Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-caustic soda, inokuthi ibonakaliswe ngeempawu zayo, ezinje ngokuba iyinto emhlophe eqinileyo enezinto ezinokubangela ukufuma emoyeni, ezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwifom yayo eqinileyo okanye ngesisombululo se-50% malunga .
Isodiyam hayidroksayidi ineempawu ezothusayo zomzimba, njengaxa ungena kwisisombululo ngamanzi, iyathanda ukuvelisa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngokwenene, kunye neempawu zayo zamachiza ezinjengokubola kwayo nazo zinokujongwa.
Eyona ndlela isisiseko yokufumana i-hydrogen yinkqubo ebangela ukuba kudityaniswe uhlobo lwehydroxide ene-sodium.
Kwimizi-mveliso yecandelo lesibini lemisebenzi yezoqoqosho, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunokujongwa rhoqo ukuze ukwazi ukucacisa iyantlukwano enkulu yeemveliso. Le khompawundi iyasebenza kakhulu, ngenxa yokungazinzi kwayo okukhulu.
Ngokubhekisele kwi-sodium hydroxide, kunye nokuvezwa koku ebantwini, ezinye izikhombisi zinokuchazwa ukuba ngaba lukhona uhlobo lokunxibelelana neli khompawundi, ezi zibaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi, kuba zinokubangela iimeko ezinzulu emzimbeni, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinjengamehlo, ulusu, kunye nendawo yokuphefumla, kwaye ngokungagqibekanga inkqubo yokuphefumla.
Inkcazo yesodium hayidroksayidi
Isodiyam hayidroksayidi inokufumaneka njenge isodiyam hayidroksayidi, Isodiyam hydrate, isoda ebusayo kunye nesoda ebabayo. Kwi-chemistry kunokuchazwa nge-formula ye-NaOH, oku kuluncedo kakhulu kumashishini njengesiseko, kuba luhlobo lwe-caustic hayidroksayidi, onokuthi ngalo wenze iphepha kunye nezinto ezivela kuzo, iisepha, phakathi kwabanye.
Zininzi izinto ezisetyenziselwa isodiyam hayidroksayidi, ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezintle, ezinje ngokusebenza njenge idreyini yokuvula, imibhobho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kananjalo inokunikelwa ubungqina kwimizi-mveliso yeoyile yokuvelisa udaka olusetyenziselwa ukubhola okusekwe emanzini.
Iingqinisiso zeQuímicas
Le khompawundi inempendulo yemichiza yehydroxide, yiyo loo nto ifumana amagama ayo "i-sodium hydroxide". Phakathi kwezona zinto ziphambili zeekhemikhali zeli qela linqanaba lokudamba kwalo, eliphezulu kakhulu, kunye nokuphendula kwalo okuxhalabisayo.
Iimpawu zomzimba
Xa isodiyam hayidroksayidi ikwiqondo lobushushu egumbini inokubonwa njenge-hygroscopic crystalline solid, okuthetha ukuba inako ukufunxa ukufuma okunokuba semoyeni, le hayidroksayidi ibonakala ibonakalise kakhulu.
Xa isodiyam hayidroksayidi inyibilikiswa emanzini okanye ingafakwanga i-asidi, iyakwazi ukuvelisa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, anokutshisa izinto ezinokutsha. Le khompawundi yenziwa ngokuvelisa, njengeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokusetyenziswa kwimeko eqinileyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwizisombululo ezinamanzi angama-50%.
Ukusebenza kwakhona kweSodium Hydroxide
Le khompawundi ayihambelani nezinye izinto ezinjengamanzi, zonke iintlobo zolwelo olunokutsha, iiasidi, kunye nezinto ezakhiweyo, kunye nezinye izinyithi ezinjengezinki, itoti kunye nealuminium, ethi xa idibana nayo ibangeke imililo.
Unokwazi nokujonga iifayile ze- ukwenziwa kweetyuwa ezibuthathaka kunxibelelwano, okanye impembelelo ethile, xa ifunyenwe kwiimveliso ze-nitro, ezifana ne-nitro-methane. Ungabona ukuyilwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen enokutsha kuyo.
Akukho meko inegalelo kukungazinzi kweli khompawundi, kwaye kungakhange kubonwe iimveliso eziyingozi ekuboliseni i-sodium hydroxide.
Ngenxa yokubola okuboniswa yile nxalenye, ukuveza ezinye iimveliso okanye izinto kuyo kunokubangela ukonakala, kunye nomonakalo ongenakulungiseka, phakathi kwezi mveliso sinokuthi sikhankanye irabha, iplastiki kunye nezinye izinto zokwaleka.
Iindlela zokufumana i-sodium hydroxide
Phakathi kweendlela zangoku ze Ukufumana le khompawundi kukhethwe ngombane Isisombululo samanzi se-sodium chloride okanye saziwa ngokuba yi-brine, nangona uninzi lwamashishini lukhetha eyona ndlela yakudala eqhuba inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-causticisation, ebhekisa kuhlobo oluthile lwehydroxide edityaniswa nesodiyam. Oku kunokuqondwa njengemveliso ephuma ngaphandle okanye inkunkuma eseleyo kwimveliso yeklorin.
Ukucacisa kancinci ukuba ukwenziwa kwale khompawundi kusebenza njani, kunokuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo, njengoko i-electrolysis iqhubeka, ii-chloride zibola, zithathelwa indawo ngokupheleleyo zii-hydroxide ion, ezidityaniswe ne-sodium cations, ezilawula ukwenza i-sodium hydroxide, okanye isodiyam hayidroksayidi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwesodium hayidroksayidi
Phakathi kwezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu ezinokusetyenziswa kwi-sodium hydroxide luncedo lwayo lokufumana i-aluminium kwi-bauxite ngenkqubo ye-Bayer, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwale khompawundi yokupheka iminquma, kunye nezinye iintlobo zeentlobo zayo.
Isetyenziselwa ukususa ipeyinti endala kwifenitshala, kunye nokususa ipeyinti yemveli. Inokufumaneka kwiimveliso eziqhelekileyo ezinjengokucoca idreyini kunye nokucoca i-oveni.
Phakathi izinto ezinokwenziwa nge-sodium hydroxide Zizo iipeyinti kunye nezinto eziphuma kwi-petroleum, iikhrayoni, isepha, ezinye iintlobo zeziqhushumbisi, iphepha, ubukho bazo bunokubonwa kwakhona kwiinkqubo ezinje ngokuhlamba iimpahla kunye ne-bleaching, ukutyabeka kwe-oxide, ekulungisweni kwendwangu yomqhaphu, ukukhutshwa kwe-electrolytic kunye ne-electroplating.
Iziphumo zokuvezwa
Ukuboniswa kweli khompawundi kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kwimpilo yakhe nawuphina umntu, kuba inezinto ezomeleleyo ezinokubangela ukusuka ekucaphukeni kancinane ukuya kutshiso lweekhemikhali olunobungozi.
Iindlela ezinokuthi zivezwe ngokulula kukuphefumla, izicwili ezibhekisele kulusu, amehlo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inkqubo yokwetyisa ngenxa yokungenisa. Oku kulandelayo ngumngcipheko onokubangelwa kukuvezwa kakhulu yi-sodium hydroxide.
- Ukwamkela: Xa ugalela le khompawundi, inokubangela ukonakala ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo yokwetyisa, ngenxa yamanqanaba ayo aphezulu onokubangela ukutshisa iindonga zamathumbu, kubangele umonakalo omkhulu kubo, kunye nakwimeko ezinqabileyo, ityhefu inokujongwa.
- Amehlo: Ukubonakaliswa kwamehlo kunokubangela ukutsha kwe-corneal, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu ziyingxenye okanye zize ziphelele.
- Ulusu: inokubangela ukonakala kolusu, kunye nezilonda, kunye nokuqaqanjelwa okuncinci, okanye ukutsha kakhulu.
- Ukusezela: Kwiimeko ezinobuzaza, kunokubonakala ukucaphuka okuncinci kwempumlo, nangona xa kutyhilwe kakhulu, apho kufunyanwa ininzi yehydroxide yesodium, ukutsha kakhulu kunokubonwa kumatshini wokuphefumla, mhlawumbi kukhokelela ekufeni.
Unonophelo olukhulu kufuneka luthathwe xa kusebenza kwizityalo apho oku kunyangiweyo kunyangwa, ngenxa yokuphakama komhlwa, kuba kunokubangela iimeko ezinje ngezo zibonwe kwinxalenye edlulileyo, kwaye ukuze ubaphathe kunyanzelekile ukuhlamba okuveziweyo. iindawo ezinamanzi amaninzi, sela amanzi amaninzi kwimeko yokungenisa, kwaye kwiimeko ezigqithileyo yiya kwiziko lonyango ngokukhawuleza.
Ukucaciswa okugqwesileyo kule nto, ndiyabulela ukukhankanya ukuzinza kwezisombululo zakho .nkosi