UThales waseMileto: igalelo kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi

Kukho iminikelo eliqela evela IThales yaseMileto nomdla omkhulu kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi ezikhoyo, ezazifuneka kolunye lwezona zinto zibalulekileyo zophuhliso; phakathi kwazo sifumana iminikelo kwi i-physics, i-astronomy, ifilosofi, imathematika nangaphezulu

Le ndoda yayingumGrike wamandulo (malunga neminyaka engama-500 ngaphambi koKrestu) owayesebenza njengewisi yowiso-mthetho kwidolophu yakowabo, wayezigqala njengengcali yezibalo, ifiziksi, isithandi sobulumko nesazijometri; eyayiyinxalenye ye "Izazi ezisixhenxe zaseGrisi", Iqela elenziwe ngabantu ababalulekileyo abangamaGrike abashiya ilifa kubemi.

Igalelo likaThales waseMileto kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi

Igalelo leThales linegalelo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yesayensi, njengendoda yokuqala ukusebenzisa uqikelelo lwenzululwazi, inegalelo elikhulu kwifilosofi yamaGrike nakwijometri, ifiziksi nakwimathematics. Isishwankathelo, siza kubona ezinye zegalelo lakhe elibalaseleyo.

Kucingwa ukuba UThales waseMileto wayengusosayensi wokuqala emhlabeni, kuba yeyokuqala eyaziwayo ukuba izame ukucacisa ukuba kutheni izinto zisenzeka ngendlela eyiyo nengqiqweni, enjengokudalwa kwendalo iphela, ngaphandle koothixo.

Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuqaqambisa njengegalelo lakhe eliphambili eluntwini inyani yokufuna ukwaphula imiqobo yexesha kwaye uhambe inyathelo apho, kuba enkosi kuye kamva oososayensi abaninzi bavela benomdla kunye nenjongo yokufumana iinkcazo ezisengqiqweni.

Omnye wemizekelo kunye negalelo lakhe kule ndawo yayikukudala ithiyori echaza ukuba umhlaba wawuthe tyaba kwaye udada emanzini, kuba izinto zendalo zixhomekeke kuwo ngandlela thile. Ngaphandle kokungaqiniseki, ikhredithi kufuneka inikwe injongo kaThales yokuzama Cacisa ngemvelaphi yendalo yonke okanye izinto eziyenzayo.

Igalelo leMathematika

Kwimathematika uThales wenza igalelo eliqela ngenxa yokufumanisa kwakhe, ekunokwenzeka ukuba kufumaneke kwi "Elements of Euclid".

Ukongeza, kuthiwa le sayensi sele isazi iziseko kunye nemigaqo eyahlukeneyo yejometri; kunye nelivo ekuthiwa unokubala ubungakanani beephiramidi (ukuphakama) enkosi kwizithunzi zazo.

Igalelo lefilosofi

Los igalelo likaThales waseMileto Kwinkalo yefilosofi, zibhekisa ikakhulu kwinjongo yesazinzulu ukucacisa izinto ezazimngqongile, Oko kukuthi, oko besesikukhankanyile ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, eminye imirhumo kule ndawo iyaziwa; Ingxaki kukuba akukho kubhalwa kunokukuqinisekisa, kodwa kuphela kukunikezelwa okwenziwe ngabanye abalinganiswa ebalini.

UThales ukwathathwa njengefilosofi yokuqala yaseNtshona. Nangona kunjalo, hayi ngendlela yokuziphatha okanye yokuziphatha njengefilosofi yamva, kodwa kunjeyinene yokufuna ukucacisa kunye nokuhlengahlengisa ngemvelaphi yendalo iphela kunye nokufunda kwendalo. Ke ngoko, izithandi zobulumko zexesha zazingama-physics ezazisebenzisa iingcinga zazo zefilosofi ithiyori, iqikelele kwaye ulinge.

Igalelo leenkwenkwezi

Ngokusekwe kwiziphumo, iThales ikwazile ukuqikelela ukubonakala kwe-Eclipse, yaba negalelo ekuhambeni nasekubaleni unyaka.

• UThales waxela kwangaphambili ukuba ukusithwa kwelanga kuya kwenzeka, kodwa ngelo xesha yayingenakwenzeka ngaphandle kolwazi olufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kucingelwa ukuba angaba nethamsanqa okanye akenzanga kubala ngokuchanekileyo, oko kukuthi, unokubonisa ukuba kuya kuvela ixesha elithile.
• Ekuhambeni, wacebisa oomatiloshe ukuba kwakulula kakhulu kwaye bacebisa ukuba bakhokele ngeBhele encinci, endaweni kaMajor, njengoko babeqhele ukwenza iminyaka.
• Wayengumntu wokuqala ukufumanisa ukuba ubude bonyaka bude kangakanani.

Igalelo likaThales waseMileto eluntwini ngaphambi nasemva kukaKrestu lalibaluleke kakhulu, kuba njengoko sibonile emnyango, wenza indlela yakhe eNtshona emabaleni apho wazibhaptiza khona, kwaye wayephethe uqeqesho lwabafundi kunye umdla ofanayo "kwiSikolo seMileto", apho kwavela khona abalinganiswa abaziwa njenge Anaximenes y Anaximander.