Izityalo zivelisa ukutya kwazo ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yiphotosynthesis, kanye njengokuba izilwanyana zizizinto eziphilayo kwaye zinoxanduva lokufunxa icarbon dioxide nokuyijika ibeyioksijini ngokusebenzisa iklorofili. Babaluleke kakhulu ebantwini, kuba bona ukuvelisa ioksijini kwinkqubo yabo yokuphefumla into ebalulekileyo ebomini babantu.
Ngesi sizathu, izityalo ezisengozini yokuphela zingumqondiso womonakalo owenziwa ngabantu kwiplanethi kwaye ayizichaphazeli bona kuphela, kodwa nezigidi zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuwo. Apha ngezantsi siza kukubonisa amanye amazwe aseLatin nelona nani liphezulu lezityalo ezisengozini.
Amazwe aseLatin anezona zityalo zisengozini yokuphela
Ekhuwado
Ngeentlobo zezityalo ezingama-1848 ezisengozini yokuphela ziphelile. Eli lelinye lamazwe aneentlobo ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana, oku kungenxa yemozulu efumileyo kunye neetropiki zenyanga nganye enyakeni, okukhokelela kwindawo yokuhlala yezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo, kodwa, ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, yenye yazo amazwe kwihlabathi liphela anezona zityalo zisengozini yokuphela. Njengokuba:
- IHeliconia (IHeliconia brenner, iHeliconia emnyama, iHeliconia berryi kunye): Iintlobo zeetropiki ezinamaqela angaphezu kwe-100 zizonke, ikwabizwa ngokuba yintaka yeparadiso kunye neplatanillo.
- Iifeni (Filicinae, taxon, Polypodiophyta, Pterophyta kunye neicicopsida): ubukumkani bezityalo obuzizidudu, ukongeza ekubeni bungavelisi mbewu, bukwabonwa ngamagqabi alo aluhlaza amakhulu, kwaye awuvelisi iintyatyambo.
- ILauraceae (Aniba pilosa): Isityalo esidubula iintyatyambo seqela laseLaureles, esineentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-3500 55 kunye nezigaba ezingama-XNUMX, ezizezityalo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu wokuphela e-Ecuador.
- Amaqunube amnyama (Pseudolmedia manabiensis): ukongeza ekubeni neentlobo ezimbini kuphela ezaziwayo kweli lizwe, sele besemngciphekweni wokuphela, nangona unobangela woku ungaziwa, iipaki zesizwe zayinxulumanisa nokugawulwa kwamahlathi.
Brasil
Ngeentlobo zezityalo ezingama-516 ezisengozini yokuphela ziphelile, eli lelinye lamazwe athathelwa ingqalelo, njengawona aluhlaza emhlabeni, oku kungenxa yeentlobo ezininzi ezifumaneka kwiAmazon. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonisa ukuba iBrazil ingena kumazwe aneentlobo ezisemngciphekweni wokufa, njengeikhweyitha, kungenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi kwindawo ezifumileyo, ukuthengisa ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nongcoliseko. Kuya kuthethwa ngezi zityalo zilandelayo:
- Igorum Bromeliad: Isityalo esikhulu esihle nesinkulu sosapho lakwaBromeliad, esizalelwe eBrazil, kuthatha ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 ukufikelela kubungakanani obunqwenelekayo, ithandwa kakhulu kwiigadi kwaye oku kungenxa yombala ogqamileyo obomvu noluhlaza wamagqabi ayo.
- Iiorchid okanye iiorchid: Isityalo esibonakaliswe kukuntsokotha kweentyatyambo zaso kuba sisebenza ngendlela ye-ecology kunye nefungi kunye neenyosi ezinyakazela umungu, zifunxa kwaye zizenzele izondlo. Esi sisityalo esifunxayo ngokurhweba ngokuthengisa ngokungekho mthethweni nakwamanye amazwe.
Kholambiya
Ngeentlobo ezingama-245 zezityalo ezisengozini yokuphela ziphelile, oku kubonakaliswa ngokuba neeparosos, ezinamahlathi afumileyo, ikwanazo neendawo ezinamathafa, amahlathi, indawo ezitshatyalaliswayo kunye nexerophilous. izityalo kumazwe ayo amahle. Kodwa njengakulo lonke ilizwe laseLatin ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuyenziwa kwaye akukho kwaziswa malunga nezityalo. Ezinye zezityalo ezisengozini zezi:
- I-Pouteria caimito okanye ikumin egobileyo: Ikwayaziwa naseBrazil nase-Ecuador ngeziqhamo zayo ezincangathi, iyonwabile kwaye idumile eColombia ngamaxolo ayo asetyenziselwa ukwenza izindlu, iingcingo kunye nezorhwebo. Ukuphakama kwayo ziimitha ezingama-26. Ngenxa yokugawulwa kwayo ngokugqithileyo kwisiqu sayo, iye yathathelwa ingqalelo njengezilwanyana ezisengozini.
- Intendelezo yeWax: Ukongeza ekubeni ngumthi wesizwe woku, uyafumaneka ezintlanjeni kwaye unokulinganisa ukuya kuthi ga kuma-2.5 ubude, kwaye unganeminyaka engaphezulu kwama-90 yobomi, luhlobo olukhuselweyo eColombia, njengoko kuthathwa njengesityalo iza kutshabalala kungekudala.
- Ikumin okanye indlela yasebukhosini: Ifunwa kakhulu eColombia ngomgangatho weenkuni zayo, kuba zenza imisebenzi emininzi yokuchwela ngomboko wayo, onganyangekiyo emanzini nakwezinye izinto zemozulu. Ngumthi omkhulu one-50 cm ububanzi kwaye ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-25 ukuphakama.
Mekhsikho
Ngeentlobo ezingama-382 zezityalo ezisengozini yokuphela ziphelile, eli lizwe lithathwa njengomnye wemimandla enezinto eziphilayo, urhulumente waseMexico wenza umsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo ophetheyo ekukhuthazeni ukukhuselwa kunye nokukhathalelwa kweentlobo ezingama-2500 XNUMX, nokwazisa abantu ubomi obuluhlaza. Kodwa ngendlela efanayo bavezwa kukugawulwa kwamahlathi okukhokelela kwizityalo ezisengozini yokuphela, phakathi kwazo oku kulandelayo kuyabonakala:
- Imammillaria mathildae: Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-cactus, ehlala eMexico. Ebonakaliswa ngameva kunye neentyatyambo, inesimo se-globose, ethathelwa ingqalelo emngciphekweni wokuphela kuba ingumhlaba oshushu kwaye belahlekelwa yindawo yabo yokuhlala.
- Lophophora diffusa okanye peyote: Endemic, yeyamaqela e-cacti, umahluko wokuba akhula ngamatye (i-rupicola), awanazo iintsiba ezinje nge-Mammillaria mathildae, ngokuchaseneyo athambile kwaye aluhlaza ngombala.
- IPterocereus gaumeri: IkwaCactus, enobude obuziimitha ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-16, zihlala zimile kwityholo kuba ziyakhula zingamaqela, luhlobo olunamalungu angaphezu kwali-9 kuhlobo lwayo, ziyadubula zivelise iziqhamo.
- Echinocereus lindsayi: Uphawu lwentyatyambo yayo kuba linokulinganisa ngaphezu kwale, bavelisa iziqhamo ezinokutyiwa. Ezi zisetyenziswe njengemihlobiso yeentyatyambo zazo ezintle, zivela kwiqela le-cacti kunye neentlobo ezingaphezu kwama-50 ezaziwayo.
- IArtichoke cactus: Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi peyotillo obregonito, uhlobo oluthile lwendalo, iyaziwa ukuba isetyenziswa njengesityalo esinganyangekiyo, indlela esetyenziswa njengonyango olunombono olubanzi, kwaye oku kukhokelele ekutshatyalalisweni kuyo yonke iMexico, kusibeka njengesityalo esengozini yokuphela.
EPeru
Ngama-318 ewonke iintlobo zezityalo ezisengozini yokuphathwaUkongeza ekubeni lilizwe elinemozulu ezahlukeneyo, iPeru ineentyatyambo ezizodwa, kuba nganye ihambelana nemozulu nganye. Nangona kunjalo, banoluhlu lweentlobo zezityalo ezisemngciphekweni, phakathi kwazo sinokuthi:
- Umhlume: Iimpawu zobukho bayo ngokucacileyo elwandle, ukunyamezela amanqanaba aphezulu oxinaniso lweetyuwa, uvelisa iziqhamo kwaye ufumaneka kunxweme lwePeru, unamasebe amade anokulinganisa ngaphezulu kweemitha ezili-16 ukuxhasa umgangatho wolwandle.
- La Puya Raimondi okanye iTatanca de Raimundo: Ekuqaleni sisuka ePeru naseBolivia, esi sityalo sinokulinganisa ukusuka kwi-3000 ukuya kwi-4500 yeemitha ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle, sivela kwiqela le-bromeliads kwaye olona phawu lwaso lubalaseleyo kukuba isityalo siyafa xa sifikelela kwiminyaka eyi-100, nangona le nto ingekabikho ngokwesayensi kuqinisekisiwe.
- Uzipho lekati: Imvelaphi yayo isuka kunxweme lwasePeru, yeyezityalo ezinwabuzelayo, inokuhamba inyuke iye kwiimitha ezili-14 ukuphakama kwaye ibonakaliswe yinyani yayo, kuba abantu bomthonyama bathi banokunyanga nasiphi na isifo ngesi sityalo singummangaliso.
- Umthi weQuinine: Nangona ixhaphake kwiAmazon, sinokuyifumana kwihlathi lasePeru. Inkulu ngobukhulu kodwa iyaphumelela kwiindawo ezinemozulu efumileyo.
Izityalo nabantu bahamba kunye, kuba baphefumla i-CO2 kwaye xa bephefumla benza ioksijini ebaluleke kakhulu kubomi boluntu, yenzelwe bona ukuba izanywe kangangoko ukukhusela zonke iindawo eziluhlaza, kuba ibiya kwenza njalo. jonga okuhle kuzo zombini iintlobo.