza izifundo kunye nophando olwenziwe kumacandelo ahlukeneyo kwimibuzo kunye neemfihlakalo ezikhoyo emhlabeni, kwaye oku kunokubonwa xa ubani ephanda kancinci kwimbali, egxile kwixesha lika-Aristotle.xa iGrisi yamandulo emi.
Ngaloo maxesha angaphambi kokuvuselelwa, izazinzulu babesaziwa ngegama elahluke kakhulu, elalingabakhonzakude, kwaye ngaba olo lwazi lwalungengobugcisa okanye ubugcisa bahlelwa njengefilosofi eyayilulwazi jikelele kuba yayithathwa njengegcweleyo.
UAristotle wayengumlingiswa obaluleke kakhulu kweli hlabathi, kwaye ngokwemiqathango yakhe, ulwazi lungahlulwa lube zizinto ezintathu zobugcisa, eziyimfundiso, ipraxis kunye ne poiesis.
- Ithiyori: Kuxa inyani ifunwa malunga nombono ngokugxila ekuyibekeni njengefom okanye njengesixhobo. Inzululwazi ezazibandakanyeka kolu hlobo lolwazi zezo zazinolwazi lolwazi, ezinje nge-metaphysics, mathematics, physics, phakathi kwabanye.
- umkhuba: lulwazi olusebenzayo olusetyenziselwa ukuqondisa izimo zengqondo kunye nenyani malunga nokuziphatha okufanelekileyo komntu, phakathi kwayo esinokuthi siqwalasele ezopolitiko, imigaqo yokuziphatha, uqoqosho, phakathi kwezinye izinto
- IPolisi: uninzi lwazo zonke ubona ubugcisa bobugcisa kolu hlobo lobugcisa, umculo, kunye nokuveliswa kwempahla ngezinto zokwakha.
Okwangoku, ukuhlelwa ngokulula nangokubanzi ngokubanzi kunokujongwa kunokuba kubandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi Kwisinye esinye sobukhulu obukhulu esinakho ukubeka kuyo uninzi lwezinto esele zikho, phakathi kwazo zenzululwazi yezentlalo, yendalo kunye nesemthethweni.
- Inzululwazi yezentlalo: Inzululwazi yesitayile ijolise njengenjongo ephambili yophando ebantwini nakwinto yonke enxulumene nendlela yabo yokuphila kunye nophuhliso lwabo.
- Inzululwazi yeNdalo: Kule nto ifuna ukuphanda kwaye ifundisise zonke izinto zendalo okanye ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe ngaphakathi kweli candelo, njengezinto, imeko-bume, kunye nendawo.
- Inzululwazi esesikweni: iinzululwazi ezisesikweni ziluhlobo lokufunda olwahluke kwaphela kwezangaphambili ngenxa yokuba zingenawo umxholo othile kuba zingeyonyani okanye zinamandla. Phakathi kwazo ungabona imathematics kunye nengcinga.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha inzululwazi ithathe amagama ahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zembono ezitshintshileyo ngokwendlela yempucuko kwaye ke ngenxa yokucinga kwabantu, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba utshintsho oluza kubakho luza kuqhubeka kwixesha elizayo. ingaba indlela esilibona ngayo ihlabathi namhlanje izakufana neminyaka engama-200 ukusukela ngoku.
Iimpawu zesayensi
Inzululwazi ineempawu ezithile ezizodwa ngayo, kwaye kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha ufuna ukwenza inkqubo apho ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yenzululwazi kufanelekile, kwaye ayinayo okanye ingenayo nayiphi na impawu Apha zizakuboniswa emva koko umbono wokuba isayensi iyasetyenziswa ngalo mzuzu othile kufuneka ulahlwe ngokupheleleyo.
Kukho iimpawu ezilishumi zenzululwazi ezichaza ngokugqibeleleyo, kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu izifundo zesayensi zihlala zihlala:
Vula
Kwizifundo bekusoloko kukho iinguqu kwaye kuyakuhlala kukhona, yiyo loo nto inzululwazi iya kuhlala ivulekile malunga nokutshintsha imida kunye nezithintelo kuba kanye njengokuba umhlaba utshintshile ukusuka kwixesha lika-Aristotle ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, unokuwuguqula. ikhulu leminyaka ukusukela ngoku.
Iqinisekisiwe
Indlela yesayensi ifuna kakhulu malunga nokuphunyezwa kwayo kunye nokusebenza kuyo nayiphi na intsimi, kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba kufuneka kubekho umahluko ngokubonisa kunye nokulinga ukuze umxholo wezenzululwazi ungqinisiswe.
Iyenyuka
Ithiyori zifana neendonga ezakhiwa kancinci kancinci kwiminyaka edlulileyo ngokufunyanwa kwamaqhekeza amatsha adibeneyo njengoko kuqhutywa izifundo ezitsha. Akukho datha ilahlwayo kwisayensi, yiyo loo nto kusithiwa iyanyuka.
Indlela yokwenza
Njengoko kusaziwa emva kokuba ulifundile inqaku, ukusebenzisa inzululwazi kubalulekile ukusebenzisa indlela yesayensi kuba kungenxa yale seti yolwazi olucwangcisiweyo ukuba inzululwazi ingaqhutywa ngendlela ehleliweyo kwaye egqibeleleyo, ngaphakathi kwento kunokwenzeka, kuba isayensi isekwe ikakhulu kulingo kunye nempazamo.
Yinyani
Ezi ntlobo zezifundo zibonakalisiwe kuba zihlala zisekwe kwiinyani ezibonwayo emva kophando okanye iimvavanyo eziqinisekileyo, kuba ukuba ibinokusekwa kuyo yonke into ethethwa kukucinga okulula, ngekhe ifikelele kwisigqibo esihambelanayo.
Ezizodwa
Kukho amasebe amaninzi enzululwazi afanelwe luphando oluphambili ngakumbi kwaye ngenxa yeso sizathu kuyafuneka ukuba kwenziwe ubuchwephesha kuba banokubamba umxholo omninzi wokuba kufundwe ngokubanzi kuba nzima ngakumbi.
Okwexeshana
Iingxelo ezenziwa emva kophando akufuneki zithathwe njengeziphumo zokugqibela kunye nekhonkrithi kuba inzululwazi ilungiselela okwethutyana, oko kuthetha ukuba ihlala ivulekile ukutshintsha.
Inkqubo
Inkqubo yolwazi lwenzululwazi zonke zinxibelelene zenza isiseko esimanyeneyo sayo yonke into eqokelelweyo. Enkosi ngale nkqubo kusenokwenzeka ukuba luyile uphando ngokupheleleyo.
Uhlalutyo
Kuphando, iingxaki zihlala ziqwalaselwa ekunzima ukuziqonda, ke ngoko uhlalutyo kufuneka lusetyenziswe njengesixhobo esiphambili sokwazi ukusebenzisa indlela yesayensi.
Jikelele
Emva kophando lweengxaki ngokwahlukeneyo, kwenziwa isishwankathelo ngazo zonke izisombululo ezinokubakho okanye iingcinga zokuqokelela lonke ulwazi ngendlela elungeleleneyo, kodwa into ebalulekileyo malunga noku ayilulo ulwazi olo, kodwa kukulenza ngokubanzi ukuze kuqondwe yintoni ebangela ingxaki.
Iimpawu zesayensi zizinto ezenza uphando lolu hlobo luqwalasele iinkqubo zesayensi, kwaye njengoko kunokubonwa, zilulwakhiwo ngokubanzi lweenkqubo ekufuneka zenziwe, kuba ukuba akukho nanye kwezi mpawu engalandelwanga xa kusenziwa inkqubo yesayensi, isenzo esihle sophando asizukuqhutywa.