Xa sithetha ngememori ye-episodic, sibhekisa kudidi lweememori zexesha elide ezibandakanya ukukhumbula iziganeko ezithile, iimeko kunye namava. Iya kuba ziinkumbulo zosuku lwakho lokuqala lwesikolo, ukwanga kwakho kokuqala, ukuya kwitheko lokuzalwa komhlobo kunye nokuphumelela komntakwenu ... Yonke yimizekelo yeenkumbulo zeepisodic. Ukongeza ekufumaneni okuthe ngqo komsitho ngokwawo, ikwabandakanya inkumbulo yendawo kunye nexesha esenzeke ngalo isiganeko.
Ikwaziwa njengememori engobomi bomntu okanye iinkumbulo zebali lakho lobomi. Njengoko unokucinga, iinkumbulo zeepisodic kunye ne-autobiographical badlala indima ebalulekileyo kubuntu bakho.
Imemori ye-Episodic
Khawufane ucinge ukuba ufumana umnxeba ovela kumhlobo wakho wakudala ongakhange uve kuye iminyaka emininzi. Udibana ngolunye usuku kwaye ujonge ukukhumbula amaxesha akudala kunye namaxesha ahlala kunye. Ezi nkumbulo zikhethekileyo kunye namava yimizekelo yenkumbulo episodic.
Iinkumbulo ze-Episodic zibalulekile kuba zikuvumela ukuba ukhumbule amava akho ayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bakho. Ezi nkumbulo zinika intsingiselo kwibali lakho, kunye nebali ekwabelwana ngalo nabanye abantu ebomini bakho. Amava akho ayila kwaye achaze umntu onguye namhlanje.
Imemori ye-Episodic kunye nenkumbulo ye-semantic yinxalenye yokwahlulwa kwememori eyaziwa njengememori ecacileyo okanye eqinisekileyo. Inkumbulo yesemantic igxila kulwazi jikelele lwehlabathi kwaye ibandakanya iinyani, iikhonsepthi kunye nemibono. Imemori ye-Episodic, kwelinye icala, ibandakanya ukukhumbula amava obomi athile.
Ixesha lememori ye-episodic yaqala ukwaziswa ngu-Endel Tulving ngo-1972 ukwahlula phakathi kokwazi ulwazi olunenjongo (inkumbulo yesemantic) kunye nokukhumbula iziganeko zangaphambili (inkumbulo ye-episodic).
Iindidi zeenkumbulo zeepisodic
Kukho inani leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkumbulo zeepisodic ezinokubakho ngabantu. Ukuyiqonda ngcono kubalulekile ukuba ufunde ukwahlula enye kwenye.
- Iinkumbulo zeepisodic zeziganeko ezithile. Oku kubandakanya iinkumbulo zamaxesha athile kwimbali yomntu. Ukukhumbula ukumanga kwakho kokuqala ngumzekelo wenkumbulo ethile yeepisodic.
- Iinkumbulo zeepisodic zeziganeko zobuqu. Ukwazi ukuba ngubani umongameli kunyaka owawutshatile, ukwenziwa kunye nemodeli yemoto yakho yokuqala, kunye negama lomphathi wakho wokuqala ziyimizekelo yeenkumbulo ezithile zezehlo zakho.
- Iinkumbulo zeepisodic zeziganeko ngokubanzi. Ukukhumbula indlela uva ngayo ngathi ngumzekelo wolu hlobo lwenkumbulo ngokubanzi. Awukhumbuli ukwanga kunye nokwabelana owabelana ngako, kodwa ungakhumbula ukuba uziva njani ngokusekwe kumava akho.
- Gqibela, ii-memory memory zicacile kwaye zineenkcukacha "ii-snapshots" ezinxulumene nokufunyanwa kweendaba ezibalulekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha la maxesha anokuba yeyobuqu kakhulu, njengaxa wafunda ukuba umakhulu uswelekile. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi nkumbulo zinokwabelwana ngabantu abaninzi kwiqela loluntu. Amaxesha awafumanayo malunga nohlaselo lwe-11/XNUMX okanye uhlaselo lweqonga lekhonsathi laseParis yimizekelo yeenkumbulo ekwabelwana ngazo.
Imemori ye-episodic kunye nenkumbulo ye-semantic isebenza kunye
Imemori ye-Episodic inokuxhomekeka kwimemori yesemantic. Kwimisebenzi yokufunda, iziphumo ezingcono zifunyanwa xa ulwazi olufunyenweyo ludibanisa ulwazi lwangaphambili, oku kuphakamisa ukuba ulwazi lwe-semantic yomsebenzi lubonelela ngohlobo lwesakhelo semfundo entsha ye-episodic.
Umzekelo, ukuba kuya kufuneka ukhumbule amaxabiso okutya evenkileni, uya kuwakhumbula ngcono amaxabiso xa ulwazi luhambelana neenkumbulo zakho ezikhoyo ze-episodic kunye nexabiso levenkile. Endaweni yoko, Ukuba ubune-amnesia kwaye ungalukhumbuli olo lwazi lwe-episodic kwixesha lakho elidlulileyo, ngekhe wazi ukuba amaxabiso athini ukutya okuthile.
Iinkumbulo ze-Episodic zikwadlala indima ekubuyiseni iinkumbulo zesemantic. Kuvavanyo apho abathathi-nxaxheba bacelwa ukuba bavelise uluhlu lwezinto kwiindidi ezithile, abo babekwazi ukuxhomekeka kwimemori yeepisodic benza ngcono kunabathathi-nxaxheba be-amnesic ababengenakho ukufikelela kwinkumbulo zeepisodic.
Akusiyo imemori yeemvakalelo
Kuyimfuneko ukwahlula inkumbulo ye-episodic kwimemori yeemvakalelo kuba ayifani kuba isebenza ngokwahlukileyo. Imemori yeemvakalelo inoxanduva lokubonelela ngeemvakalelo ezinxulumene namava ahleliyo, Umzekelo, xa kukho into eyenzekayo kuwe evakalelwa kakhulu kukuba awunakuyithetha ngamazwi.
Umzekelo inokuba livumba leemuffins ezisandul 'ukubhakwa ezikhumbuza indlu kamakhulu notatomkhulu wakho, ivumba lesiqholo esithile esikwenza uzive wonwabile kwaye usekhaya kuba sisiqholo ebesoloko sisetyenziswa ngutata wakho, ivumba lejasmine. Okukhumbuza ulutsha lwakho kwidolophana encinci, njl. Olu lwazi kunzima ukulubalisa ngamagama kuba lenziwe ziimvakalelo. Ungachaza okuninzi ngezi nkumbulo kodwa awukwazi kuchaphazela iimvakalelo oziva ngazo, kuphela ngendlela esondeleyo ... kuba nguwe oyivayo ngokwenene ikhonkco ngqo kumava akho ahleliyo.
Imemori engokweemvakalelo yinxalenye yememori yokuchazwa enee-semantics kunye ne-episodic kodwa ayiqulathwanga yimixholo ngokwabo.
Zenziwa njani iinkumbulo ezimdaka
Uyilo lweenkumbulo ze-episodic lwenziwa ngokuxhomekeka kwindlela oqhubeka ngayo ebomini, oko kukuthi, ngamava owaphilayo. Amanyathelo afunekayo abandakanya iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kwingqondo yakho. Amanyathelo ngala alandelayo:
- Ukwenza iikhowudi. Ingqondo yakho ingena kwisinyathelo sokufaka iikhowudi ngalo lonke ixesha isenza inkumbulo entsha yesiqendu.
- Ukudityaniswa. Inokubandakanya okwenzekileyo kuwe kwimemori yakho yexesha elide.
- Ukuvuna. Le nkqubo ibangela ukubuyiswa kolwazi oluqinisekileyo olunxulumene namava athile. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi nkumbulo zifunyanwa ngaphandle komzamo kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokufuneka into yokwenza imemori, njengegama, umfanekiso, isandi, ivumba ...
Yintoni enokuchaphazela inkumbulo ye-episodic
Kukho izinto ezinokuchaphazela inkumbulo ye-episodic njengoko iinkumbulo zisasazeke ngaphezulu kwengqondo. Kukho izifo kunye neentlobo zeengozi ezingonakalisa konke oku. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhumbule ukuba eyona nto ixhaphakileyo ukonakalisa inkumbulo ye-episodic yile:
- I-Dementias njengesifo se-Alzheimer's
- Iingqondo zamabhongo
- Ischemia kwingqondo
- I-Encephalitis
- Ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo (njenge-Korsakoff syndrome okanye i-spongiform encephalopathies)
- IHydrocephalus
- Iimeko zeMetabolic (ezinje ngokusilela kwe-vitamin B1)
- Izifo ze-Neurological