Ngaba wakha weva ukuba ithini ingxoxo yegunya? Mhlawumbi unayo, kodwa ubungazi ukuba yintoni kanye kanye. Emva koko, siza kuchaza ukuba yintoni ingxoxo yegunya ukuze uyiqonde kwixesha elizayo xa uphambi komnye wabo.
Impikiswano
En pocas palabras, Inqaku lempikiswano kukweyisela umfundi ukuba ibango lakho lifanelekile. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngobungqina obunamandla kumzamo wokuqinisekisa umfundi ukuba ibango liyinyani ngokuqinisekileyo. Ngenye indlela, impikiswano inokusekwa kwimigaqo eyamkelweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwengcinga yokuqinisekisa umfundi ukuba ibango kufuneka lamkelwe.
Indlela yesithathu yokuqinisekisa umfundi ukuxhomekeka kwigunya ukuxhasa ibango. Oku kungathatha uhlobo lokuxhomekeka kuluvo lweengcali ukongeza ubunzima kwibango lakho, okanye kunokuxhomekeka kumthombo onegunya wolwazi.
Umzekelo olungileyo wengxoxo evela kwigunya unokufunyanwa kwimpikiswano esemthethweni. Amagqwetha anokuxhomekeka kwigunya lomthetho ngokusekwe kwimimiselo okanye izigqibo zenkundla kwaye iingxelo ezenziwe ngabagwebi ngexesha lokugweba amatyala.
ENgilani, umzekelo, izigqibo zokugweba zinegunya ngokufundisa kwangaphambili. Oku kuthetha ukuba isigqibo esenziwe yiNkundla ePhakamileyo (eyayisakuba yiNdlu yeeNkosi) uthathwa njengomthombo ogunyazisiweyo womthetho kwaye unokuthenjwa kamva xa usenza amabango malunga nomthetho.
Ukuqhubeka nomzekelo womthetho, ijaji inokukhupha i-obiter dictum enegunya elingaphantsi kwesigqibo sezomthetho kunye nokuxhasa ukuqiqa (ratio decidendi). Isenokusetyenziswa kwimpikiswano evela kwigunya, kodwa ayisiyonyani ukuxhasa ibango njengesizathu esigqibeleleyo.
Ijaji enye inokwenza ingxelo ngaphandle kwenkundla. Kwakhona, oku kunokusetyenziswa njengenxalenye yempikiswano evela kwigunya, kodwa kuthwala ubunzima obuncinci bokucenga ngaphezu kwe-obiter okanye ubudlelwane.
Oku kubonisa ukuba amandla eengxoxo zegunya axhomekeke kubunzima begunya. Okugunyazisa ngakumbi lo mthombo, kokukhona kuyinyanzela ingxoxo. Oku akusebenzi kwimpikiswano yezomthetho kuphela, kodwa kuyo nayiphi na impikiswano exhomekeke kwigunya endaweni yobungqina obusengqiqweni okanye obunobungqina obuxhasa ibango.
Ukuqukumbela eli nqaku, ibango linokuxhaswa ngokuxhomekeka kwigunya, elibandakanya iingcali njengemithombo egunyazisiweyo yezimvo. Ngokubalulekileyo, ukomelela kwempikiswano kuya kuxhomekeka kubunzima begunya.
Ngalo lonke ixesha zama ukusebenzisa owona mthombo ufumanekayo kwaye, apho kunokwenzeka, buyisela ingxoxo yakho ngobungqina obunamandla nobusengqiqweni. Ngale ndlela uya kuhlala unyanisekile kwiingxoxo zakho.
Ubuxoki kunye neengxoxo ezivela kwigunya
Ubuxoki obusemthethweni apho kuphikiswa ukuba ngenxa yokuba igunya elaziwayo (okanye amanani) akholelwa ukuba isindululo (esifanelekileyo kwigunya labo) siyinyani, eso sindululo kufuneka siyinyani. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba sisibheno kwigunya okanye kwingxoxo evela kwigunya (njengoko kuchaziwe kwimihlathi engaphambili).
Olu buxoki lwenzeka xa umntu uY ebanga ukuba umntu u-X unamava kwisifundo esisesandleni. Ke ngoko, nabani na okholwayo ngu-X yinyaniso. Ngenye indlela, oku kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu u-Y uthi uligunya, ke nabani na okholelwa ukuba uyinyani.
Le mpazamo inokuba nzima ukuyiphepha kuba sinesizathu esihle sokukholelwa kwigunya okanye amanani eengcali. Rhoqo, abasemagunyeni benza amabango afanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ubunyani bempikiswano abunanto yakwenza nomntu owenza ibango.
Iingxoxo kufuneka zisekwe kubungqina. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaxesha apho ukusetyenziswa kwegunya kungaphambuki. Abazali bahlala besebenzisa igunya labo ukweyisela abantwana ukuba baziphathe kakuhle. Impendulo yeklasikhi, "kuba benditshilo", kwimibuzo eyenziwa ngumntwana, ngandlela thile, impikiswano evela kwigunya. Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba abazali benza into engalunganga? Ngaba sifuna abazali babonise abantwana babo ukuba kuyingozi ukufaka iiminwe zabo kwindawo yombane? Hayi, ukusebenzisa igunya kwiimeko ezinje kuqinisekisiwe. Xa uthetha ngesayensi, nangona kunjalo, oku kulandelayo kufuneka kugcinwe engqondweni.
Uhlobo olusengqiqweni
Ukuba umntu unamagunya kwisihloko, amabango abo kwesi sihloko ayinyani.
Igunya, A, liqinisekisa ukuba isindululo P siyinyani.
I-P ingaphakathi komxholo onegunya A.
Ke ngoko, i-P iyinyani.
Imizekelo yengxoxo evela kwigunya
- Ezi zifinyezo zilandelayo zisetyenziswa kule mizekelo ingezantsi:
- PN = Isiseko se-nth se-N = 1,2,3,…. (umzekelo, iP1 sisiseko sokuqala, i-P2 sisiseko sesibini, njl.
- C = Isiphelo
Imizekelo enendawo
- I-Q1: UAlbert Einstein wayeyingcali yefiziki.
- P2: Weza nethiyori yolwalamano.
- C: Ke ngoko, ithiyori yobudlelwane iyinyani.
Ingcaciso: Ngelixa u-Einstein wayeyingcali ye-physicist, ephumelela uNobel ngomsebenzi wakhe kwifoto ye-photoelectric, akufuneki sikholelwe into kuba esithi iyinyani. Kukho izizathu zokukholelwa ukuba uEinstein wayenyanisile: ithiyori yakhe ichaza indlela uMercury ojikeleza ngayo, ukusebenza kweenkqubo zeGPS, kunye namaza omxhuzulane aye abonwa [1, 2, 3]. Zonke ezi zizathu ziqinisekisa inkxaso yolwalamano ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwigunya lika-Einstein.
Kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukuqonda xa umntu esebenzisa igunya njengesiseko sempikiswano. Ukunyaniseka kwegunya kungabonelela ngezizathu ezifanelekileyo zokukholelwa amabango, kodwa akufuneki kujongwe njengengxoxo esebenzayo ngokupheleleyo.
Iingxelo ezenziwe ngabasemagunyeni mazisetyenziswe njengendlela yokujolisa ingqalelo yethu ngelixa sisenza uphando lwethu, njengoko zinokusinceda sikhombe idatha efanelekileyo. Iingxoxo apho isiphelo sisekwe kumabango egunya asisebenzi kwaye kufuneka siyaliwe, ekwabandakanya iingxoxo zakho. Ukuba unomdla kwifilosofi yokucinga okunzuluKunyanzelekile ukuba ujonge ezakho iingxoxo ngokucokisekileyo njengoko ubuya kwenza impikiswano.