I-French Revolution, eyaphawula ukuphela kwexesha lobukumkani eFrance; iimfazwe zehlabathi ezitshintshe ubudlelwane bezopolitiko, ezentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho kwihlabathi, inguquko yesini kwiminyaka ye-70. Yonke le yimizekelo yeenkqubo zentlalo esizibonileyo kwimbali yoluntu, apho sijonga isenzo esidibeneyo sokukhokelwa komntu. Ukophulwa komgaqo osele umiselwe, ukusekwa kwemithetho emitsha kunye neendlela zokuziphatha. Oku iguqulela kwiseti yenethiwekhi yokuziphatha, apho abantu ababandakanyekayo ekuhlaleni babandakanyeka khona. Ziyimijikelezo enezigaba ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso apho kwenzeka khona utshintsho.
Iinkqubo zentlalo zisekwe kwiindlela zokuziphatha ezibandakanya utshintsho, umntu usebenza phambili kwakhe ukuya kwimodeli efanelekileyo.
Umbutho njengento yenkqubo yentlalo
Abantu bahlala benxibelelana noontanga bethu, nangona kunjalo, ukungqinelana kwale nyani kuxhomekeke ekusekweni kweepateni ezilawula indima yethu neyabanye. Ngale ndlela uluntu lwalwenziwe, nto leyo ingeyiyo imeko yokunxibelelana esiyenzileyo ngenxa yeembono, iiparadigms kunye nemigaqo, kunye neempawu zayo ezinxulunyaniswa nemodeli engathandekiyo yomntu ngexesha elithile. Ukuvela kweempawu zomntu, zonxibelelwano, zizinto ezichazayo kuphuhliso lweenkqubo zentlalo, okanye zotshintsho. Umbutho uyahluka apho sijonga khona utshintsho olwenziwa ziinkqubo zentlalo, kwaye zenziwe ngezi zinto zilandelayo:
Imigaqo nemimiselo: Ziqulathe iseti yemithetho ethintela isimilo sokuziphatha kwiindawo ezithile, ezinokuthi okanye ezingabhengezwa kuxwebhu, okanye zibe yimicimbi yabantu, ehambelana nendawo abahlala kuyo, abaphatha ngokulula.
Ubudlelwane boluntu: Umbutho wakhelwe kubudlelwane boluntu, kwaye uhlengahlengiso olwenziwe kubume balo luxhomekeke kwindaleko kule ndawo (yona ngokwayo ibandakanya inkqubo yentlalo).
Abantu: Umntu, kunye neempawu zakhe ngokukodwa zimisela ukukhula kwakhe eluntwini. Apha kuchazwa ukubaluleka kobukho babo.
Izizathu: Yenza amandla aqhuba isenzo somntu ngamnye. Nazi izinto ozilindeleyo, iminqweno yakho, njl.
Iinkolelo: Ngaphambili, inkolelo evunywa ngamalungu eqela lentlalontle yamisela indima abayidlalayo kuyo, kunye nokwamkelwa okuzixelayo kuyo. Namhlanje lo mba awunakuthatha isigqibo, nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko unomda.
Ngoku, apha sijonga ukuba yintoni inkqubo yentlalo. Ngale nto siza kuyithathela ingqalelo, kwasekuqaleni, umntu ozimeleyo, enobuntu bakhe, ukuqonda kwakhe, amava kunye neempawu zakhe; ukuba umntu unoluvo lwenyani kwaye useka ubudlelwane nendalo yakhe. Sicinga ukuba iminyhadala yangaphandle inefuthe elibalulekileyo, elithe ngokuthe ngcembe liguqulelwe kwiinguqu kwiimpawu zomntu, eziguqula ubudlelwane noontanga babo. Kancinci kancinane imicimbi eyahlukeneyo yongezwa, de kube kwenzeka utshintsho kumbono kunye nesimo sengqondo sehlabathi, le nkqubo yotshintsho, eyenzeka kwinqanaba loluntu olukhulu, ichazwa njengenkqubo yentlalo.
Iimpawu ezichonga ukubakho kweenkqubo zentlalo:
Iinkqubo zentlalo ziziganeko zokwenza ngobuninzi, eziqhuma xa uluntu luthatha indawo eyahlukileyo ngokubhekisele kumxholo, umsitho, iqela okanye amava, kuxa isenzo sokutshintsha siqhutywa. Amacandelo ezentlalo anokujongana nosongelo lotshintsho ngendlela enobutshaba, kwaye oku kugqitywa luloyiko lokuchaphazeleka ngumyalelo omtsha.
- Indawo yokuqala ifumaneka xa unxibelelwano lwentlalo lukhula phantsi kweepateni eziphindaphindayo kubantu abohlukeneyo. Ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo zentlalo kunokuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Utshintsho lwembono, kumiselwa umxholo omtsha okanye umbono onokuthi ufumane uluvo lomntu, okanye kwiqela.
- Ukuphindwaphindwa kokunxibelelana kwezentlalo, xa loo mbono ungqinelana nabanye abantu, iipatheni zokuziphatha ziyaguqulwa.
- Iintshukumo ezidibeneyo, umbono omtsha ngokubhekisele kumsitho uvusa umnqweno emntwini ngenguqu yendlela, yiyo loo nto ikhupha izinto ezijolise ekufezekiseni iinjongo zazo.
- Inkqubo yotshintsho, xa iparadigm entsha ifikelele kubuninzi bezinto ezizimeleyo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba utshintsho lwenzekile
Ukuchongwa kwezinto kwiinkqubo zentlalo:
- Ubunyani kwezentlalo: ezibandakanya iimpawu, ubudlelwane kunye neparadigms zehlabathi ezibandakanya icandelo okanye iqela.
- Umntu: Njengomthathi-nxaxheba kwindalo esingqongileyo, uyakwazi ukwenza utshintsho, ngesimo sakhe sengqondo, ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zakhe, amava kunye nobudlelwane nokusingqongileyo.
- Ubudlelwane boluntu: Lunxibelelwano olwenzeka phakathi kwabantu abohlukeneyo.
- Izinto zangaphandle: Imicimbi yezopolitiko, eyimbali neyokusingqongileyo enokuba nefuthe ekusebenzeni komntu ngokukodwa, nanjengenxalenye yeqela lakhe.
- Impendulo kwizinto zangaphandle: Apha sijonga indlela okusingqongileyo kunye nemeko echaphazela ngayo ukuqonda okuhlangeneyo.
Unxibelelwano lwasentlalweni
Namhlanje kusasa, xa uphuma endlwini yakho usiya emsebenzini, ugijimele kummelwane wakho olayishe izinto ebezithengile emarikeni kwaye umbulisile ngobubele kwaye ubambe ucango ukulungiselela ukuhamba kwakhe, ungene emotweni yakho, kwaye apha endleleni Uthethelela abaqhubi abathathu abebethintela indlela yakho kwaye ukhuphe isandla sakho ngefestile ubonakalisa ukungabi namonde. Uye weza emsebenzini wakho wadibana noogxa bakho ukuba badibanise iprojekthi. Yonke le yimizekelo yokunxibelelana kwezentlalo kwemihla ngemihla, eyabeka isiseko sophuhliso lwentlalo. Igqityiwe ngophando kunye nokuqwalaselwa ukuba iarhente ye-causal yeenkqubo zentlalo kukuzivelela kokunxibelelana phakathi kwabantu abohlukeneyo:
U velwano: Inokusebenzisana okunomdla kunye nenyani yomnye umntu. Imalunga nokuqonda ubunyani bomnye umntu, obunokubangela ukuba umntu athathe amanyathelo ukuze ancede umntu abenovelwano kuye.
Ukudibana: Bubudlelwane obulula, apho amaqela achaphazelekayo afumana isibonelelo ekusekweni kwesivumelwano. Yintshukumo yokusebenzisana, kodwa isibonelelo asikho ngaphandle, kodwa endaweni yoko kukuba onke amaqela afumane ukwaneliseka ngokuthe ngqo.
Ukuchasana: Bubuhlobo bokuchasana nembono kunye nenyani yabantu besithathu. Sakha ubudlelwane bokuchasana kunye nokungqubana nabo basichasayo. Ubudlelwane bolu hlobo lwezo zinto zihlala zinamandla okwahlula i-odolo esekwe ngendlela enamandla.
Intsebenziswano: Lulwalamano lobambiswano, apho abantu abaninzi behlangana ukuze bafezekise iinjongo ezifanayo. Le nto inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nomxholo wokusebenzisana, apho isixa semizamo ebonakalayo siqhuba ngokulungileyo.
Ukhuphiswano: Imalunga nenkuthazo yokoyisa oontanga bethu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Imalunga nokulinganisa iinzame, ukuthatha amaqela esithathu njengendawo ekubhekiswa kuyo, endaweni yesiqu sakho. Xa kufikelelwa kumanqanaba angapheliyo, umntu unokukhulisa umnqweno wokugqwesa kwinqanaba eliphezulu, ukuya kwinqanaba lokuzijonga ngcono kunabanye.
Isenzo seenkqubo zentlalo
Ukuvela kweekhonsepthi, kwesi sivakalisi sinokubandakanya isiphumo esivelisiweyo sokwenziwa kwentshukumo yotshintsho kulo myalelo. Ngombulelo kubo, uluntu lukwazile ukuvela ngohlobo lwalo, luziqhelanisa neemfuno zomntu wanamhlanje, umntu onyamezelayo kwaye ogqibeleleyo malunga nemicimbi ethile.
Injongo elandelwa zezi ziganeko kukuphuhliswa koluntu oluye lwavela ngakumbi, apho ubudlelwane bemvisiswano buxhaphakile phakathi kwabantu. Uluntu olulungileyo, apho wonke umntu enobuntu bakhe anendawo yokwamkelwa.
Enkosi kwindaleko kwezentlalo, umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla wenziwa kwimeko ehambelana ngakumbi, ngokungqinelana neeparitha zembono ezilawulwayo, kuba, ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba amazwe afanelekileyo awaphumeleli, kwaye asebenza kuphela njengeeparameter zokuthelekisa, umntu, uya kuhlala sebenzela ukuphucula inkqubo engqonge wena.