Sikubonisa iintlobo ezili-10 zeetekisi ezikwintshayelelo

Kubalulekile njengalo naliphi na icandelo lesicatshulwa, izicatshulwa ezitshayelelayo zizonke ezilumkisa, kwaye zinike intshayelelo wento eza kufundwa, ukuze umfundi abe nolwazi lwangaphambili lolwazi oluza kudluliselwa kwinoveli, incwadi , okanye naluphi na uhlobo lwetekisi.

NgokweRoyal Spanish Academy, isicatshulwa sithetha yonke into ofuna ukuyithumela emsebenzini woncwadi, nokuba uprintiwe okanye uyincwadi yesandla, ngaphandle kwezinye ezahluliweyo, ezinje ngezalathiso, amanqaku, phakathi kwezinye. Kwaye intsingiselo yentshayelelo yile: enomsebenzi wokwazisa, ocacisa ukuba "imibhalo yokwazisa" ithetha zonke ezo seti zemibono ofuna ukuyithumela ukwazisa ngesihloko kubafundi bemisebenzi eyenzelwe yona. yenziwe.

Oku kunika ulwazi kubafundi, esona sizathu siphambili sokwenza umsebenzi, indlela yombhali yokuhambisa, kunye neseti yeembono eziza kubhengezwa emsebenzini othile.

Isicatshulwa sentshayelelo kufuneka sakhiwe njani?

Izicatshulwa zentshayelelo zinoluhlu lweempawu ezifanayo kakhulu, kodwa azinawo umgaqo wokuzilungiselela, ngenxa yoko zinenkululeko yokuzikhethela xa zidalwa, kwaye zikhetha ezifanelekileyo ukuba zenziwe.

Nangona kungekho mithetho imiselweyo yokuyila, kufuneka kulandelwe ulandelelwano lwendlela yokwenza, njengalo naluphi na uhlobo lwesicatshulwa, kufuneka babenesihloko, nanjengoko ingcaciso emfutshane yenjongo yomsebenzi, kufuneka izame Ukushwankathela yonke into egutyungelwa sisihloko, unike ukuba uyafuna na okanye awuyifuni loo nto ekupheleni kwabo.

Abanye ababhali bakhetha ukongeza isicatshulwa kwizicatshulwa zentshayelelo, njengoko baceba ukuzithengisa kungekuphela kwingingqi yabo, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe.

Iindidi zezicatshulwa zentshayelelo

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, akukho mithetho ilawula ukwenziwa kolu hlobo lwesicatshulwa, kodwa zinokuhlelwa zibe ziindidi ezili-10 ezahlukeneyo, eziza kuchazwa ukuze xa uzisebenzisa kubekho ulwazi olungcono lwento nganye, kwaye iya kuthi Cacisa, uyisebenzisa nini nganye.

Ngaphandle kokuba yinxalenye yolwakhiwo olusisiseko lwezi, zikwaindidi zezicatshulwa zokuqala kwaye zezi:

Isihloko

Nangona le nkcazo ingabhidaniswa naleyo yokunika ubunini bento kumntu othile, izihloko ezikule ndawo zibhekisa kwiseti yamagama umbhali afuna ukushwankathela ngawo umxholo womsebenzi wakhe, unika umfundi umbono omfutshane wento kubhalwe kuyo.

Isishwankathelo

I-abstract yinkcazo emfutshane yesihloko ngokubanzi, inika umbono wokuqala wento ebhaliweyo kulombhalo. Oku kukwasetyenziswa xa kusenziwa izigqibo, kuba isishwankathelo sento ebesifundwe ngexesha lokwenziwa kwayo singenziwa, okanye intsingiselo yaso ibekiweyo, okuthetha ukuba yeyona nto ifanelekileyo kuyo.

Ukunikezelwa kwakhona

Zihlala zizele ziimvakalelo zokubulela emntwini, iqela elithile labantu, ekubonakaliswe ngalo ukuba umsebenzi wenziwe ngoncedo lwabo, okanye ubanikezela ngokulula, oko kuthetha ukuba benziwe ngabantu abanjalo.

Isicatshulwa 

Oku kunokuzikhethela, kuba sisicatshulwa esinye sokuqala okanye intshayelelo, kuphela ngolunye ulwimi kunolo lokuqala lomsebenzi. Ababhali abadla ngokusebenzisa izifinyezo bakwenza oko ngeenjongo zokuba iincwadi zabo zifikelele kwiindawo ngeendawo zehlabathi.  

Emva koko sineentlobo zezicatshulwa ezingenamveliso ezingezizo ezokwakha ezisisiseko nezisengqiqweni ukuzenza, ezinje:

Ukucaciswa kwangaphambili

Ingcaciso ivela kwisiLatini "ukucacisa" oko kuthetha ukuba, susa yonke into ephazamisayo okanye ebhloka umbono, njengoko igama lawo lisitsho, utshintsha ubumnyama okanye ukungabikho kolwazi ngesihloko kwaye uyicacise, ukusinika ukucaca. Kwaye xa sithetha ngento eyandulelayo, oko kuthetha ukuba iya kuba yeyokuqala kunayo nayiphi na enye into, ukufumana intsingiselo epheleleyo yinkcazo yokuqala enikwa abafundi bomsebenzi othile.

Notabene okanye isilumkiso

LIsilumkiso sichazwa njengesaziso sangaphambili emntwini sokuba kukho into eza kwenzeka, kwaye xa sithetha ngeNotabene, ibhekisa kuhlobo lokubonisa imvelaphi yesiLatin, ebonisa umfundi ukuba kufuneka ayiqwalasele ngononophelo, okanye iinkcukacha Inxalenye yokubhala, ukuyinika ukubaluleka kokutsala umdla wabafundi.

Amanqaku okuqala

Ezi zezi zibhaliweyo, zishwankathelwe, ezijolise ekuboniseni umbono ophambili ngokukhawuleza. Qaphela izicatshulwa ezimfutshane ngezona zimvo zibalulekileyo, kongezwe negama lokuqala, elibonisa ukuba sisicatshulwa esisebenza ukwazisa, okanye ukucacisa okuvakaliswayo.

Intshayelelo

Ezi zineempawu ezifanayo ngokusisiseko njengezicatshulwa ezikwintshayelelo, ziyimibhalo yesishwankathelo, enika umbono wento enokufundwa, kodwa zinomahluko, kwaye ezo zinto ziyintloko zenziwa ngabantu ngaphandle kombhali. , okanye umbhali womsebenzi, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba lo mntu kufuneka abe nolwazi malunga nesifundo esiza kubhencwa kulwazi loncwadi.

Intshayelelo

Oku kuchazwa njengaso nasiphi na isicatshulwa esisebenza ukwazisa olona luvo luphambili lomsebenzi woncwadi, ukunika abafundi intshayelelo kubo, ukuba babe nokuwuqonda ngcono umxholo, kunye nendlela oza kwenziwa ngayo.

Intshayelelo

Oku kungabhekisa kwiimeko ezimbini, eyokuqala kukujika okanye ukuphazamisa ukunqanda ukuthetha okanye ukunika iinkcukacha malunga nomsitho, kwaye okwesibini: sisicatshulwa ngenjongo yokuchaza, ukulumkisa okanye ukucebisa malunga nento eyenziwayo. malunga nokufunda.

Nangona iintlobo zezicatshulwa ezitshayelelwe apha zifana kakhulu, kuya kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba nganye nganye inesiganeko esahlukileyo, apho umbhali okanye umbhali womsebenzi kufuneka akhethe ngononophelo, ngokusekwe kuyo elula okanye enamathele ngakumbi kumxholo wokuqala, okanye ukuba ufuna ukutsala umdla wabafundi.

Uyenza njani isicatshulwa esitshayelelayo?

Ezi zicatshulwa zibaluleke kakhulu kulo naluphi na uhlobo lomsebenzi woncwadi, kwaye ukuze zenziwe ngokuchanekileyo kufuneka zibe nesakhiwo esifanelekileyo, isishwankathelo esibambekayo, kufuneka zitsale umdla wabafundi, kufuneka zilumkise kwaye zilumkise wonke umntu malunga nendlela dlulisa izimvo. Iindawo ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo xa zisenziwa zezi:

Indlela

Izixhobo kunye nezicwangciso ezisetyenziselwa ukudala umsebenzi kufuneka ziqatshelwe, kwaye kufuneka babenendlela ebonakalayo kwingcinga ephambili okanye ingxaki ekufuneka kujongwane nayo.

Ingxelo yengxaki

Kwimeko yokuba ngumsebenzi obekelwe ingxaki, kufanele kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuyicacisa ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye kuyaqondakala kubo bonke abantu abanokuyifunda, kuthintelwe kwaye kuthintelwe ukusetyenziswa kwamagama kunye namagama aqhelekileyo.

Injongo

Eyona njongo iphambili yeetekisi ezingenamveliso kukutsala umfundi, afumane ingqalelo yabo, ayithambise kwingcinga, kwaye azive enxulunyaniswa nayo, ke ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ezi tekisi zibe nengxaki yehlabathi, entsonkothileyo, ukuze oko kutsalane. abantu abavela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kwaye bafumane umhlaba ngakumbi kwabo banomdla kwesihloko.

Ezi zicatshulwa, ezisetyenziselwa ukubonisa into eza kugqithiswa, ukucebisa ngendlela umxholo kunye nobume beembono ezinokuthi zicaciswe, ukunika ulwazi olufutshane kubafundi besifundo ekuza kuxoxwa ngaso, zibaluleke kakhulu kuNcwadi Umsebenzi unabaphulaphuli abaninzi, umzekelo: Ukuba incwadi ibingenayo intshayelelo, abantu abayibonayo banokungabi namdla wokufunda kwanamaphepha okuqala, kuba bebengazukuyazi loo nto de kube sekupheleni kwayo.