Sisoloko sijonga ukuba kukho abantu abanezakhono ezithile, ezibavumela ukuba benze izinto, bafumane iimveliso kunye / okanye banike izisombululo kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo okanye iingxaki ebomini. Ngamnye uyenza ngokwahlukileyo, kwaye oku kuyakuxhomekeka kwindlela abo ubuchule. Ukuze wazi okungakumbi malunga nesi sihloko, sichaza kwinqaku elilandelayo ezinye iintlobo zobuchule eziphakanyiswe ngababhali abohlukeneyo kuloo ndawo.
Zeziphi iintlobo zobuchule bokuyila?
Ubuchule bungachazwa njengenkqubo apho abantu, ukusuka kwimvakalelo yokuphefumlelwa okuzenzekelayo, banakho ukuphuhlisa imveliso ethile; okanye ufike nje kwisisombululo kwimeko usebenzisa ulwazi lwakho kunye nezakhono.
Sisakhono esifundwe kakhulu, hayi kuphela kwimbono yengqondo, kodwa ikwabonelela ngokungapheliyo kwezicelo kwicandelo lezenzululwazi. Ngokuchanekileyo kwesi sizathu kuthathelwe ingqalelo njengenkqubo, imveliso kunye nomgangatho ovela kwimeko ethile apho umntu azifumana ekuyo; Ukongeza, njengophawu lobuntu olufanayo.
Oku kunokuhlelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokwababhali abohlukeneyo kunye neethiyori eziphakanyisiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku; kodwa ukusuka kwinqanaba ngokubanzi, zintathu iintlobo zobuchule ichazwe ngezantsi:
Ubuchule obuqhelekileyo
Inye apho kuvela iingcinga zokuhlalutya iimeko ezahlukeneyo, nokuzisombulula. Le yenye yezona zixabisekileyo kwicandelo lezabasebenzi, kuba yeyona ivelisa ukusebenza ngokukuko ngokunxulumene neendleko kunye nezibonelelo.
Ubuchule bokuhlola
Ubuchule bokuphonononga yenye yezo zimvo zivela zingadibananga nemfuno ethile okanye ingxaki. Nangona kunjalo, oku ayisosithintelo, kuba ukuba injongo yengcinga ibikukubonelela ngesisombululo, amathuba ahlukeneyo anokujongwa kwinkqubo. Kungoko kanye kwesi sizathu ukuba kuqinisekisiwe ukuba olu hlobo lokuyila luvuselela unxibelelwano lolwazi olunalo.
Ubuchule ngamathuba
Njengoko igama lisitsho, kule meko iinkqubo zobuchule zenziwa ngengozi, zikhokelela kwimveliso ezifunyenwe kakuhle. Umzekelo wolu hlobo lweemeko uqondwa ngabo baziwa ngokuba yi "serendipity".
Ubuchule ngokwababhali abahlukeneyo
Iindidi zobuchule ngokweMaslow
NgokukaMaslow, zimbini iintlobo zobuchule: ezokuqala kunye nezasesekondari. Zombini zithathwa njengezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, ezithi ngaphandle kokuqhutywa zizizathu ezahlukeneyo, ziphele zincedisana okanye zidityaniswe kwinkqubo enye.
Ubuchule bokuqala
Ubuchule bokuqala bokuyilwa buhambelana ngqo nenkqubo ye- ukhuthazo loyilo. Iphawuleka ngokungazenzisiyo kunye nokuphuculwa, kwaye ihlala iphuhliswa ngemihlali yeholide; Ngamanye amagama, ngumgangatho wendalo kunye nomgangatho othile kumntu ngamnye.
Ubuchule besibini
Ubuchule besekondari yenye yeenkqubo zempembelelo kunye nokudala ezenziwa ngendlela elawulwayo, ukuze kuvezwe imveliso ethile yokugqibela. Oku kuphawulwa ngokufuna iidosi ezinkulu zokulungiselela kunye nomzamo, ekusebenziseni ngokupheleleyo uqeqesho kunye nokuzinikezela.
2. Ubuchule ngokuya noJeff DeGraff
Kwelakhe icala, unjingalwazi kunye nomphandi uJeff DeGraff ukwahlula iintlobo ezintlanu zobuchule kwindawo yokuhlola: mimetic, analogue, bisociative, narrative kunye ne-intuitive.
Ukulinganisa
Ubuchule beMimetic buchazwa njengobuchule bokwenza kwinto esele ikho. Ngamanye amagama, into efunyenwe kule nkqubo iya kuba sisiphumo sokulingisa okanye ukukopa into esele isaziwa, ke inqanaba lobunzima lisezantsi kakhulu.
Isichazi "mimetic" sisuka kwigama elithi "mimesis", elisetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukuxelisa abanye. Le yenye yezona ntlobo zisisiseko zokuyila, kuba ayifuni kulungiswa kwaye inokuveliswa zizilwanyana. Ngapha koko, kwicandelo lezemfundo lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukukwazi ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo okanye ulwazi olufunyenwe kwisifundo esinye kwezinye.
Analog
Inye apho izimvo ezivelayo zisisiphumo see-analogies ezahlukeneyo, ezenziwe kulwalamano lolwazi olufunyenweyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuze uqonde ezo zinto zingaziwayo, umntu ngamnye uhlala kwiindawo azaziyo; Ngokuthelekisa ngokusekwe kufano kunye nezafobe, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukwetyise ulwazi olutsha.
Ukohlwaywa
La ubuchule bisociative Inye kuphela kukudityaniswa kweembono ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, ezikhokelela ekudalweni okanye kwisisombululo sento ethile. Ibonakaliswe ngokufudumala, ukuguquguquka kunye nokuhamba, amagama amathathu ahlanganiswe kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi-3F. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba i-bisociation iqhutywe ngentlanganiso yeengcamango ezahlukileyo, ezinokucwangciswa ngendlela enobuchule kwinqanaba elithile lenkqubo, eya kuba mnandi kumntu kwaye ivumele ukuhamba okufanayo isiphumo.
Ibali
Ibhekisa ngokukodwa kubuchule bomntu bokwenza amabali. Ukwenza oku, isebenzisa uqhagamshelo lwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezenza ibali, njengabalinganiswa, imeko-bume, izinto ezenziwayo, ixesha, uhlobo lombalisi, kunye nezixhobo ezithile ezinje ngengxoxo, inkcazo kunye nokuzilolonga kakuhle kwegrama.
Intsingiselo
Yenye apho izimvo ezivela khona zingasekelwanga kwimifanekiso esele ikho okanye kulwazi, kungoko zifuna indawo ebanzi yokukhupha.
Ubuchule obunobuchule ngumgangatho oluncedo kakhulu ukusombulula iingxaki, kuba ivumela ukuphuhlisa izimvo ngokusekwe kumgaqo wokuba imeko nganye inesisombululo, kunye nokusikelwa umda, okumangalisayo okusekwe kulwazi esele lukhona, akushiyiwanga kwaphela.
Le ngenye ye Iindidi zobuchule ezinokuvuselelwa okanye ziphuhliswe ngoqheliselo lokucamngca kunye neyoga, kuba zikhuthaza ukucocwa kwengqondo kwaye zivusa ukuqonda.
3. Ubuchule ngokukaEdward Taylor
U-Alfred Edward Taylor, kwelakhe icala, uveza iindlela ezintlanu apho ubuchule bubonakaliswa khona emntwini:
Iyacacisa
Inye ibonakalisa kwiminyaka yabo yokuqala yobomi, ke inezinto zokuzalwa, oko kukuthi, kubandakanya amandla omntu ngamnye. Kuvela kuyo ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ezinye izakhono zinokuphuhliswa.
Imveliso
Le yenye yeentlobo zobuchule bokwenza izinto ezaziwayo, kuba oko kuthetha ukuphuculwa kwezakhono eziya kwahlula umntu ngamnye.
Umqambi
Yenye apho imibono evelisiweyo ivela kusetyenziso lwamava kunye nolwazi esele lufunyenwe ngaphambili, ngendlela yoqobo.
Ezintsha
Ubuchule bokwenza izinto ezintsha buchazwa njengobubonakaliswa linqanaba eliphezulu lokutsalwa, elivumela ukulungiswa, ukuphucula okanye ukwenza inkqubo entsha kwisayensi nakwezobugcisa.
Ngxamisekileyo
NgokukaTaylor, ofana kakhulu nohlelo lukaDegraff, uthi ubuchule bokuvela yenye yezona zinzima, kuba oko kukhokelela kuphuhliso lwemigaqo-siseko, iziseko kunye nemibono. Ngokwendalo, ezi aziqondwa kakuhle ngamanye amanqanaba achaziweyo, kuba yahlulwe kwimifanekiso esetiweyo.
4. Ubuchule ngokukaJoy P. Guilford
Okokugqibela, uJoy P. Guilford ubonakalisa udidi olwahlukileyo lobuchule obuvela kuDegraff noTaylor.
IPhylogenetics
Ingaba lonto yi uphawu kunye nobuchule bokuyila kumntu ngamnye, kwaye oko kuyachazwa kwaye kuphuhliswe ngokuzimeleyo kuhlobo loqeqesho abalwenzileyo.
Inokwenzeka
Ngokusondelelene kakhulu ne-phylogenetics, yile ithathwe kubuchule okanye ubuchule bomntu ngamnye, obenza amandla abo. Ubuchule obunokubakho buvumela ubudlelwane bomntu nendalo esingqongileyo, kwaye ke, inguquko yayo.
Yinyani
Iyazibonakalisa ekupheleni kwenkqubo yokudala, ke inokuchazwa njengentetho okanye imveliso yayo. Inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nodidi lwe-kinetic.
Iikinetiki
Njengoko igama layo lisitsho, lithetha intshukumo. Ubuchule beKinetic buyinto ebonakalayo kwinkqubo yokuyila.
Njengoko bekunokwenzeka ukuba kuchazwe, inkqubo yokudala ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho (ngaphandle kwento yokuba ezi zinxulunyaniswa ikakhulu ne-hemisphere elungileyo yengqondo); eziphuhliswa ngendlela ethile emntwini ngamnye. Ukuqonda kunye nokuxhaphaza kwimfundo, umsebenzi okanye intsimi yobuqu kufuna ukuba kufundwe nzulu ngazo, kwaye kubalulekile ukubaluleka kokwenza iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinokwenziwa ngazo.