Yeyiphi indlela yokunyanzelwa kunye nokutsala?

Eli nqaku lifuna ukuqonda phakathi kwendlela yokuqhubela phambili kunye nendlela yokutsala, ngezi zicwangciso zophando esinokufikelela kuzo izigqibo ezifanelekileyo eziqhuba ukufunda.

Ngale mizekelo mibini yemfundo, sinokugubungela uhlalutyo ukusuka kwisihloko ngokubanzi ukuya kwesinye. Eli nqaku lilungele nawuphi na umntu ophandayo, onomdla kunye nohlalutyo ofuna ukwazi iikhonsepthi zezi ndlela zimbini.

Yeyiphi indlela yokunyanzela?

Kule ndlela yokuphanda, indawo sisiseko sokuqukumbela, ukuze kufunyanwe isiphumo sokugqibela esisekwe kuphando lwendlela yokunyanzelisa, kubalulekile ukuba nezinto ezinokukhawulezisa uhlalutyo njengezakhiwo. Isiphelo sikhuselekile kuba sisekwe kubungqina obunokwenzeka.

Ngaphakathi kweentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo, sifumana umxholo ohlanganisa yonke imigaqo-siseko de kube sinokufikelela ekuqwalaseleni okuthile, ingxaki okanye into ephantsi kwesifundo.

Kwelinye icala, ukwenza uphando ngokusekwe kwindlela yokuqhubela phambili, kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukileyo zohlalutyo ezingashiyi naluphi na uphawu olumisela ubume bengxaki, ngenxa yoku, isuka kwezona ngcamango ngokubanzi iye kwezona enye.

Le ndlela iphinda isetyenziswe rhoqo yindlela yesayensi, ukudala amathuba okuchaza i-hypothesis kunye nokuchaza iingcamango.

Iindidi zokuqiqa okunyanzelekileyo

Ukucacisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba yintoni le ndlela ibambekayo, besifuna ukubonisa iimpawu zayo kwezi ntlobo zilandelayo:

Ngokubanzi

Sisiseko esisekwe kwinto eqhelekileyo yabemi, into ifundwa kuqala kwaye emva koko kunikezelwa isiphetho ngokusekwe kwinto yokuqala eyabonwayo. Kulwimi oluthethwayo sifumana imizekelo efana nale ilandelayo:

Imizekelo yokwenza ngokubanzi

• "Ndidibene nendoda endala esisityebi eliqabane lentombazana encinci, ngokuqinisekileyo onke amabhinqa amancinci akhangela indoda endala enemali."
• "Namhlanje ndidibene nomhlohli wam wezifundo, uyadika, ngokuqinisekileyo bonke abanye abafundisi bayafana."
• "Ndithenge iimbiza ezimbini zemayonnaise kwaye enye iye yonakala, ngokuqinisekileyo enye nayo yonakele."
• "Ndidibene nomKatolika onenzondelelo yempambano, ngenxa yoko onke amaKhatholika anenzondelelo yempambano."
• "Ndijonge amanye amaphepha encwadi yokuzinceda kwaye kwabonakala kuyingozi kum, ke zonke iincwadi zokuzinceda ziyabulala."
• "Umama wentombi yam wenza ispaghetti esibi kakhulu, ngokuqinisekileyo bayafana kuye."

I-syllogism yamanani

Isekwe kuphononongo lwezinto ezahlukeneyo ngokwezibalo, umzekelo, isahlulo Y sabemi J sinophawu A, ke, umntu ongu-X lilungu likaJ.

Ke, kukho amathuba ahambelana no-Y ukuba u-X uno-A.

Imizekelo yesynlogism yeenkcukacha manani

1. Uninzi lwabafundi bezikolo zamabanga aphantsi baneentwala zentloko.
2. UAlberto ngumfundi kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi.
3. UAlberto unethuba eliphezulu lokufumana iintwala entloko.

• Abasetyhini abanakudla ikofu
• Ababhaki badla ikofu.
• Akukho mbhaki ngumfazi.

1. Zonke izinja zinengcwangu
2. Akukho kati inengcwangu
3. Akukho kati inokuba yinja.

• I-78% yamadoda asebenza kwimigodi ngoobufanasini.
• UAntonio usebenza emgodini
• Kukho iipesenti ezingama-78 zokuba uAntonio ulifanasini.

1. Ngokuqhelekileyo abafazi bayacheba imilenze yabo.
2. Ndingumfazi
3. Ndichebile iinyawo zam.

Ukungeniswa ngokulula

Sisiphelo esilula sezehlo ezenzeka ngokujikeleza omnye umntu, umzekelo, isahlulo Y sabemi J sinophawu A, ke, umntu ongu-X lilungu likaJ.

Ke, kukho amathuba ahambelana no-Y ukuba u-X uno-A.

Imizekelo elula yoqheliso

1. UJuan wandinika izihlangu esinye sonakala, emva koko utata wandinika esinye isihlangu esinye sonakala, ekugqibeleni, umntakwethu wandinika esinye isihlangu esinye sonakala; Oko kuthetha ukuba ngalo lonke ixesha bendinika izihlangu enye indonakalisa.
2. NgoMvulo ndiphangele andagqibela ngeengxelo abazindibuza zona, ngolwesibini ndiye emsebenzini andizokwazi ukugqibezela iingxelo zokuba nabo bandibuza, namhlanje bekufuneka ndiphangele khange ndigqibe ngereport; Oko kuthetha ukuba amaxesha endiya ngawo emsebenzini andikwazi ukufeza uxanduva lwam.
3. NgoMgqibelo ndiye kwivenkile kaMaría ndiyothenga amaqebengwana etshokholethi kwaye bekukho iicokie zevanilla kuphela, ngeCawe ndiye ndahamba ndafika kukho iikeyiki zevanilla kuphela, namhlanje uPablo uye kwivenkile kaMaría wayothenga amaqebengwana etshokholethi; Oku kuthetha ukuba andinakuze ndithenge ikuki yetshokholethi ukuba ndiye evenkileni ndedwa.

Impikiswano evela kuthelekiso

Le ndlela ibhekisa kwiinkqubo ezimbini ezinxulumene, umzekelo, H no-A ziyafana neepropathi ze-X, Y kunye no-Z. isiqalelo B.

Imizekelo yempikiswano evela kuthelekiso

1. Ukukhanya kubumnyama, njengobushushu kubanda.
2. Uloyiko lukhwaza njengokuhleka kulonwabo.
3. Usizi kukukhala iinyembezi njengokudinwa ukuthula.
4. Unomathotholo kwindlebe ngathi ngumabonwakude kumbono.
5. Ikama linjengeenwele ezifana nezihlangu ezinyaweni.
6. Ibhere lihlathi njengengonyama kwihlathi.
7. Amafutha kukucoca njengevumba elibi lokungcola.
8. ISpain iya eMadrid njengeFrance isiya eParis.
9. Ijezi iyabanda njengoko imfutshane ishushu.
10. Ukubila kukuzilolonga njengamafutha kwindlela yokuphila.

Ukuthobela okuqhelekileyo

Sisiphelo esivela kulwalamano lomsitho wamathuba ngokubhekisele kwinto ehamba nayo.

Izakhiwo ezibonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwaba babini, zinokuchaphazela ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo.

Imizekelo yokuthotyelwa okungaqhelekanga

1. Zonke izinja kwiofisi yogqirha wezilwanyana zizele iingxaki zamakhalane, zonke zizintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu kwaye zinendlela eyahlukileyo yokuphila; Nangona kunjalo, bonke abantu basetyhini beze nabanini babo, bonke bavakalise ukuba imikhwa yezempilo abayinike inja ibingenankathalo kakhulu, ke ugqirha wezilwanyana ufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba izinja ezinabaninizo zithande ukuba namakhalane.
2. Iklinikhi yengqondo ifumana abaguli abasixhenxe abanengxaki yokulala.Uphononongo olwenziwe kwizigulana ezisi-7 zagqiba kwelokuba aba-7 kubo babebone abazali benengxaki efanayo ebuntwaneni babo, kwaye aba-2 kubo babenobuntwana obupheleleyo; Abaphandi bagqiba kwelokuba ukuba nabazali abanengxaki yokulala akuthethi ngqo kwingxaki yomntu omkhulu.
3. Ikhaya lokugcina lifumana abantwana abali-10 abaziinkedama, abasi-7 kubo bashiywa ngabazali abaqeqeshiweyo nabaziphethe kakuhle, ngelixa aba-3 kuphela kubo belahlwe ngabazali abahluphekileyo; abo bajongene nosapho bagqiba kwelokuba imeko yemfundo nezoqoqosho ayiphazamisi imigaqo yokuziphatha kunye neenqobo zabazali.

Uqikelelo

Izigqibo zomsitho wexesha elizayo zenziwa ngokusekwe kumava adlulileyo.

Imizekelo yoqikelelo  

1. Qho xa ndisiya evenkileni ndiyalibala amakhadi wam etyala
2. Namhlanje ndiya evenkileni
3. Namhlanje ndiza kulibala amakhadi etyala.

• Xa ndisiya evenkileni yesosi yetumato ndiyifumana iyimayonnaise
• Namhlanje ndiya evenkileni
• Namhlanje ndithenga imayonnaise kuphela.

1. Umlingane wam uthenge isipaji ngexabiso elikhulu.
2. Namhlanje ndithenga isipaji
3. Namhlanje ndithenga isipaji ngexabiso elihle kakhulu.

• UAntonio wacebisa uPilar elunxwemeni.
• NgoMvulo uMario kunye nam siya elwandle.
• NgoMvulo uMario undicebisa.

1. Kwintsapho kaJuan kukho abafazi aba-5 ogama linguGabriela
2. Intombi kaJuan ikhulelwe
3. Ukuba intombi kaJuan inentombazana, igama layo iya kuba nguGabriela.

• Ndihlala ndifumana ubunzima ngoDisemba
• IKrisimesi iqala ngeentsuku ezintathu
• Kwiintsuku ezi-3 okanye ndiza kuqala ukutyeba.

1. Abazali bam banika umntakwethu inja ngomhla wokuzalwa kwakhe
2. Ngomso lusuku lwam lokuzalwa.
3. Ngomso bandinika inja.

Yeyiphi indlela yokutsala?

Le ndlela ifuna indawo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ukufikelela kwisiphelo. Zonke iikhonsepthi mazicace gca ekuthatheni ingxaki ukufikelela kwisigqibo esithile

Ukuncitshiswa kuqalwa ngokuqikelelwa yingqikelelo kunye nezinto ezinokubakho ezenza isigqibo esithile kunye nesigqibo esisengqiqweni, umzekelo: bonke abantu basetyhini bahle, umntu ngamnye uZ ungumfazi, ke umntu ngamnye u-Z mhle.

Iindidi zokuqiqa okutsalayo

Ukucacisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba yintoni le ndlela ibambekayo, kubandakanya ukubonisa iimpawu zayo kwezi ntlobo zilandelayo:

Umthetho wamalungu

Isiteyitimenti esinye senziwe kwaye inye kuphela intelekelelo ebekiweyo T kucetywayo, isiphelo F kukutsalwa kwale ngxoxo kwaye ke: T ukuya kuF yingxelo, T kuyacetyiswa kwaye F kukususwa kwe-hypothesis.

Imizekelo yomthetho weqela

1. Ndinezilwanyana ezifuywayo ezintathu, enye ineminyaka emi-5 enye ineminyaka esi-8 ubudala, ukuba isilwanyana sam sesithathu sikhulile kunaleyo ineminyaka emi-5 kodwa incinci kunaleyo ineminyaka esi-8, isilwanyana sam sesithathu si-7 iminyaka ubudala.
2. Kusapho lwam singamalungu angama-20, ali-13 kubo ngamabhinqa, oko kuthetha ukuba amalungu asixhenxe aseleyo ngamadoda.
3. Kufuneka ndithenge iiglasi ezingama-65, kwaye sele ndizithengile izibini ezingama-54 zezibuko zelanga, ke ezo zisele zili-11 kufuneka ndizithengele ukufunda.
4. UMarcos unodade omncinci oneminyaka engama-23 ubudala kunye nomzalwana omdala oneminyaka engama-25, oku kuthetha ukuba uMarcos uneminyaka engama-24 ubudala.
5. UAndrea uya kumema abantu abangama-36 kwitheko lakhe lokuzalwa, i-15 yeendwendwe ngabantu abadala, ke abangama-21 ngabantwana.

Umthetho weSyllogism

Olu hlobo lwendlela yokutsala inika imibuzo emibini enokubangela ukuba into yesithathu iguqulwe, ukwenza i-hypothesis ngokudityaniswa kwezinto ezimbini ukuya kwisithathu, umzekelo, ukuba uMaria unefiva akakwazi ukuya kwimovie nonina, ukuba UMaria akahambi uya kwimovie, uya kuyikhumbula imovie, ke ukuba uMaria unefiva uya kuyikhumbula imovie.

Imizekelo yesyloglog

1. Ezinye izigcawu zinetyhefu
2. Izilwanyana ezinetyhefu ziyandoyikisa.
3. Ezinye izigcawu ziyandoyikisa.

• Ndiyayithanda yonke into epinki
• Inyama ipinki
• Ndiyayithanda iham

1. Ndiyabathanda abantu basetyhini abaneenwele ezimfutshane
2. UAndrea uneenwele ezimfutshane
3. Ndiyamthanda uAndrea

• Akukho mntu unokuhamba phezu kwamanzi
• UManuel yindoda
• UManuel akakwazi ukuhamba phezu kwamanzi

1. Kuzo zonke iivenkile kukho izihlangu eziluhlaza
2. Kwivenkile esekoneni bathengisa izihlangu
3. Kwivenkile esekoneni bathengisa izihlangu eziluhlaza

• Zonke iziqholo zeChanel zibiza kakhulu
• I-Chanel iphumeze isiqhumiso sayo esitsha
• Amafutha eChanel ayabiza.

1. Bonke abantu basetyhini baneenwele ezimnyama
2. USofia ngumfazi
3. USofia uneenwele ezimnyama.

Umthetho wokuphindaphinda

Elula, ukuba isiphelo esinikiweyo malunga nesihloko okanye into ayiyonyani, i-hypothesis ibubuxoki, umzekelo: Ukuba umama upheka intlanzi, akukho ntlanzi. Andinamali, ndinakho ukuthenga indlu.

Imizekelo yoMthetho wokuphindaphinda

1. Ukuba uyakhala uyavuya, ukuba ulusizi emva koko uyahleka.  
2. Ukuba uthi uyafuna ukuhamba, uthi hayi, sele emkile kuba esithi hayi.
3. Ndilala ngelixesha ndisesitimeleni, andikho kuloliwe ukuze ndilale.

Umahluko phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini

Ngalinye lophando kunye neendlela zohlalutyo zinesizathu sokuba. Nangona kunjalo, banomahluko ophawulekayo ekufuneka uhlalutye ngabaphandi abajongana nazo zonke iintlobo zezihloko.

Okokuqala, indlela yokunyanzela isekwe kwiingcinga ezakha isiphelo, ngokungafaniyo nendlela yokuncitshiswa ekufuneka isekwe kwiithiyori ezisekwe kwiinyani ezibonakalayo neziqinisekileyo.

Indlela yokunyanzelisa iyayonwabela into yokuba umxholo unawo ngokubhekisele kwimbono ebalulekileyo kunye nokujonga izinto ezithile. Inempembelelo ngakumbi kwiimvakalelo nakwiingcinga zomntu, isebenza njengebhulorho yovakalelo phakathi kwemifanekiso yangaphandle kunye nokucinga okungabonakaliyo.

Ngokwenxalenye yayo, indlela yokutsala isekwe kwinto enokuchaphazeleka kwaye iqinisekiswe. Ubungakanani bophando luyafuneka ukungqina i-hypothesis esekwe kwiimpikiswano ezahlukeneyo.