I-cerebellum yiyo ebekwe kwi-dorsal cranial fossa, ngasemva kwesiqu sobuchopho kwaye iphantsi kwelebhokhwe ye-occipital, lilungu eliphakathi elingaqhelekanga elinobukhulu phakathi kobubanzi be-anteposterior ye-5.6-6.6 isentimitha kunye nobubanzi obunqamlezileyo be-8-10 cm, ukuphakama kwe-4-5 isentimitha kunye ubunzima be-130 kg.
Izilonda kule ndawo azihlali zinxulunyaniswa nokukhubazeka, kodwa kunoko kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemoto, njengokuma komzimba, ubunzima ekwenzeni ezinye iintshukumo kunye nokuzifunda.
Kukho izifundo kwizilwanyana ezibonise ukuba i-cerebellum yeyona iphambili ophetheyo ekuphuhliseni izakhono zeemoto, olo vavanyo lubonise ukuba umonakalo owenziwe kuyo ubangele ukuba abo bachaphazelekayo benze iintshukumo ezingaqhelekanga nezingavakaliyo.
Nangona okwangoku kubonisiwe ukuba i-cerebellum izalisekisa imisebenzi engaphezulu kwenkqubo yeemoto, kwaye inzima nangakumbi njengokukhula kolwimi, iinkqubo ezithile zokuqonda, ingqalelo kunye nobuchule bobugcisa.
Yintoni icelebellum?
Ngumlawuli wenyikima yomzimba, ebizwa ngokuba ngummandla wobuchopho obonakala ngokudibanisa zonke Iimvakalelo kunye neendlela zemoto kwinkqubo yovalo, oku kunxibelelene ngokusondeleyo nezinye iindawo zobuchopho kunye nentambo yomqolo ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zemithambo-luvo, le yona ke inoxanduva lokuchaza lonke ulwazi oluthunyelwa yi-cerebral cortex kwizixhobo zemoto ukuze isebenze kakuhle
I-cerebellum yenye yeendawo ezenza inkqubo ye-nervous system, kwaye yeyesibini ngobukhulu, emva kwengqondo, kunjalo, ibekwe kwiindawo ezisezantsi nezingasemva zokhakhayi.
Ingqondo ineempawu ezithile ezichonga ukuba yiyo elawula zonke iintshukumo ezintsonkothileyo zemoto kunye nokwenza, phakathi kwezona zibalulekileyo zezi zilandelayo.
Ukuguquka kwemvelo
Inesakhono sokwahlulahlulwa sibe ziinxalenye ezintathu ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvela kwayo, enemisebenzi ethile.
- I-lobe yangasemva: oku kuphawulwa ngokuba yeyona nxalenye yakutshanje yokuvela kwe-cerebellum.
- Ngaphambili lobe: Oku kubizwa ngokuba lobe yesibini kwinkqubo yendaleko yayo.
- I-lobe ye-Flocculo-nodular: Lelona candelo lidala kuyo yonke i-cerebellum, ekwabizwa ngokuba yeyokuqala.
Imisebenzi ngokwee-lobes zazo
I-cerebellum inemisebenzi emithathu eyahlukeneyo, eyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwilobe eliyisebenzisayo.
- Iyangenelela kwaye ilawule: yonke intshukumo ezenzekelayo kunye neyokuzithandela, kwaye nayo ikwanakho ukulungelelanisa yonke imisipha yamathambo ukuba ibe nolawulo olungcono lomzimba wonke, lo msebenzi luphawu lwasemva lwelobe.
- Gcina: Iyakwazi ukugcina ithoni yemisipha yomzimba wonke, uphawu lwengqumbo yangaphandle.
- Ibhalansi: i-flocculum-nodular lobe inesakhono sokugcina kunye nokuseka ukulingana kuzo zonke izihlunu kunye nomzimba, ukufezekisa uzinzo olupheleleyo.
I-Anatomy
Inika indawo yokuhlala ezindleleni ezingekho zingqondweni, kwaye yenziwe ziihemispheres ezimbini, ngakumbi embindini wale ndawo kukho umngxunya omncinci obizwa ngokuba yiVermis, omile ngokufana ncam nombungu, kwaye kulapho imithambo-luvo Iindlela ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla ziphela.
Neurons
Ngokumangalisayo kwi-cerebellum kukho i-50% yenani lilonke lee-neuron kwingqondo iphela, nangona oku kulinganiswa ngokulinganayo nge-10% yabo bonke ubungakanani bengqondo.
I-Neurons ziziphelo zemithambo-luvo ngokudibeneyo neenkqubo zazo.
Unxibelelwano
I-cerebellum iyakwazi ukuseka iintlobo ezintathu zonxibelelwano ngokusebenzisa i-pendulums yayo ye-cerebellar, eyintambo yayo. Iindidi zonxibelelwano zixhomekeke kwi-pendulum eyisebenzisayo.
- I-pendulum esezantsi: iyakwazi ukudibanisa i-medulla oblongata kunye nentambo yomqolo.
- I-pendulum ephakathi: ukuqhubela phambili kwe-annular kudibanisa neo-cerebellum, ezi zibonakaliswa ngokuba zezona ntambo zishinyeneyo kwezi ntlobo zintathu.
- Ipendulum ephezulu: Iyakwazi ukudibanisa i-nuclei esembindini ye-cerebellum kunye nengqondo ebangelwa yimisonto yeemoto.
Uqwalaselo lwangaphakathi
Ukucwangciswa kwe-cerebellum yahlulwe yaziindidi ezimbini zezinto ngokombala wazo, ezingwevu nomhlophe.
Imba engwevu yahlulwe yazi-4 ze-cerebellar nuclei kunye ne-cortex yazo, nganye nganye inomsebenzi wayo, kwaye zezi zilandelayo.
- Umxholo osetyenzisiweyo: Le yeyona nto inxibelelana neo-cerebellum, kwaye yona yeyona iphucukileyo.
- I-emboliform yenucleus: le yeyona iphambili kulawulo lweziphelo ezinemoto yokusebenza kwazo.
- Isiseko seGlobose: Ibonakala ngokuba nemilo efana neleta "S"
- I-nucleus ekhawulezayo: Lijongene nokuseka ibhalansi emzimbeni kunye nezihlunu.
Inkangeleko
I-cerebellum igcwele igutyungelwe lulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal, kwaye inemilo ye-ovoid enomdla, ingqondo yendoda inokulinganisa i-9 yeegram kunaleyo yomfazi, kwaye inokuba nobunzima obuphakathi kwe-150 kunye ne-180 yeegram, yona ke inezinto ezintathu zobuso: ezantsi, ngaphezulu nangaphandle.
- Ubuso obusezantsi: Idityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-occipital fossa yokhakhayi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-cerebellar fossae, exhaswa lixesha lokuhlala.
- Ubuso obuphezulu: Idibanisa nodonga olubizwa ngokuba yi-tentorium cerebellum, kwaye luphawulwa ngokuba nemilo efanayo nophahla.
- Ubuso bangaphandle: Iiponi zonyaka kunye ne-medulla oblongata zidityanisiwe enkosi koku.
Imisebenzi ye-cerebellum
Owona msebenzi uphambili woku kukulungelelanisa nokuthumela inkuthazo yovakalelo yentshukumo kunye nemvakalelo, le yeyona nto iphambili inoxanduva lokuphendula kumawaka ezinokwenzeka ezinokubakho ngaphandle, ukubanakho ukwenza inkqubo yokuzikhusela, ukubhabha phakathi kwabanye ngaphambi kwabo bakhankanyiweyo.
Ngaba ifayile ye- Ukukwazi ukubona nokugcina ulwazi ivela kwi-cortex yecerebral, ukuze ikwazi ukusabela nakuphi na ukuvuselela umzimba, ukuvelisa iintshukumo zezihlunu, ezibandakanya izakhono ezinje ngeelwimi, izakhono zobugcisa ezinjengomculo, izakhono zomzimba, phakathi kwabanye.
I-cerebellum yinxalenye yengqondo yezinto ezininzi eziphilayo, nangona kwezinye ikhula ngakumbi kunabanye, njengoko kunjalo ngeentlanzi, iintaka kunye nama-amphibians, kwaye abo banokuphuhliswa ngakumbi banokuqondwa kwizilwanyana, kuba zizilwanyana Ekuqaleni.
Ezinye izifo ezinxulumene ne-cerebellum
Oku kunokubonisa ukusilela okuthile, okubangelwa kukonzakala, okungakhokelela kubunzima obukhulu kwimoto nakwimisebenzi yolwimi yomntu ophethwe zezi zifo, phakathi kwezona zibalulekileyo zezi zilandelayo.
- I-Ataxia: Ibonakaliswa ngokubonisa ubunzima kwiintshukumo zokuzithandela kunye nokungazibandakanyi kwabantu, ezivelisa ukubonakala kokuphazamiseka okunje ngehyperthermia, idyschronometry, adiadocosinecia kunye neasynergia.
- Hypotonia: Izigulana ezinesi sifo zingabonakalisa ukwehla kokuhamba kwezihlunu kunye nokubetha kwemisipha.
- Ukungcangcazela okungafunekiyo: Kukho ukungaphumeleli kwi-cerebellum, esebenza njengomlawuli weentshukumo zomzimba, ke ukungcangcazela kunokuqatshelwa xa uzama ukuhlanganisa nasiphi na isihlunu, esingumbutho ongazibandakanyiyo womntu, ke oko akwenziwa ngenjongo.
Kukwakho nezinye ii-syndromes ezinxulumene ne-cerebellum, ethi ivele njengoko yenzakele, yonakalise okanye ichaphazele kakubi ukusebenza kweemoto zabantu, phakathi kwezona zixhaphakileyo zezi zilandelayo.
Isifo sehemispheric cerebellar syndrome
Unobangela ophambili wale sischemia okanye ithumba elifunyenwe kwii-hemispheres ze-cerebellar, ezibonisa ubunzima beemoto emaphethelweni, zijolise ngaphezulu kwayo nantoni na emilenzeni nasezingalweni.
Isifo seVermis cerebellar
Ijolise kukungabikho kolawulo lwamalungu asembindini womzimba njengesiqu kunye nentloko, ukuthintela umntu ukuba angawagcini, ngamanye amaxesha ephulukana nokulingana, akwazi ukuwa ngabom ngaphambili okanye ngasemva.
Zininzi iindlela zokonakalisa i-cerebellum kwaye ke zichaphazele amandla enkqubo yeemoto zomzimba, ezinje ngokudibanisa, ityhefu, amathumba, usulelo, ukonzakala, ukonakala, iingxaki zemithambo, kunye nokungalunganga.