Isidingo sokwazi kunye nokufumanisa izinto ezintsha bezisoloko zikhona ebantwini, bekusoloko kukho into enobuchule enomdla esirhangqileyo nesishukumisela ukuba sazi ngakumbi nangakumbi. Oko kunokwenzeka kokwazi yonke into kunye nokufuna ukwazi yonke into lolunye lweempawu zokuba akufuneki zife, kungasasifanelanga nesakhono sokuhlanganisa kwigama elinye umxholo ontsokothileyo onika ubomi kwinto ethile.
Injalo imeko ye-Heuristics, intsingiselo yayo ye-etymological ibhekisa kwizenzi "fumana" okanye "qamba", kodwa kusekho okuninzi, kuvela ukuba kwihlabathi legrama eli gama linokuba sisibizo, nentsingiselo yalo kolu luhlu ibhekisele kwi ubugcisa okanye isayensi yokufumanisa. Unomdla hayi?
Ufundo
Eli gama lisuselwa kwisiGrike kwaye ngokusisiseko lithetha "ukufumana" kunye "nokuyila". Inokuba nokuhlelwa okubini ngaphakathi kwigrama, esinye sisichazi kunye nesinye sisibizo, zombini zisenentsingiselo efanayo. ejolise ekufumaneni.
I-Heuristics ngokubanzi ifuna ukwenza amaqhinga akhokela oku kufunyanwa, ngaphakathi kwendlela yokufundisa isetyenziswa kakuhle phantsi kwegama le indlela yobundlobongela, Ifuna ukumisela izicwangciso zophuhliso lokucinga ngelixa isebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya ukomeleza ukufunda ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno okanye ubuchule bokuziqhelanisa nomntwana.
Kwangolo hlobo lunye, i-heuristics luphawu abantu abanalo ngokwendalo, enkosi kuyo sinokuqonda imiyalezo yobomi njengobugcisa okanye isayensi, okanye inokuba njalo Njengento yoyilo efanayo umntu anayo ukudala izisombululo ezintsha.
Ngokutsho UGeorge PólyaI-heuristic inamava abandakanya ukusombulula iingxaki kunye nokubona indlela abanye abenza ngayo. Kulapho ke inokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo njengomsebenzi owenziwa ngokudibeneyo.
UGeorge Pólya ngumbhali wencwadi Ungayisombulula njani ekuqaleni Ungayisombulula njani, Apho iphakamisa inkqubo yenyathelo ngenyathelo yomsebenzisi funda ukuba ungazisebenzisa njani ii-heuristics ebomini bakho. Incwadi ibonisa la manyathelo alandelayo ngenyathelo ngenyathelo:
- Ukuba kunzima ukuqonda ingxaki, kufuneka uzobe ulwandlalo.
- Ukuba awusifumani isisombululo, unokwenza ngathi sele unaso kwaye uchaze into onokuyifumana kwisisombululo.
- Ukuba ingxaki ayibonakali, ungazama umzekelo wokomfuziselo.
- Zama ukujongana nengxaki jikelele kuqala.
Kwinjineli
Ngaphakathi kule sayensi, isigama sisetyenziswa njengeseti yeendlela ezisekwe kumava anokusetyenziswa njengoncedo ekusombululeni iingxaki ezithile.
Kwengqondo
Inxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nobuchule bokuyila kwaye kuye kwakho izindululo ezininzi zokuyikhusela ukuba ibe yiyo umthetho okhokela ukwenziwa kwezigqibo kwaye uchaze kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo lokuba abantu bangayisombulula njani ingxaki ngokufanelekileyo.
Isigama esithi singabonisa iindlela ezimfutshane zengqondo ukunciphisa inkqubo yokuqonda enokukhokelela kwingxaki ethile, yindlela efanelekileyo yokugcina izixhobo zengqondo.
Ukuqonda kancinane ngakumbi zeziphi izinto ezisisiseko ezichazwa lilifa lemveli njengesiqhelo sendlela esekwe kwimigaqo yayo, imigaqo kunye nezicwangciso njengeendlela zokufunda ezincedisayo, silucwangcisile ulwakhiwo lwalo ngokoku kulandelayo:
- Imigaqo ye-heuristic: Yenza iingcebiso zokufumana isisombululo ngokuthe ngqo, sebenzisa ii-analogies njengeendlela kunye neendlela zesisombululo.
- Imithetho yempilo: Zizo zonke iimpembelelo zenkqubo yokukhangela kwaye ngokubanzi ziyanceda ekufumaneni iindlela zokusombulula iingxaki.
- Iindlela zokuphila: Zizixhobo zombutho zeenkqubo zokusombulula ezinceda ukujongana nendlela eya kusombulula ingxaki.
Yeyiphi indlela yokuphila?
Sele sazi umxholo ochaza ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba yintoni malunga ne-heuristics emalunga nayo, kufuneka sifunde kwindlela ye-heuristic. Le ndlela izama phumeza umxholo weeuristics Ngokophando kunye neendlela zokusombulula iingxaki eziphakamisayo.
Ijolise kakhulu ekusombululeni iingxaki, ayisiyondlela elungiselelwe eqinisekisa iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo kodwa iyahlangabezana neenjongo ezicetywayo.
Ngokubanzi, indlela ye-heuristic iquka ukufaka amaqhinga okusombulula iingxaki ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezithile. Ngenxa yesakhono sayo sokubonelela ngesisombululo esonelisayo kwinkqubo yokuqonda, kunokuba yindlela yengqondo ukunciphisa umthwalo onzima wokuqonda.
Ngokukwanjalo, indlela yendlela yokuphila inezicwangciso zobuchule (ngokusekwe kumava), ukuziqhelanisa kunye inkqubo yokujonga Iinyani zinenjongo yokunika isisombululo esisebenzayo kwingxaki ethile.
Ngokwendawo ephakanyiswe ngu UGeorge Pólya en Ungayisombulula njani, sinokufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba inyathelo ngenyathelo linokubonwa njengokulula ukufezekisa kodwa kunokuba yeyona ngxaki iphambili ukuba abahlaliswanga kakuhle.
Ukubaluleka kwendlela yokuphila ngexesha lokufundisa
Indlela yokuphila isisiseko ekufundiseni inzululwazi enobunzima obuninzi eluntwini, injalo le mizekelo mibini iphakanyiswe ngaphambili, enje ngobunjineli kunye neengqondo.
Ngaphakathi kwengqondo kuyadingeka ukuba umfundi abe nazo kwaye asebenzise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza inkqubo yokufunda isebenze ngakumbi kwaye inentsingiselo.
Ngokunjalo, ngaphakathi kumagumbi okufundela kunyanzelekile ukuba izicwangciso ezisebenzisa esi sigama zivandlakanywe kwasebusaneni, ukusuka kumanqanaba aphantsi ukuya kulawo lifanelwe inkqubo yokuqonda ephezulu kakhulu; Ewe kunjalo, ukuhlala ngaphakathi kobuxhakaxhaka bokucombulula iingxaki ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubandakanya umzamo omkhulu wokuqonda, ubuncinci yinjongo yesayensi kuluntu.
Kwelinye icala, indlela yokujonga izinto kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba umfundi unakho ukuqhelana nendawo eyiyo Ungayisombulula njani, Lo mzekelo unokuba luncedo olukhulu ekwenzeni isicwangciso esisekwe kubuchule bakho bokuxazulula iingxaki kwangoko.
Iimpawu ezilungileyo zendlela yokuphila xa ufundisa
- Uyakwazi ukuphuhlisa imikhwa ephakamisa uphando phakathi kwabafundi.
- Yenza umkhwa wokuzazi.
- Ukuphuhlisa izakhono zokuzimela kumfundi.
- Njengoko inika amandla kwindalo, iqinisekisa inkqubo yokufunda eqinileyo nehlala ihleli.
- Yenza umfundi akhuthale.