Isijikelezi-langa sethu esihle sisiqoqo semimangaliso, nokuba yeyokwakha, yakudala neyangoku, okanye yendalo. Nokuba kukholelwa kweliphi ilizwe ukuba lenziwe ngendlela esazi ngayo namhlanje, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba le planethi inezona ndawo zintle, ezingazisi uvuyo kuphela kuluntu, kodwa zibalulekile ubomi bemihla ngemihla beentlobo zethu.
Iintlobo ezihlala kule mimandla, Nokuba zivela kubukumkani bezilwanyana okanye bezityalo, kunye nezinambuzane ezininzi, zizalisekisa imisebenzi ngaphandle kwayo ebesingenakuba yiyo.
Xa sibhekisa koku, kubalulekile ukuba sikhumbule ukuba yile nto kanye le nto imimandla yendalo imiselwe, igcinwa kwaye ikhuselwa kwihlabathi liphela.
Ngexesha elibonakala lihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye likhawuleza, kwaye apho kubonakala ngathi yonke imihla kufuneka ilahleko lwendalo ngenjongo yokuphila kwabantu, kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuyigcina le mimandla. Kule posi siza kufunda ngakumbi ngemimandla apho indalo igcinwe khona, ukuba singanceda njani ukuyigcina kunye nezinye izinto ezimbalwa. Lixesha lokuba uze necanteen yakho kunye noobhaka bakho bokuhamba, kuba siza kuhamba kuhambo lwendalo.
Yintoni le mimandla?
Imimandla yendalo iqondwa njengezithuba zomzimba kunye nejografi, ezimiswe yimeko kunye neempawu zazo ezifanayo, ezinjengeentyatyambo, izilwanyana, imozulu, phakathi kwezinye. Ngale ndlela sineengcinga ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngemozulu, i-hydrographic, i-edaphic, imimandla ye-phytogeographic, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi zisasazwa kwihlabathi liphela nangokubona kwelizwe abakulo.
Xa sithetha ngejografi, imimandla yendalo inokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezahlukeneyo, ngokwemiba eyahlukeneyo enjengeyantlukwano yendalo, umhlaba, isiqabu, indawo ngokwejografi phakathi kwezinye izinto. Ilizwe ngalinye okanye ingingqi inokuba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zale mimandla, ezohlula umhlaba wazo ngokweempawu zemozulu.
Nje ukuba ummandla wendalo unqunyulwe, kwaye ngakumbi ukuba ukwandiswa okubonakalayo, elinye lamanyathelo abalulekileyo ekufuneka uwathathile, nangaphezulu kweli xesha lethu, kukugcina ukugcinwa kwawo. Isenzo esilula sokunceda ukugcina indawo yendalo kwidolophu yethu, ilizwe okanye ilizwe, sinokwenza lukhulu kwindalo esihlala kuyo.
Iingcali zezendalo, kunye neengcali zezendalo ziye zanomdla omkhulu ekulondolozweni nasekuqondeni le mimandla, kwaye yonke imihla kuyaqondwa ngakumbi ngokubaluleka kwale mimandla, ngaphandle kwento yokuba ngokuthe ngcembe iya isiba mandundu, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule kufuneka zigcinwe. Masikhumbule ukuba xa kufikwa kwimimandla yendalo, asinalo uhlobo olunye kuphela olwaziwayo, kodwa kunokubakho iimeko ezahlukeneyo apho zikhona, kwaye uninzi lunokucuthwa ngaphakathi kwabanye.
Kuthetha ukuba kwenzeka kwimimandla yendalo
Xa sithetha ngale mimandla, asibhekiseli kuphela kwenye enokubakho kwindawo ethile kwaye ngexesha elithile, kodwa kunokubakho uninzi lwazo olusondelelene kakhulu, okanye ezinye phakathi kwezinye, kunjalo yendalo esingqongileyo yasemanzini exhomekeke kwimeko yendalo. Le mimandla yahlulahlulwe yaneentlobo zemidiya, ezizezi:
- Indawo enamanziIyahambelana neelwandle, iilwandle, imilambo, amachibi, amachibi kunye nemilambo. Iyaziwa ngokuba yindawo ebanzi enezinto ezininzi kunye nokwahluka kwezilwanyana ezikhoyo..
- Ubume bomhlaba: Ngamabala, amathafa, iintlambo kunye nezinye iindawo, apho iintyatyambo zihlala khona ngenkululeko enkulu; Yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuba ibekho kwaye igcinwe, kwaye izilwanyana ezikhoyo kuyo zityebile kwaye zahlukile.
- Isiqingatha phantsi komhlaba: Ibonakala ngokuba phantsi komhlaba kunye namatye. Nangona singenakuyibona, le yindawo yendalo, njengoko kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezihlala kuyo, ezinjengeemoleki kunye neembovane. Iintyatyambo ezikhula kule ndlela zibonakaliswa ngokungabinayo i-chlorophyll.
- Uhlobo lwe-Organic: Yinto efumaneka kwizinto eziphilayo, kwaye ingqamana neentsholongwane, ezinjengebhaktheriya, iiparasites nezinye. Banokwahluka okukhulu, kodwa hayi kakhulu ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kwendalo.
Iindidi zemimandla
Xa sithetha ngemimandla yendalo, sinokuziqonda kwaye sizicwangcise ngokweendidi ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla. Oku kwahlukile, kodwa singazidibanisa ngokwanelisayo ngaphandle kwesidingo somzamo omkhulu.
- Imimandla ye-OrographicI-Orographic ibizwa ngokuba yile mimandla emiselwe ngoncedo olukhulu. Ngokwesiqabu sayo sinokufumana:
- Imimandla esezintabeni: Le mimandla yeentaba kunye nemozulu ebandayo ifumaneka kwiindawo ezinje ngengingqi yeAndes, iiAlps, iHimalaya, iCaucasus, phakathi kwezinye.
- Imimandla ethafeni: njengoko igama layo lisitsho, bacaba kwaye bahlala luhlaza, banzi kwaye buzele bubomi. Zihambelana namathafa amakhulu aseMelika, iLos Llanos eVenezuela naseColombia, iLa Pampa eArgentina, ithafa lasePannonia eHungary, phakathi kwezinye.
- Imimandla yePlateauIyahambelana nemimandla enamatye kwaye kwezinye iimeko zentlango, apho kungabonakali zityalo zininzi kwaye nezilwanyana azifani. Singawubona lo mmandla eVenezuela Guiana, kwiiAndean Highlands, kwiCentral Table eMexico, phakathi kwabanye.
- Imimandla esezintabeniNjengoko igama layo libonisa, kule mimandla ubukhulu becala lomhlaba kunye nolungelelwaniso lomhlaba lubalasele. IMidlands eNgilane, iBelgian Ardennes, iiVosges zaseFrance, phakathi kwezinye.
- Imimandla yemozulu: Le mimandla yahlulahlulwe ngokwemeko yemozulu yendawo. Singayifumana kumazwe amaninzi abelana ngeendawo ezinobushushu, ezishushu, ezifumileyo, ezinemozulu ebandayo, phakathi kwabanye. Ezinye zazo ziya kuba:
- Ummandla wetropicalIme phakathi kweetropiki zombini, kwaye ibonakaliswa ngenxa yokuba imozulu yayo ifudumele kwaye ine-isothermal (inobushushu obuncinci unyaka wonke).
- Imimandla eshushu: Imozulu, njengoko igama layo lisitsho, ipholile, kwaye kuhlala kukho utyani oluqhelana kakuhle nezi mo zezulu; Iintlobo zezi zemozulu zihlala zineebhatyi ezivumela ukuba zifumane ubushushu obuyimfuneko.
- Imimandla esecaleni: Zezona zibanda kakhulu kuzo zonke, kwaye kuzo kukho uhlaza oluncinci okanye akukho, kuba zihlala zikwizinga lobushushu elingaphantsi kweqanda. Kule meko, iintlobo ezinenwele, iintsiba okanye amanqatha avumela ukuba zigcine imizimba yazo kubushushu zinokuphila, ukongeza kubhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ezinokuhlala kumkhenkce.
- Imimandla ye-Phytogeographic: Ezi zithathela ingqalelo ubukhulu bezityalo nezityalo ezikuloo ndawo.
- Amahlathi eConiferousZibekwe kwiindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo enemvula unyaka wonke. Zihambelana nenxalenye enkulu yeentaba.
- Ihlathi lentaba: Luphawu lweendawo ezishushu ehlotyeni kunye nengqele ebusika. Inengca eluhlaza kunye namatyholo.
- Khuhla: Yenzeka kwiindawo ezinemozulu eyomileyo nephantse ibe yintlango; Inezityalo ezincinci ezineengcambu ezinzulu kakhulu kunye nezirhubuluzi, iinyoka kunye neearachnids.
- Iishiti zebhedi: Ezi ndawo zinikwa ziindawo ezipholileyo ezineemvula zasehlotyeni. Utyani yingca de ibonwe ngamehlo kunye nemithi kunye namatyholo. Zininzi iintlobo ezaziwayo, ezinjengeenkomo kunye namahashe.
- Ummandla wolwandle: Oku kuqhelekile kwiindawo ezishushu, ezinemozulu eshushu kunye nemihlaba enesanti. Zininzi izityalo zaselwandle kunye neentlobo zeentlanzi, iimollusk kunye neecephalopods.
Masikhuseleni le mimandla
Imimandla yendalo ibalulekile ebomini njengoko siyazi, kuba iintlobo ezisondlayo, zisinceda kwaye zisinike ioksijini ezihlala kuzo. Kubalulekile ukuba sizazi ezi zinto ukuze singabanjiswa luxolo kwaye sivumele ubuhle bazo bunyamalale. Kufuneka sizikhathalele ezi ndawo ngokuzimisela kwethu okukhulu, ukuze ziqhubeke, kwixesha elizayo, ziyinxalenye yobomi bethu kunye nehlabathi lethu.