Zithini iziphumo zobuhlwempu?

Intlupheko yingxaki echaphazele ubuntu kuwo onke amabakala embali, kumaxesha adlulileyo, oyena nobangela wendlala yayikukungalingani kwezentlalo nokungazi kwezoqoqosho.

Okwangoku, zininzi izinto ezichaphazela ukukhula kwale ngxaki, efikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu mihla le. Ngenxa yoku, sanyanzelwa ukuba sibhale inqaku elilodwa ngeziphumo zentlupheko kwaye kutheni kubalulekile ukuba wazi izizathu ezahlukeneyo.

Yintoni unobangela wobuhlwempu?

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaqambisa umahluko phakathi kwamagama athi "factor" kunye "noonobangela", siyazi ngokwelixesha ukuba iimeko zichaphazela ngqo unobangela, endaweni yoko unobangela ngokwawo ubhekisa kwinto evelise iziphumo zemeko ethile okanye ingxaki.

Kwangolo hlobo lunye, kufanele ukuba kucace gca ukuba mmandla ngamnye uneemfuno ezahlukeneyo, ke ngoko, unazo Izizathu ezahlukileyo zentlupheko eluntwini; Nangona kunjalo, kukho izizwe ezininzi ezinezizathu ezifanayo nezinye izizwe ezikhokelela kwintlupheko yabemi bazo, ke ezi zizathu zilandelayo zezona zixhaphakileyo emhlabeni:

Imodeli yeshishini lehlabathi

Ukungeniswa elizweni kweemveliso ezingenamsebenzi nezingasebenziyo ezivela kwamanye amazwe kwenza uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lweli lizwe olungenisa elizweni lincinci kwaye lincinci, ngaloo ndlela libonelela ngomgangatho wobomi obubi kakhulu kubemi.

Ke ngoko, abasebenzi abazelwe kule ngingqi banqatshelwe ukuba banako ukwandisa ulwazi lwabo kunye nokubonelela ngamava kumacandelo ahlukeneyo emveliso.

Oku kunokuba nefuthe kwisizwe ekunciphiseni uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwamanye amazwe kunye nokuyalela loo mali kutyalo-mali kwiitalente zalapha ekhaya.

Urhwaphilizo

Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kubantu baseLatino, urhwaphilizo alwenzi nje ukuba intlupheko yamazwe iyakhula, kodwa ezi zinto zixhaphakile: ukubakho kwengqesho yabemi, inkululeko yokuthetha, ukunqongophala kokutya, inkonzo yezococeko ehlwempuzekileyo ngamaziko oluntu, amaziko emfundo aya enyuka efuna okungaphantsi kwabafundi babo, ulwaphulo-mthetho luthatha izitrato, abantu bahluphekile; kwaye ke inani elingenasiphelo leengxaki.

Kwinqanaba lezoqoqosho, oovimba ekufuneka babiwe baya kusetyenziselwa ngokungekho mthethweni okanye basetyenziselwa bucala ukufezekisa iimfuno zabalawuli abakhoyo.

Utshintsho lwemozulu

Kumazwe ashushu kakhulu okanye kumazwe abanda kakhulu, kukho iingxaki kwimveliso yokutya, ngakumbi kumazwe axhomekeke kule nkqubo ukondla abemi bayo.

Ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, ngokuyinxenye, sisizathu seenguqu ezahlukeneyo zemozulu isizwe esinokufumana.

Utshintsho lwemozulu lunokuphazamisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentlupheko, hayi indlala yokutya kuphela kodwa ikwabangela ukuba imeko zempilo zabantu zichaphazele.

Izifo

Ubhubhane kunye nokungakwazi kwamanye amazwe ukuziphelisa kwenza izifo ziye zisisizathu sobuhlwempu, ngokugabadele ngokubanzi.

Inkonzo yezempilo yamazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ngamanye amaxesha ayinakho ukufumana inani elikhulu labantu kwaye ayisoloko iqinisekile ukuba izinto zotyando okanye amayeza ayafumaneka.

Izifo zisisiphumo senqanaba elisezantsi loqoqosho loluntu, ngenxa yoko ziye zaba ngunobangela omkhulu wokunyusa inqanaba lentlupheko kumazwe.

Ukungalingani kwezixhobo

Kukho imibutho yoluntu engahambisi imali efunyenwe phantsi kokuxhatshazwa kwecandelo elithile labantu ngokulinganayo. KwiLatin America, unokubona ikakhulu ukuba kukho umohluko omkhulu kunikezelo lwabantu kunye nendlela ucalucalulo ekuhlaleni luyinto eqhelekileyo.

IMexico, kwelayo icala, ngumzekelo wolu hlobo lokungalingani, apho iklasi yeklasi iyaphunyezwa nakwimithetho yelizwe, isiphumo ukwanda kwinqanaba lentlupheko kumacandelo athile kwaye atyebise icandelo elincinci labemi; ke oko kubangela ukungalingani kuzinzo lwezoqoqosho lwelizwe.

Iingxabano zomkhosi

Amanye amazwe kwiimeko zemfazwe anyanzela abemi bawo ukuba basuke kwenye indawo baye kwenye, beziqhelanisa neendawo ezingahambelaniyo neemfuno zabo nalapho ukusinda kuya kubakho ngakumbi nangakumbi.

Abantu abaninzi bacela isiphephelo sezopolitiko kwezinye izizwe apho kufuneka baqale khona, beshiya ngasemva yonke into ababeyakhile kumazwe abo okuzalwa kunye nethuba lokuqeshwa kubuchwephesha babo, ngamafutshane, ilizwe elongquzulanayo liphulukana nomsebenzi onokubakho.

Ukwanda kwabemi

Imimandla ekwimeko zokungalingani yileyo ichaphazeleka kakhulu kukwanda kwabemi.

Izinto ezinje Ukukhulelwa kwinqanaba lokufikisa kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhula kwendlala kwaye inyanzela amazwe ukuba aphendule ngemveliso eyongezelelweyo yokutya.

Kwangolo hlobo lunye, ukukhula kwabemi kukonyusa ukungalingani ekuhlaleni phakathi kwamazwe, ngenxa yoko, ithuba lokuqeshwa, ukufumaneka kokutya kunye nokufumaneka kwempilo esemgangathweni yoluntu kuyancipha, le nto yenzeka ikakhulu kumazwe angaphucukanga.  

Iziphumo eziphambili zentlupheko

Le ngxaki izisa neziphumo ezibi kakhulu ezinokuthi zibonwe kwixesha elide okanye elifutshane kwisizwe esithile.

Iimeko zophuhliso zelizwe ziye zingafikeleleki xa iziphumo zentlupheko zingaqwalaselwanga kwangexesha nangobuchule obuyimfuneko, iingxaki ezinje ngezi zinokubonwa kwezi ziphumo zilandelayo:

Ulwaphulo-mthetho

Ulwaphulo-mthetho lunokuvela ngenxa yomanyano lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentlupheko njengokutya, umntwana, ilali, iidolophu, ezomoya, ezengqondo kunye nokugqithileyo. Bububi ekuhlaleni obuchaphazela onke amacandelo ezentlalo elizwe.

Kwezinye iimeko, ukunqongophala kokutya kunyanzela icandelo elithile labemi elingenawo umlinganiso olungileyo wokuziphatha, ukuba babe zizaphuli-mthetho. Olu hlobo lwabemi lukhetha ukufezekisa ngeyona ndlela ilula yonke into ngeendlela zelizwe elihlwempuzekileyo abangenako. Le nto ibandakanya ukuthengisa ngomzimba nokubulala phakathi kwabemi bendawo enye.

Ukunqongophala kokutya

Nokuba kungenxa yoqoqosho olunengeniso ephantsi kakhulu, inkqubo eyonakeleyo nengasebenziyo, okanye ukunqongophala komhlaba ochumileyo ngaphakathi elizweni, ukunqongophala kokutya sisiphumo sendlala.

Iintsapho ezichaphazeleke kakhulu kule ngxaki zezo zingafikeleli kwiimfuno zokutya ezisisiseko, njengoko kunjalo ngemveliso yezempilo.

Intlupheko yabantwana ikwangumphumo wobuhlwempu, oku kuthetha ukuba kwezinye iintsapho abantu abadala bancama izidlo zabo zemihla ngemihla ezintathu okanye iqebengwana ukuze bazinike abantwana, ukanti ukungondleki kusekho kwamanye amacandelo abantwana.

Iimeko zempilo ezibi

Ukuphila kwindlala kuchaphazela imeko yezempilo yabantu, nokuba kukwimo yeemvakalelo okanye zengqondo.

Ukunqongophala kokutya okusempilweni kubangela ukuba abantu behle kumanqanaba abo ezempilo, kananjalo, ukunqongophala kwamayeza kunye nokufikelela kwiinkonzo zempilo zabucala ukufumana ukhathalelo olungenikezelwa yinkonzo karhulumente. inqanaba lentlupheko labemi liphezulu kakhulu, Ukwenza iimeko zempilo zabemi abagxile kule ngxaki zibenzima kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha babulale.

Ukukhula kwamaxabiso amabi

Ukungafikeleli kwimfundo esemgangathweni, ukungaphili kwindawo evisisanayo, ecocekileyo kwaye esempilweni kwaye ungenayo imigaqo elungileyo yempumelelo eluntwini, zizinto ezenza ukuba ubuhlwempu obugxunyekwe kulowo nalowo kubo kukhulise amaxabiso amabi.

Ukunqongophala kokuzithemba, uxanduva kunye neenqobo ezisemgangathweni zokuziphatha kumenza umntu ngokwakhe angabinakho ukufaka ibango lemeko yakhe kwaye akanazixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuphuma kuyo.

Kwelinye icala, akazukuba namandla okufuna ukuba amalungelo akhe ahlonitshwe kuba engenalo uluvo lokuba umfanele ntoni njengommi.

Ukungalingani kwezentlalo

Amanye amazwe angaphuhliswanga aneengxaki ezinzulu zokucaphuka kunye nenzondo kwicala lamacandelo abemi abangaguqukiyo kubantu abakwimeko yoqoqosho ethe kratya.

Konke oku kunxulumene namaxabiso ngokwawo apho umntu akhula khona kunye imigaqo eluntwini Kunyanzela ukuba aziphuhlise.

Kumazwe asekwe eklasini abeka icandelo labemi ngokungangqinelaniyo okanye elingafanelekanga ngeenkonzo ezilungileyo ezivela kurhulumente eziya kubo, kukho amathuba amakhulu okuba indlala iya kukhula.

Zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili zentlupheko?

Intlupheko ichaphazela zonke iintlobo zeemeko zabemi, ngenxa yoko ayisiyiyo kuphela ixesha eliya kuthi libekho kuqoqosho, kukwakho nemimandla eyahlukeneyo yoluntu:  

Ukutya

Indlala ahamba kuyo amazwe ayisoloko ibangelwa kukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuphezulu okufumaneka kwingingqi nganye, kodwa ikwangumbandela wohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lukarhulumente lokubonelela ngeeshelfu zokutya.

Kukho ezinye ngaphandle njengoko zinjalo amazwe anezinga eliphezulu lenkohliso, abanokufikelela kwimveliso yokutya kodwa bakusebenzise ukutyebisa abasweleyo.

Kwelinye icala, kukho amanye amazwe angenayo imihlaba echumileyo yokwenza umsebenzi wezolimo okanye ngokulula akanakho ukufikelela kwimfuyo nakwimveliso yokuloba.

Ungayichazanga eyokutya ekufuneka ingeniswe kwamanye amazwe njengezongezelelo zesondlo ezifuna icandelo elinempilo ekhethekileyo yabemi.

Ngumntwana

Olu hlobo lwentlupheko luchatshazelwa kukunqongophala kokutya, ukukhula komntwana kwinqanaba eliphantsi kunemiphumo emibi kwaye enokubulala.

Abanye abazali abanazibonelelo zaneleyo zokuhlawulela iindleko zabantwana babo, kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba umntwana ophakathi kufuneka afumane iiprotein, iivithamini kunye neeminerali eziphindwe kabini kunabantu abadala.

Yiyo loo nto ubuhlwempu ichaphazela inani labantwana ngakumbi kunabantu abadala; Umntu omdala kwelakhe icala, ukuba akanako nakuphi na ukukhubazeka, unokuzikhathalela ukusombulula iimfuno zesondlo ezibangelwa yindawo, nangona kunjalo, umntwana uxhomekeke kubazali okanye kubagcini bakhe ukuze bakwazi ukutya.

Imfundo, impilo kunye nezindlu zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo nentlupheko yabantwana, ayisiyiyo kuphela imeko yesondlo kodwa ikwangamalungelo abemi: sifumanisa ukuba kufuneka sonke sikhule kwindawo efanelekileyo yezempilo, yemfundo, yokutya kunye neyolonwabo kwaye ukuba akuhlangatyezwana nazo sinyhasha inkululeko yethu. Esi sesinye seziphumo zentlupheko kwaye yenye yezona zinzima eluntwini.

Zasemaphandleni

Sifumana amacandelo ohlukeneyo abemi abahlala emaphandleni, kuba inqanaba eliphezulu lokungaphuhli ngakumbi kunasezidolophini, ke ngoko, izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi liphezulu kunezinye iindawo.

Urbana

Kubandakanya amazwe ahlukeneyo anenqanaba eliphezulu labemi kwimimandla yasezidolophini kodwa abekho kwimeko yokubonelela ngobomi obungcono kubemi babo.

Kwakhona, abantu abafuduka emaphandleni besiya kwizixeko ezikhulu abangenayo inkxaso yemfundo okanye ubuchule bokufumana isikhundla emsebenzini, bayachaphazeleka xa behlala esixekweni; Oku kwenza ukuba eli candelo labemi lenze imeko yokuxhomekeka kwamanye amacandelo afanayo kwaye lizinzile kwindawo enye yedolophu.

Ibhinqa

Lo mbono uvelisa iingxabano kunye nokujongana kwihlabathi liphela, amazwe amaninzi akhethe ukuthatha ingxoxo ngokuhlangeneyo malunga namandla abasetyhini okuhlawula iindleko ezifanayo zamadoda.

Kukho iinyani ezimbini ezibeka imeko kwintlupheko yabasetyhiniEyokuqala imisela ukuba abantu basetyhini banobuchule njengamadoda okubamba izikhundla ezinzima okanye zeofisi kwaye bonwabele amalungelo afanayo, njengomntu, konke oku kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokujonga ngamanye amaxesha okwenziwa ngamanye amazwe.

Inyaniso yesibini yeyona ikrwada kwaye ixhaphakile, abantu basetyhini kuluntu lwanamhlanje abafumani unyango olufanayo kwinqanaba lomsebenzi njengamadoda, nokuba baninzi banamava eminyaka emininzi kwaye ziingcali ezigcwele imigaqo yokuziphatha, basenokunqongophala okuthile phambi kwamadoda .

Ngenxa yoku, abasetyhini banqatshelwe amathuba afanayo nawamadoda, kwaye uxanduva lwasekhaya luwela emagxeni amadoda. Le nto ibonwa kakhulu kwiinkcubeko zesiLatin nakumazwe aseMpuma apho inkqubela phambili eyimfuneko yobuntu ingekafumaneki.

Nangona amanye amazwe sele ekufumene oko kulingana ukulingana ngokwesini, kwaye ingawona mazwe ahambele phambili emhlabeni, asembalwa kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nomnye umhlaba. 

Ke kuyinyani ekufuneka ihlolwe phantsi kwesigwebo esingathathi ntweni okanye esigwebayo kodwa esekwe kwiimfuno zabemi kunye neengxaki ezichaphazela ubomi bokusebenza kwabasetyhini obathintelayo ekufezekiseni ukufaneleka okufanayo njengamadoda.

Ukuba amazwe afana ne-Australia, i-Iceland, iCanada, iNorway, iSweden, iFinland, iNew Zealand okanye iNetherlands zithathwa njengesalathiso sokuphelisa intlupheko yabasetyhini equka iintlobo ezininzi zentlupheko, kwamanye amazwe ehlabathi. Kwelinye icala, ubukho bale ngxaki buchaphazela ngqo amaxabiso ezakhiwa ngawo iintsapho, intlonipho kwisini sabasetyhini kunye namandla ayo eluntwini kufanele ukuba kube lelona xabiso libalulekileyo liphunyezwe kumaziko emfundo, ekhayeni nakwamanye amasiko nezithethe.  

Gqithisileyo

Abantu bomthonyama kunye namacandelo acalucalulayo kubemi ngabo bachatshazelwa kakhulu bubuhlwempu obugqithisileyo. Olu hlobo lwentlupheko lubandakanya i-11% yabemi behlabathi kwaye lubandakanya zonke iintlobo zentlupheko ezinokubakho eluntwini.

Yengqondo

Kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuyabulala, yintlupheko yengqondo. Eli gama livelisa iimpikiswano ezininzi kwihlabathi kunye neenkcubeko zalo, ngakumbi kule nto yokuqonda kunye nokukhula komntu kunye nokomoya, eli gama liyasetyenziswa ukubhekisa kwimida eyahlukeneyo esenza ukuba singakwazi ukoyisa okanye ukufezekisa izinto ezithile ebomini bethu, nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukufikelela kwisiphelo ngokuqiniseka kwe-100% kuba zininzi izinto ezingenakuhlalutywa phantsi kweemeko zentlupheko yengqondo.

Kuthatha indawo yozakuzo kunye nembono enobulungisa ukulinganisa ubungakanani bentlupheko yengqondo umntu anayo, kwaye ngaba olu hlobo lwentlupheko lunokulinganiswa? Ngelishwa, ayinazinto zibambekayo kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo njengokugqithileyo okanye ubuhlwempu bomntwana.

Ngaphandle koku, kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo zengqondo ezibonisa xa umntu ehlwempuzekile ngaphakathi engqondweni.

Kolu luhlu, uluvo lokuhlwempuzeka kwengqondo lukhulelwa njengexesha lokuba iimeko ezithile zentlupheko, ke, sisithintelo esakha ubomi babantu ngokweemfuno zabo zokomoya nezengqondo.

Ukucacisa ngakumbi, sinokufumana iimpikiswano ezixhasa izizathu zentsokolo yengqondo, umzekelo ocacileyo wabo sisinyanzelo sokuhlala sifuna ukuvunywa ngabantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibonelelo ngokufanayo.

Iimvakalelo

Kwimeko yengqondo, ubuhlwempu beemvakalelo busibonisa ukuba ngawaphi amanqanaba amaxabiso ahlukeneyo anabantu abathile abanayo le meko, kunye nokuba ziziphi iindlela zabo zokuziphatha ngokubhekisele kubantu besithathu.

Iimpawu ezichasayo zihlala zihlala zibangelwa zizinto ekuthiwa zihlwempuzekile ngokwasemphefumlweni, abo bangaziva benovelwano komnye umntu, abo bangakwaziyo ukunxibelelana ngendlela esempilweni nabanye okanye kubumbano, abo banamandla amabi kakhulu .

Kwelinye icala, umntu onesiphene ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwasengqondweni angathathwa ngokuba ulihlwempu ngokwasemoyeni, umzekelo, umntu okwikhoma, onokwenzakala kakhulu ebuchotsheni okungabavumeli ukuba bahlule phakathi kweempawu zentlalo nezeemvakalelo kwanabantu iimpawu zengqondo kunye nentlalontle.

Ibhekisa, kwinxalenye yayo, kukungakwazi ukubhengeza iimfuno kunye neemvakalelo zakhe kwabanye ezinqanda umda kubudlelwane nabantu besithathu; Kwezinye iimeko ezizodwa oku kuyenzeka, akusoloko kujongwana nezimo zengqondo ezimbi kunye neenjongo