Izibonelelo ezilahlayo kunye neprosodic, ziyintoni kwaye zithini iintlobo zazo

nge Ukuqonda okungcono kwegrama Uhlobo ngalunye lwesicatshulwa luhlelwe ngokomxholo, izixhobo ezingafunekiyo ziyimfuneko kulungelelwaniso lwezinto zoncwadi ukuze ukuqonda kwazo kusebenze ngakumbi.

Uhlalutyo lwesicatshulwa ngasinye luya kugqiba ukuba lwakhiwe kakuhle na ngokohlobo lwalo kwaye lukwazi ukwenza ubuchule bophando kwimisebenzi efanelekileyo yomphandi.

Zintoni izibonelelo ezingavisisaniyo?

Zizicwangciso-qhinga zombutho zokuhlalutya izinto ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi, phantse zonke iintlobo zezicatshulwa zezolunye uhlobo lwezixhobo eziphikisayo, ukusebenza kwezi zicwangciso kukuba umfundi angaziqhelanisa nenjongo yombhali wesicatshulwa.

Emva koko, iququzelela Ufunda isicatshulwa ngokokuma kwayo. Ngokubanzi, isibonelelo ngasinye esichasayo sikhatshwa sisibonelelo seprosodic, esithunyelwa kwezinye izinto zokufunda ezinjengezwi kunye noxinzelelo.

Kwelinye ulungelelwaniso lweengcinga, igama elithi discursive resource libhekisa kwimeko yengqondo kunye nokuzithoba ekufuneka umbhali ngamnye anxibelelane nomfundi, apho izaci ezahlukeneyo zibonakalisiwe ezinxibelelene ngqo neenkcubeko kunye nemeko zentlalo apho umbhali eyinxalenye yombhali. yomsebenzi.

Iindidi zezixhobo

Ewe isixhobo ngasinye sichazwa ngokwemisebenzi yeetekisi eziziqulathayo, ukuqonda okungcono kunye nokwahlulahlulwa kwezixhobo eziphikisayo ezivela kwiprosodics, siqulunqe olu luhlu lulandelayo:

1. Ulwazelelo

Isekwe kuthelekiso lwezinto ezithile ezikhoyo kunye nengxoxo ephambili, injongo yeli nyathelo kukuququzelela ukuqonda komfundi okanye umphulaphuli.

Akufuneki wenze impazamo ngokudida umxholo "wokufanisa" kunye nalowo "mzekelo", kuba eyokuqala isetyenziselwa yenza uthelekiso olusekwe kwisiseko esinye okanye umbono, ngelixa lesibini, lisebenzisa iinyani eziqinisekisiweyo eziyisampulu yekhonkrithi eqinisekisa ukuthelekisa okubhaliweyo.

2. Izikhundla

Zisetyenziselwa ukunika uqinisekiso lokucinga kombhali othile, oko kukuthi, iikowuti kufuneka zisetyenziswe njengegama lokudumisa igama elidumileyo okanye ibinzana elithethwe ngumbhali othile.

Injongo yesicatshulwa kukwazi ukunika ukubaluleka kunye nokuthembeka kwimpikiswano ephakanyiswayo ngumntu opikisayo.

Umzekelo, umbhali ofuna phuhlisa isihloko esithile senzululwazi, Kuya kufuneka ucaphule kwizicatshulwa zakho isicatshulwa esivela kwisazinzulu esidumileyo okanye hayi, esijongana nesihloko esinye umntu ofuna ukuphikisa afuna ukusichaza, ngokusekwe koku, angenza ukuzikhusela okungcono kwingxoxo yakhe ethi, ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, isekwe kwizinto eziphathekayo.

3. Ingcaciso

Isetyenziselwa ukuphikisana ngombono, ngakumbi ukucaciswa kweekhonsepthi ezithile, umzekelo ocacileyo wenzeka xa umntu ophakamisa ingxoxo kufuneka abonise ulwazi olufunyenwe kuloo ndawo kwaye kutheni kubalulekile ukucamngca ngengxoxo yakhe, ke yena Unokwenza ngakumbi ngokucacileyo umbono wakho.

4. Umzekelo

Esinye sezixhobo ezingathandekiyo ezijongwa njengokuhlalutya kulwalamano lwangoku kuluncedo ukwenza ukuqonda komfundi kube ngumsebenzi olula kakhulu.

Isibonelelo esifuneka kakhulu ngendlela yanamhlanje esifanele inkcazo yeziganeko ezahlukeneyo zobomi bemihla ngemihla

5. Ukuncinwa

Isetyenziselwa ukukwazi ukuphakamisa iingxaki ezahlukeneyo kumxholo ochaphazelekayo, ke umbhali kunye nomfundi banokubanika iimpendulo kwimibuzo ezayo enxulumene nentsingiselo yesicatshulwa.

Ngokufuna kwakho imibuzo buza impikiswano kunye nolwazi lomfundi, le nto ibangela ukuba afune ukubanjiswa ngembali.

6. Uhlalutyo lwengxoxo

Eli nyathelo libhekisa kwimeko yokufunda kwisicatshulwa esithile. Ngokusisiseko luhlalutyo lwendlela ulwimi olusetyenziswa ngayo kwisicatshulwa.

Iilwimi ezisetyenzisiweyo, i-rhetoric, i-pragmatics, i-stylistics kunye ne-linguistic textistic zihlalutyo ezenziwe kwintetho.

6.1 Iindidi zohlalutyo lwentetho

Kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo okanye iintlobo zohlalutyo lwentetho, umzekelo, intetho enzima okanye uhlalutyo lunxulunyaniswe nokutolika, ingcinga isemngciphekweni wokubulela kukungabikho komthetho kwindawo ebalulekileyo. Iziphumo zophando kufuneka zenze ukuba ingxoxo yomntu ivavanywe ngokupheleleyo.

Umgangatho wentetho esetyenziselwa ukuhambisa impikiswano kufuneka ichane ngokuchanekileyo, ukuze iqhubeke ngokuhamba kwexesha njengefanelekileyo.

Zeziphi izibonelelo zeprosodic?

Ngokungafaniyo nezixhobo ezilahlayo, izixhobo zeprosodic zizixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngabantu ukugqithisa ulwazi ngomlomo nangokuchanekileyo.

Olu hlobo lonxibelelwano lusetyenziswa ikakhulu ziinkampani kunye nabacinga nzulu ukuba babenako ukuba nonxibelelwano olusebenzayo nezihlwele ezithi zilawule iinkalo ezithile.

Kwakhona kubomi bemihla ngemihla bomntu oqhelekileyo, izixhobo zeprosodic ziluncedo olukhulu ukuze ukwazi ukubhekisa kwabanye ngendlela echanekileyo nechanekileyo phantsi kwemigangatho yonxibelelwano echanekileyo.

Zisetyenziselwa ukufunda ngokuvakalayo uxwebhu okanye ngokulula ukuze zikwazi ukubonisa iingxoxo ngokufanelekileyo nangokuthe ngqo.

Zeziphi izibonelelo zeprosodic?

Kulapho eli gama libhekisa kuzo zonke iindlela zonxibelelwano ezibandakanya ii-kinesics okanye ulwimi olungathethiyo.

Isimo, ukuzithemba nokuzithemba zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni ngokukuko kwezi ntlobo zezixhobo. Umntu onezi mpawu zintle unethuba elikhulu lokuphumelela xa kuziwa ukunxibelelana nabantu besithathu.

Ewe kunjalo, ukubaluleka kwabo banika iimfuno zabo zonxibelelwano kunye nexesha abalityala ekuzifundeni kubalulekile ekusebenziseni ngokuchanekileyo izibonelelo zeprosodic.

Kuba kuyo yonke imimandla yobomi iya kuba yimfuneko, ngakumbi ngakumbi kwinqanaba lomsebenzi, apho ubungcali kufuneka buchaze ikhonkrithi kunye nemibono yabo echanekileyo ukuze bafezekise iinjongo ezihambelana nesikhundla abakuso.

Kwinqanaba leemvakalelo, kwicala labo, banokulungiselela ubudlelwane babantu ngokubenza babe nakho ngokwentlalontle ukuba babonakalise iimvakalelo kunye neengcinga ngokwexesha abahlala kulo, ngokufutshane, iyabanceda abantu ukuba babe nokubumbana ukuze bazivakalise.

Iindidi zezixhobo zeprosodic

Ukuze ube noluvo olucacileyo noluchanekileyo malunga nokwahluka kwezixhobo ezilahlayo ezinazo kwizixhobo zeprosodic, kuya kufuneka wazi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zeprosodic:

1. Imvakalo-zwi

Ukwahluka kwetoni yelizwi ngokubhekisele kwiimvakalelo okanye iingcinga ekufuneka ziye ngqo umyalezo kumzuzu othile wencoko okanye kufundwa.

Ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana nomyalezo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe imvakalozwi eyahlukeneyo yelizwi, eyahlukileyo kwiimpawu ezifanayo ukuze ukucaca kunye nokwamkela kubengcono.

Umzekelo, isihobe asinakuculwa ngelizwi elinyanzelisayo nelinogonyamelo ukuba umxholo wombongo unothando kwaye umnandi.

El ivolumu yelizwi kwaye ubungqongqo okanye ukuthamba kwamagama zihambelana nelizwi.

2. Iimvakalelo

Eli nqaku linokufezekisa ukuba umntu ophikisanayo udala uvelwano kuluntu ekubhekiswa kulo, imvakalelo esithethiyo esihlangabezana nayo ngokwemo yeemvakalelo kunye nengqondo ithi inalo mzuzu isemngciphekweni.

3. Umthamo

Umthamo ofanelekileyo wokuvakaliswa kwezivakalisi ezahlukeneyo uya kugqiba ukuba intetho okanye intetho iyaphumelela okanye hayi.

Ulwimi oludluliswa ngethoni yelizwi engahambelaniyo nomyalezo, ixesha nendawo aluthathelwa ngqalelo ngokupheleleyo ngabantu abawumamelayo.

4. Isichazi

La indlela yokubiza amagamaIndlela ileta nganye ebizwa ngayo ngokwegama layo ibalulekile kumyalezo ngqo wokufikelela kumthumeli; ISpanish, lolunye lolona lwimi lutyebileyo emhlabeni, lubonelela ngeendlela ezimangalisayo zokubonisa iimvakalelo kunye neengcinga, nangona kunjalo, kukho amagama afanayo, kodwa intsingiselo yawo yahluke ngokupheleleyo kolunye.

Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuchazwa kwesichazi ngokuchanekileyo nangokucothayo kuya kuthi kumisele ukusebenza konxibelelwano, kokubini kukhuphe kwaye kufuneka babandakanyeke ngokuthe ngqo kumbono ophambili wesicatshulwa okanye ukubalisa.

5. Ukuphindaphinda

Isetyenziswa xa umyalezo ungafikanga ngokupheleleyo eluntwini okanye xa umthumeli efuna ukuveza impikiswano yakhe ngendlela enzulu.

6. Ukucaciswa

Zizalathiso ezichanekileyo zoko kuthethwayo, kwaye yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuchaza izimvo kwakhona kwaye ubenakho ukubuyela kwimpikiswano ephambili ngaphandle kokuba umphulaphuli aphazanyiswe kwinjongo yesithethi.

7. Isikweko

Izikweko ziluncedo ukuze ukwazi ukuzenza uthelekiso lwefilosofi Ezihambelana nesihloko esiphambili. Konke kuxhomekeke kubaphulaphuli ekubhekiswa kubo isikweko, umzekelo, abaphulaphuli ababandakanya abantu abadala abancinci banokwenza ukuhanjiswa komyalezo kubonakaliswe kwimifanekiso.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba abaphulaphuli bancinci kakhulu kwaye baphumle ngakumbi, ukusetyenziswa kwesikweko kunokuba sisiphazamiso kumyalezo obuzwayo, kubangele ukuba umthumeli aphulukane nomtya wengxoxo yakhe.

Ukufumana ingcaciso emfutshane yesikweko, kunokufundwa imizekelo efana nale: isifuba ”. Ngokwako, ukwanga akukwazi ukukhuthaza nasiphi na isincoko kulowo usamkelayo, kungasathethwa ke ngelizwi kunye nobushushu obukhutshwe ngumzimba womntu lowo ugonileyo. yindlela nje yokubonisa iimvakalelo.

8. The lekiso

Benza ukuba umthumeli awudlulise umyalezo ucace ngakumbi kwaye ucace ngakumbi ngokufaka imifanekiso esele eyazi engqondweni yomphulaphuli, ukuze owesibini abe nombono ongcono wengxoxo yomkhupheli wakhe.

9. Iingqungquthela

Zizibaxi ezisetyenziswa kunxibelelwano lomlomo ukuze kuveliswe ifuthe elingakumbi ngomyalezo oza kudluliselwa, yiyo loo nto umbonisi eqinisekisa ukuba ingxoxo yakhe ibonakalisiwe ngaphakathi kwengqondo yomphulaphuli, ivelisa isiphumo esifana nesothelekiso.