Ngaba onke amaphepha-ndaba anobume obufanayo?
Indlela esivelisa ngayo ulwazi: ulandelelwano, ifonti, izinto ezincedisayo, umbala, imifanekiso, njl.njl. Isigqibo sokusebenza kokuhanjiswa komyalezo, kwaye nangona sinako ukuseka iinxalenye zephepha-ndaba ngokubanzi, Inyaniso yeyokuba kunokubakho iyantlukwano kupapasho olunye ukuya kolunye oluchaza ubuntu babo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba awuzange ukhe ucinge malunga noku ngaphambili, nangona kunjalo, kuyathakazelisa ukuthatha ixesha ukukuhlalutya, kuba, kuwo nawuphi na umxholo, indlela ulwazi olunikezelwa ngayo ibalulekile kwimpumelelo yokukhutshwa komyalezo.
Unxibelelwano olubhaliweyo bubugcisa obugqwesileyo kubantu abambalwa, kuba kweli candelo asinazo izinto ezincedisayo ezinje ngeempawu kunye nezimbo, kwimeko yothetha eluthethwayo emele inkxaso exhasa kwaye inike amandla kumyalezo.
Umxholo kulwakhiwo lwamaphephandaba wenze utshintsho olukhulu, namhlanje sifumana imibala kunye nemifanekiso kumaphepha ayo. Kungenxa yokuba okwangoku kuyabonwa ukuba unxibelelwano olubonakalayo lubonelela ngoqiniseko olubalulekileyo, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi luyakwazi ukubamba ingqalelo yabantu, lunike impumelelo kupapasho.
Ukuyilwa kukaGutenberg koomatshini bokushicilela yaba sisiqalo ekusasazeni ubunzima bolwazi olubhaliweyo; Ngelixa amaRoma ngaphambili ayesebenze nopapasho olutsha olwaluhlawuliswe ukusasazwa kweendaba zikarhulumente, imveliso enkulu yaqala ngokuphuhliswa kwale nto. Nangona amaphepha-ndaba okuqala ayelula kubume bawo, engenanto yakwenza noshicilelo olwenziwe ngemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kunye nemifanekiso, iinjongo zabo zokuhambisa ulwazi zaphunyezwa kakuhle, kwaye ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kweemfazwe zombini, ulwazi olufihlakeleyo kwabelwana ngalo kupapasho lwe-anarchist. ukuvela kwamaqela amaninzi okuchasa.
Iindawo eziphambili zephephandaba
1. Uqweqwe
Ikwiphepha eliphambili, ke kuwo onke amalungu ephephandaba, indima yoku ibalulekile kuba ihlala iyinto etsala ingqalelo yomfundi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ezona ndaba zibalulekileyo zosuku zikhethwe ukuba zipapashwe "kwiphepha eliphambili".
Iphepha lokuqala lukhetho lweendaba ezilungileyo kuwo onke amacandelo, kwaye kufanele ukuba lenziwe ngendlela yokuba kuthi xa ujonga nje omnye umfundi afumane umbono wokuba yeyiphi eyona nto ibalulekileyo eyenzekileyo ngosuku kwaye kuqhubeka ntoni.ukufumaneka ngaphakathi kwiphephandaba.
Izihloko
Icandelo lephephandaba, elikwiphepha langaphambili, kwaye yile nto esivumela ukuba sichonge iphephandaba. Yenziwe zezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Igama lephephandaba.
- I-logo: ukuzoba okuchonga oko.
- Isaci: Ibinzana elichaza umgca wephepha-ndaba.
- Idatha: indawo kwintloko apho kukho ulwazi oluvela kwiphephandaba ngokwalo (idilesi, inombolo yomnxeba).
- Usuku lophuma.
- Iminyaka yokupapashwa kwephephandaba.
- Inombolo yokukhutshwa.
- Ixabiso.
Ifoto yosuku
Yiyo egcwalisa ibali eliphambili elihamba nomxholo wayo, isicatshulwa esihamba nefoto kunye neenjongo zazo ukunceda ukutolika intsingiselo yomfanekiso. Elinye icandelo lephephandaba elihlala kwindawo eqweqwe, ukuze lifake ingqalelo yomfundi.
Ifowuni
Ihlala ibekwe phezulu ephepheni, emacaleni ebhanile okanye ngaphezulu kwayo. Amanye amaphephandaba ayibeka phakathi kwentloko nolwazi. Iqukethe ibali elifutshane, elinokuthi kwiimeko ezininzi linikezelwe ngomfanekiso.
Isishwankathelo
Iqukethe ukuhlanganiswa kwamanqaku aya kufumaneka kumacandelo ephephandaba. Luhlobo lwesalathiso.
Iinqwelomoya
Bayabizwa kwiphepha lokuqala kulwazi oluphuhliswe ngaphakathi. Amanye amaphepha-ndaba abeka enye okanye ezimbini kwiradplane entloko, kumacala omabini omqondiso. Isicatshulwa esifutshane esibhalwe ngendlela eyenza ifuthe.
Publicidad
Inentengiso evela kubaxhasi, kwaye iphantse yahlala ibekwa emazantsi.
2. Amacandelo
Iqukethe ukwahlulwa ngokusekwe kudidi lolwazi oluchazwe kumanqaku. Ukujonga iindidi zeendaba ezinokuphathwa, udidi lwazo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela imvakalelo yokudideka kumfundi, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi ukubanceda bafumane iqela lezinto abanomdla kuzo (ayingabo bonke abantu abafunda wonke umxholo).
Iphephandaba liqulathe ngokomndilili iziqwenga zolwazi ezibandakanya imibhalo, iindaba kunye neengxelo; ukuba iikhrayitheriya azisetyenziswanga ukubonisa ulwazi, ukufundwa kwayo kungangxola kwaye uyilo lwayo alunakwenzeka.
Ngamafutshane, singatsho ukuba la macandelo ayalingana nezahluko zencwadi, kwaye yindlela elula yokuququzelela ulwazi ukuze lungalahli intsingiselo yalo.
Iinqobo zokuhlela
- Uhlobo lomfundi: Luqulathe uhlalutyo lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhuthaza ezinokubangela ukuba umntu aphonononge iphephandaba, ehambisa ulwazi ngendlela enokufikelela ngakumbi kwiindidi zoluntu ezahlukeneyo.
- Umxholo: Ufuna ukugcina i-homogeneity kulwazi olwenziweyo.
- Ubungakanani bokusasazwa: Cinga ngemeko ejikeleze upapasho (ngokwejografi, ezopolitiko kunye nembali)
Ukunikezelwa kolwazi
Kukho izifundo ezijolise ekuqinisekiseni indlela yesiqhelo abafundi abafunda ngayo iphephandaba. Nangona ngokwesiko bekujongwa ukuba indawo yokuqala apho umntu abeke khona ingqalelo ikwindawo ephezulu ekunene; Ngesi sizathu, okwangoku, kwelinye icala, iingcinga ezimbini ziphathwa:
- ISETYHULA ukufunda: Egcina ukuba ukufundwa kwephepha lokuqala kuyisetyhula, ukuqala kwikona ephezulu ngasekhohlo nokuhamba ngokwewotshi. Ke ngoko, ibali eliphambili libekwe kwikona ephezulu ngasekhohlo, kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yindawo ephambili ye-optic okanye indawo.
- Kufundwa "Z": Cinga ukuba indawo ephezulu inexabiso elikhulu kunale ingezantsi kwaye ekhohlo inexabiso elingaphezulu kwelasekunene. Yenza ulwahlulo lube zii-quadrants, eyona ibalulekileyo kukuba ngasekhohlo okuphezulu kunye nokuncinci, ngasezantsi ekunene. Ngenxa yoko, ngokwale ngcamango, umbono ufunda ngokulandela umkhondo wonobumba u-zeta (Z).
Ukubaluleka
Ukunikezelwa kweendaba ngendlela ehleliweyo kukhuthaza umfundi ukuba azifunde yedwa, nangona kunjalo, kwangaxeshanye iququzelela indawo ekuyo kwiphephandaba. Xa iphepha-ndaba sele lisekiwe, linendlela efanayo yokusingatha indlela elisebenza ngayo umbutho, nangona inokwenzeka ukuba ucwangco lwentetho okanye amahlelo ayashiyana, kodwa nje ukuba iphephandaba liseke ulwakhiwo, liyaligcina ukuze liqhele umfundi kwindawo ekhawulezayo yeendaba. Igama lecandelo ngalinye liyavela phezulu kumaphepha aqulathileyo, kwaye sinokufumanisa ukuba iphepha lokuqala lecandelo ngalinye lihlala linesihloko esikhulu.
3. Umzimba wephephandaba
Ibhloko leendaba ezenza upapasho yenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo kwiphephandaba, kuba zine "ntliziyo" yempapasho. Kunokuthiwa yenziwe ngamacandelo ayo.
Amacandelo enza umzimba wephephandaba:
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- Izimvo, amanqaku abalulekileyo ngezihloko ezinempikiswano ezinje ngezopolitiko kunye noqoqosho.
- lomhleli, Iqukethe ileta yomhleli echukumisa isihloko esichazayo.
- Iileta ezivela kubafundi, Iqukethe iileta ezibhalwe ngabasebenzisi zinokuba ngumbulelo okanye isicelo.
- Udliwanondlebe, amanqaku asekwe kubungqina.
- Ngamazwe, kubandakanya icandelo leendaba zamanye amazwe.
- Ezopolitiko, iindaba ezichaphazela imeko yezopolitiko yelizwe.
- Umbutho, Iindaba ngeziganeko zentlalo.
- Uqoqosho, Chaza izinto ezichaphazela icandelo loqoqosho nezemali.
- ezemidlalo, Iziphumo zobuntshatsheli, iitonamenti okanye ukhuphiswano kwibala lezemidlalo.
- Imiboniso, Iindaba nge cinema, ubugcisa kunye nomabonakude.
- Izibonelelo: Isimo sezulu, i-horoscope, izinto zokuzonwabisa, iziphumo ze-lottery, njl.
4. Uqweqwe olungasemva
Kubekwe kwiphepha lokugqibela, injongo yayo kukufezekisa ulwazi olunikezelwe kwiphepha lokuqala, ngokubandakanya izinto ezinento yokwenza nolwazi, uluvo kunye nentengiso.
Iinxalenye zephepha-ndaba ezihlala zibandakanya ingxelo, udliwanondlebe okanye ikholamu kunye nokukhanya okuthe kratya, okunokuthi ngamanye amaxesha kube yinto ehlekisayo kunye nokuhlekisayo kwithoni. ukuba eli phepha lokugqibela linamazinga aphezulu okufunda. Ngokubhekiselele kumxholo obonisiweyo, kwiimeko ezininzi iphepha lokugqibela liqokelela ulwazi lwasentlalweni, izihloko zothando okanye intengiso; kuba, kunye nesembozo, yenye yeendawo zeli phephandaba eyona nto ithimba ingqalelo yomfundi.
Amaphephandaba amaninzi athambekele ekubekeni intloko Ukuqaqambisa isibhengezo sephephandaba.