Iyaziwa ngamachiza okwenziwa njengayo nayiphi na imveliso esetyenziswa yiIzinto zeekhemikhali, Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinto ezinokufunyanwa okanye eziveliswe ngokucacileyo ngemvelaphi yendalo. Kufuneka iqatshelwe into yokuba la sele sele ekho amachiza sele etshintshwa ngokuguqula imeko yazo yemichiza.
Ingabhekisa nakwizinto ezinamagama ezihombiso zemolekyuli ezahlukileyo kwezo zesintu ezinefuthe elinamandla, ukuba impendulo yazo ixhomekeke emzimbeni womntu kwaye iyafana naleyo yamayeza aqhelekileyo nalawo angekho mthethweni.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iziyobisi zokwenziwa zihlala zihlala cuphawu ngokuthengiswa ngokufihlakeleyo Ayisiyiyo kuphela ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kwemithetho kodwa nokuthintela imithetho ebekwe kwiziyobisi ezijongwa njengeziyobisi ngenxa yeempembelelo zazo zengqondo ezifuna ukuba kufunyanwe iyeza.
Ngaba uyazi ukuba yintoni umphumo wengqondo? Ayisiyonto ngaphandle kokutshintsha okuveliswa zizinto ezithile kwinkqubo ye-nervous system (CNS), ebangela utshintsho oluthile kwimisebenzi yayo. Kufuneka iqatshelwe into yokuba iziphumo zengqondo kunye nokufumana iziphumo zengqondo, ezibandakanya iseti yeemvakalelo, imbono, iimvakalelo ezithi zenzeke kumntu ophantsi kweziphumo zento yokusebenza kwengqondo.
Zithini iziyobisi zokwenziwa?
Zokwenziwa iinnabinoids
Ngokwenyani ikopi yentsangu, eneneni, igama layo lithetha ukuba 'iyafana' kuyo kwaye njengoko ivelisa into efanayo naleyo ithethwayo, nangona ingenazo izinto ezifanayo zeemolekyuli okanye ziyafana.
Lelinye lamachiza okwenziwa ahlala enziwe ngamachiza alulwelo kwaye atshizwe kuthotho lwamayeza emva koko atshaywe ngokungathi yintsangu. Isityalo esisetyenziswa rhoqo yiLa Damiana, Ikwanayo nendalo sisiyobisi esikhuthazayo esivelisa uvuyo.
Ngokwengxelo yabo bayisebenzisileyo, iphinda phinda isiphumo sokuba intsangu inokubangela ntoni; ukuqala ngempendulo ecothayo eyonyusa amandla ngokuhamba kwexesha. Phakathi kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ukubetha, ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo (tachycardia), ukudideka, isiyezi, isicaphucaphu siye sabhalwa. Kwaye iimeko zixeliwe apho umntu abonisa iintlungu zesifuba ngomonakalo wentliziyo kunye nezinye iziphumo ezinamandla.
Indlela yokuhambisa ikhethekileyo, kuba zihlala zithengiswa ngefoyile ye-aluminium ezibizwa okanye zabhalwa njenge K2, K3 Legal, Spice, Spice Gold, Diesel, King Kong, Cloud 9 (Cloud 9). Ngapha koko, kwezinye iimeko ifunyenwe phantsi kwegama lesiqhumiso.
Le mifuno iyaziwa ngokwenzululwazi ngegama layo elibandakanya iileta kunye neenombolo:
I-JWH-018, iJWH-073, iJWH-370
HU-210
I-CP 47.497
I-AM-1248
XLR-11
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isichazi esithi JWH sibhekisa kwigama likaJohn W. Huffman, usokhemisi owenza uphando olwahlukileyo olubalulekileyo, kubandakanya nokuzama ukufumana iziyobisi kubantu abane-multiple sclerosis okanye i-AIDS.
Isiyobisi
I-Opium yinqanaba lezinto okanye izinto zitsalwe kwiipilisi zeepoppy zokwenyani (Esisityalo esinamagqabi) apho kulindwe khona iziyobisi kunye neziyobisi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-morphine kunye nezinye ii-alkaloids.
Iziphumo zalo ziqala ukuzibonakalisa ngokuphumla kancinci okunyukayo de kuye kuzele kwaye kwandise amandla kwiimvakalelo kuwo wonke umzimba wokurhawuzelela, ukurhawuzelela kude kube kunyamalala naziphi na iintlungu (kwimeko yokuba zinazo), zandisa ukuqonda okuchukumisayo.
Isityalo simhlophe, mfusa kunye / okanye i-fuchsia kwaye ubungakanani bayo buyahluka, bekwazi ukukhula ukuya kwimitha enye enesiqingatha.
Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubuyela emva kwiminyaka, apho amaGrike ayisebenzisa njengeyeza kunye nemidlalo. Oku kwagqitywa kwi-infusions okanye ngesityalo esiluhlaza xa kufikwa kwizinyo, imfiva, ukwenza abantwana balale okanye njenge-antidiarrheal.
Ukulungiswa kwe-opium kuqala ngokunqunyulwa kwentloko-nokuba luhlaza-kwesityalo xa intyatyambo ingenamagqabi, Oko kukuthi, kwiintsuku emva kokuba amagqabi ewile kwiintyatyambo. Ukusikeka kubangela ukuba ophilayo aqale ukuphuma kwilatex emhlophe kunye nobisi, ethi xa yoma ijike ibe yintsimbi emdaka enamathelayo.
Kwaye loo resin ikhutshiwe kwiintloko ngaloo ndlela ifumana i-opium eyiyo kunye necocekileyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, ukuba ivumelekile ukuba yome ixesha elide, iyajika ibe lilitye elimnyama nelikristalli ngakumbi ngelixa ilahlekelwa ngamanzi kwaye ijolise kwii-alkaloids.
I-Opium ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, ukutshaya yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo, kuqala kwinkqubo apho ihlanjululwa khona emanzini, ifudunyezwe bubushushu obuphantsi kwaye yahluzwa. Emva koko, iyavuselelwa de amanzi anyuke abe ngumphunga, ishiye imveliso elungisiweyo- kunye noxinaniso olomeleleyo lwe morphine - ilungele ukutshaya.
- Abanye bakhetha ukufudumeza imela baze bayincamathisele kwilitye leopium ukuze bawuphefumlele ngaphakathi umsi ngefanele. Abanye baya rhoqo kumbhobho, nangona kunjalo oku kufuneka kube sisifungo sesinyithi ukuze imveliso ifike emathunjini. Kuqhele ukwenziwa kusetyenziswa ifoyile yealuminium.
- Kufuneka iqatshelwe ukuba akunakwenzeka ukulungiselela iicigars ngeopium kuba iphulukana nokusebenza ngokungafikeleli kubushushu obufanelekileyo.
- Kuyenzeka ukuba uyifunxe kwaye ngale ndlela ichaphazele ngaphezulu kokutshaya. Xa zigqitywe ngomlomo, iziphumo zinokuthatha malunga nesiqingatha seyure ukuya kwiiyure ezimbini ukuqala; ukulawula ukuhlala ukusuka kwiiyure ezisibhozo ukuya kwishumi elinesine.
- Okokugqibela, enye yeendlela ezinokwenzeka zokusebenzisa esona siyobisi sidala senziwe, kukudibanisa okubizwa ngokuba sisisane kwaye kulungiswa ngokutyumza isityalo esomisiweyo.
Ketamine
Lelinye lamayeza okwenziwa, ekuqaleni isetyenziswe njengesixhobo sokuzolisa abantu de yavalwa ngenxa yeziphumo zayo ebezingalindelekanga- kuthathelwa ingqalelo kungathandeki-, apho kuye kwakho imibono nemibono. Ke ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwakuqhelekile ngokukodwa kwizilwanyana.
Ineenkcazo-ntetho ezininzi, oko kukuthi, inokufumaneka kulwelo, kwipilisi okanye kwifom, enikezela ngeendlela ezininzi zokusebenzisa ezibandakanya ukubanakho ukutshaya, ukuphefumla okanye ukujova; ukusebenzisa zombini emthanjeni nakwisihlunu.
Xa itshayiwe ihlala ixutywe namayeza kwaye ikwimo yayo engamanzi ihlala iboniswa njengamathontsi, ivumela ukuba isetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo emehlweni, kulusu okanye kwisiselo.
Yimveliso enefuthe lokuthamba, ukungazibandakanyi, oko kukuthi, ukunqunyulwa kokuzazi kunye neengcinga zethu, kunye nemibono.
Isasazwa kwiipilisi ezimhlophe, umgubo omhlophe okanye iibhotile zolwelo ngenaliti, phantsi kwegama likaVitamin K, Special K, Super K, Kit Kat, Jet, K, Lady K, Super Acid (okanye), Cat Valium.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba enye yeendlela ezilula zokufikelela kuzo kukweba kwiindawo zonyango lwezilwanyana.
Hallucinogens
Ngokuqinisekileyo ezi sele ubazi, ziintlobo ngeentlobo zamachiza okwenziwa abonakala ngokutshintsha imbono yenyani evela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngokubonakalayo, ukuva, ukuva, ukuva kunye nezinye.
Iziphumo zinamandla kakhulu kwaye ziyahluka ngokwenani ledosi elisetyenzisiweyo, ikwayiyo imeko ekuyo. Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo nolunamandla lweemvakalelo zihlala zibonakaliswa. Ukuba iimvakalelo azibi, kunokubangela ukudideka kwengqondo, ukulahleka kwememori okanye ukuphazamiseka emntwini, kokubini esithubeni kunye nexesha.
IiHallucinogens luphawu lokwahluka kwezinye iziyobisi eziqhelekileyo zokwenziwa. Ezi zinto zivelisa impendulo yazo ngokuphazamisa ukuhlangana kweeseli zemithambo-luvo kunye ne-neurotransmitter serotonin. Kwaye inkqubo ye-serotonin inamandla amaninzi kulawulo lokuziphatha, ukuqonda kunye neenkqubo zolawulo, ngaphandle kokushiya imo yendlala, indlala, ubushushu bomzimba, indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo, ulawulo lwemisipha kunye nokuqonda kweemvakalelo; Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuhanjiswa kulawula ingqondo kunye nomqolo womqolo.
Ezinye ii-hallucinogens, ngaphambi kokufikelela kwinkqubo echazwe kumhlathi odlulileyo, zilahlekelwa zizinto zemolekyuli yazo. Umzekelo ocacileyo woku yimeko ye-psilocybin, efumaneka kwifungi yohlobo lwe-psilocybe. Xa sele ingaphakathi komzimba womntu ilahlekelwa yi-phosphorus radical kwaye oku kukhokelela ekubeni ibe yi-psilocin, ethi, ngokwezifundo, yeyona nto ikhupha inkqubo kwinkqubo yeemvakalelo.
Phakathi kwezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu yi-LSD, i-psilocybin mushroom, i-ayahuasca, i-mescaline efumaneka kwi-peyote, kunye ne-cacti evela kusapho lakwaTrichocereus, nabanye.
Olunye uphawu lweziyobisi zokwenziwa kukuba xa imeko engentle, ukuthoba iimvakalelo, uloyiko kunye nokunye okunje kunamava kwiziphumo, kuhlala kusaziwa ngokuba 'luhambo olubi'. Ngenxa yempendulo, ukuba phantsi kwezi zinto zibangela ukuba kungabikho emhlabeni kodwa emoyeni, ukuhamba.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho abantu abathi banamava okubona imifanekiso, ukuva izinto kwaye ngokubanzi, befumana izinto ezingaphaya kovakalelo lweemvakalelo.
Zizidakamizwa ezinokuphikisana ngenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwazo kudibaniswa nezenzo zonqulo ezikhokelela ekugxininiseni ukucamngca nokuthetha nawe okanye nookhokho bakho (isenzo esenziwa ngabantu bomthonyama ngesiphuzo se-ayahuasca). Kwinto ekwabizwa ngokuba ngamachiza abonwayo, avula ingqondo yakho, avuselele ukucinga, izimvo kwaye mhlawumbi anokunceda ekuqhubekeni kokubonisa okunika izinto ezilungileyo kutshintsho olucebisayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuzonwabisa kwayo kunye nokusetyenziswa okugqithileyo, kubangela umonakalo omkhulu, ukukwazi ukulahla ngokupheleleyo umbono womntu, ngaphandle kwethemba lokubuya. Ke iyaqhubeka ukubonisa ingozi. Ukongeza ekubeni ngunobangela weziganeko apho abantu bengazaziyo izinto abazenzayo okanye balahlekileyo / batshintshe umbono wezinto abazicingayo ngezinto ezingalunganga.
Phenethylamines
Ezi zizinto ezikhuthazayo ezivela kwezo sele zichaziwe, oko kukuthi, ii-hallucinogens. Kwaye kule kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezizimeleyo okanye ezaziwayo. Oku kubandakanya:
Ugcino
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-MDMA okanye i-molly, yenye yezona ziyobisi zithandwayo kungekuphela kweli qela kodwa ngokubanzi, ngenxa yokusebenzisa kakhulu izinto zokuzonwabisa ezinjengeekhonsathi, imidlalo, amaqela, iiklabhu zomculo, phakathi kwabanye. Njenge-hallucinogens, ikwanamandla okuguqula umbono womntu, kuphela koko, kugxila kwindlebe, ukubonwa kunye neqhinga, oko kukuthi, kukhulisa umbono omncinci womculo kunye nezibane, yiyo loo nto ityiwa kwiindawo zeeklabhu zasebusuku. .
Ngokubamba kwebala, impendulo yimvakalelo yokuziva ulusu, ukuziva usondele kwabanye abantu kwaye uthandana kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, inezinye iziphumo ezithi, ngenxa yovuselelo oluphezulu, yonyuse ukubetha kwentliziyo, ukuphefumla, inyuse ubushushu bomzimba kwaye iqale ukufumana uloyiko, ipharanoya, phakathi kwezinye ezenza ukuba umntu angalawulwa kwaye anganobungozi bokungayi okanye ukuphendula kakuhle imeko ibonisiwe.
Esinye isiphumo esibi kukuba kubangela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kwaye abantu abaninzi babhubhile ngenxa yemisebenzi exakekileyo kangangokuba bayatshisa kwaye badiniwe.
Xa isiphumo siqala ukuphela, inkampu okanye ukungcangcazela kunamava kwimisipha, ngakumbi ebusweni. Eli chiza lihlala lithengiswa kwiipilisi ezihlala zigximfizwa okanye ziyilwe 'ngolonwabo' kwaye zifakwe kwiibhokisi okanye ngokukodwa.
Iilingeptamines
Zikwiziyobisi ze-hallucinogenic kwaye iimpembelelo zazo ziyafana kakhulu nezo ze-psilocybin, angamakhowa omlingo esiwaqaqambisile kwimihlathi edlulileyo. Iziphumo zibonakaliswa kukugqwetha ixesha, iaudiyo kunye nombono; kwaye ihlala ibangela imeko egqithileyo kwaye ikude kakhulu kwisizathu sokuqonda okanye sokuqiqa sokuba kutheni umntu esezintweni eziphezulu zokwenza izinto ezinobungozi nezingenakulungiseka ngokungazi kwaye / okanye akwazi ukucinga ngokucacileyo ngaphambili. Ukusetyenziswa kwexabiso eliphezulu kunokubangela i-amnesia yexeshana.
Phakathi kweminye imiphumo emibi kunye nokubi, ukungazinzi, ukuxhatshazwa kwemisipha ukuya kwinqanaba lokukwazi ukuphula izicubu zomzimba; ukudideka, unxunguphalo, isicaphucaphu.
Izinto zalo zeemolekyuli zahlukile, akukho ndlela ikhethekileyo, zezi:
I-Alpha-O (5-MeO-DMT)
I-Foxy-methoxy (5-MeO-DPT)
I-AMT (iAlfa-methyltryptamine)
I-5-HTP. 52
Kwaye zithengiswa nge-powders kwingxowa ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ebhalwe phantsi okanye phantsi kwegama "iikhemikhali zophando."
IPiperazine kunye neziphumo zayo
Zizinto ezikhuthazayo eziqale ekuqaleni njengezinto zokulwa nokudakumba, de kube iziphumo zabo zithathwa njengezingalunganga ebantwini; emva koko indalo yayo yorhwebo okanye ifomula yemolekyuli yalahlwa Ukongeza, kunokwenzeka ukuba zidityaniswe neamphetamines, kunye necocaine, kunye ne ketamine okanye ne ecstasy; enokuphinda kabini iziphumo zayo.
Ezi zithengiswa kwiipilisi eziqhelekileyo kumatheko kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zidlula njengemveliso yendalo / yeyeza, kodwa akunjalo. Enye yeendlela zayo zokuhanjiswa njengeetyuwa zokuhlamba, ezimhlophe okanye umgubo omncinci kakhulu osebhotileni okanye kwizingxobo.
Nokuba ayisiyonto ithile, banokwahluka kwaye kuxhomekeke koku, iziphumo ziya kuxhomekeka, nangona ukuphathwa gadalala kwabo kubangela iimpendulo ngokubanzi ezinje ngexhala, ukungabinamdla wokutya, intloko, utshintsho lweemvakalelo, ukudideka, ukugodola, ukothuka, ukukhubazeka -ulawulo, ubuntununtunu obubonakalayo (izibane) kunye nesandi (ingxolo), ukugodola, phakathi kwabanye. Umahluko ngokwawo kubume beemolekyuli zininzi kwaye apha sibalaselisa i-3:
- I-BZP (1-Benzylpiperazine) -enye yezona zaziwayo kule klasi yeziyobisi zokwenziwa. Bayibiza ngokuba yi-X esemthethweni, i-PeP X okanye i-A2.
- Iyeza elifanayo elibizwa ngokuba yi-mCPP, elafunyanwa linesithako esongezelelweyo esenza ukuba kungabikho semthethweni kwisiqingatha sezintlu zamachiza kwimarike yaseYurophu.
- I-TFMPP yi-1- (3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl) piperazine.
I-Empatogen-entactogen
Zindidi ngeendidi zeeklasi zezinto ezisebenza ngengqondo ezibonakaliswa kukuchaphazela imeko yezentlalo kunye neemvakalelo ezibangela umdma / ukonwaba. Olunye uphawu kukuba iimpendulo zabo zichasene kwaphela nezo zibangelwa yimethamphetamine kunye ne-amphetamine, okanye ezamachiza aphambili e-psychedelic anjenge-LSD okanye i-psilocybin.
Ezi mpendulo zihlala zinxulunyaniswa neemvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo ezinxulumene nothando, uvelwano kunye nothando nabanye abantu, usondela kubo ngokweemvakalelo.
Sisiyobisi esingaziwa kakhulu ngaphandle kweengxelo zabo basisebenzisileyo kunye nemibono embalwa eqikelela okanye eyahlula ngokwamaqela athile.
Amachiza esintu aneempembelelo zeekhemikhali
Le yimeko entsha ekudalweni kwamachiza okwenziwa, kuba enziwe ngokukodwa ngesiseko semifuno kodwa iimpendulo zawo zomelele okanye ziyafana nezo zeemveliso zamachiza. Ukongeza, zibonakaliswa ziindleko kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.
Phakathi kweli qela kukho:
ikratom: Le mveliso imalunga nechiza elikhutshiweyo kumagqabi omthi kumazantsi mpuma e-Afrika nakwiidosi ezincinci, ihlala isebenza njengesikhuthazi, kodwa xa idosi iphezulu, impendulo yayo iqala ukulingana nokuthomalalisa.
Olunye lweempawu okanye inyani enomdla kukuba sisiyobisi esisemthethweni kodwa siyabuzwa kuba sinokuba likhoboka kakhulu.
USalvia DivinorumYenziwe ngesityalo saseMexico esine-hallucinogen enamandla kwiipropathi zayo. Kwaye nangona iziphumo zilixesha elifutshane, zinokuba namandla okanye zibe namandla, ezinokuphelisa ukuba, umzekelo, zinobundlobongela.
Njengeziyobisi ezomeleleyo ezifana ne-LSD, oku kudla ngokutshaywa ngumntu omnye kwinkampani yomnye oza kujonga kwaye amkhathalele umsebenzisi, kuba kuqhelekile okanye kukho amathuba aphezulu okuba kubekhona ixesha elifutshane leyo inemania enzima okanye isifo sengqondo.
khat: Sisityalo semveli seMpuma Afrika kunye nokusetyenziswa kwaso ngomlomo, oko kukuthi, amagqabi ayahlafunwa ukuze afezekise iziphumo zawo ezikhuthazayo. Kule mveliso yendalo sisiyobisi seCatinone, esona sizathu siphambili kwaye sithathwa kuloo magqabi.
Inyaniso enomdla kwaye ebalulekileyo kukuba ezinye zezona ziyobisi ziyingozi zisebenzayo kwimarike, zenziwe ukuba zifane okanye zilingane nale nto.
I-Anabolic steroids
Le yimveliso ye-steroid ethathwe kwi-testosterone kwaye eyona njongo yabo iphambili kukwehlisa ngokweemichiza i-androgenic kunye ne-virilizing effects, ebangela ukwanda kwezenzo ze-anabolic.
Ubukho beziphumo ezingathandekiyo bunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokwenziwa kweemetabolites eziveliswe ngexesha loguquko oluchaphazela testosterone yeplasma. Enye into enomdla, kubalulekile ukongeza kukuba ukongeza koku, ii-anabolic androgens, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi "steroids", zibangela iziphumo ezibi kumandla esini emadodeni, phakathi kwawo olona tshintsho lubangela ukuyilwa kwe-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) kunye ne-estrogens.
Lelinye lamayeza okwenziwa asetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimbaleki; okoko, ukuba ngexesha lokutya utya ukutya okunobutyebi beekhalori kunye neeproteni, esinye sezona ziphumo sikhulu kukukhula ngokukhawuleza kobunzima bomzimba kunye namandla, kodwa ngendlela ephawulekayo nebaxekileyo.
Ezi ziphumo ziqinisekileyo zezona zihlala zibangela ukuba likhoboka, kodwa idosi ephezulu ineziphumo ezibi zengqondo ezibandakanya ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukungaziphathi kakuhle, ukwanda kobundlongondlongo ("umsindo we-steroid"), ukuba nochuku, uxinzelelo kunye nokuxhomekeka.
Iziyobisi ngokuchasene nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile
Ibonakaliswa njengesiyobisi "sezesondo", ikwangoyena unamandla kwicandelo laso ngenxa yenqanaba lokuxhomekeka elinokubangela umntu lowo.
Ayisetyenziswanga ngokufanelekileyo kuphela kwabo bahluphekayo yile meko, kodwa kunye nokunyusa amandla ezesondo okanye ukwenza ulwakhiwo luhlale ixesha elide kunokuba kufanelekile ukuze kwandiswe isenzo sesondo.
Phakathi kweempawu ezithandwa kakhulu yi-viagra, i-cialis kunye ne-levitra, ziyafana, kodwa ezinye zandisa isiphumo ngaphezulu kwezinye; eyingozi ngokupheleleyo kuba inokukhokelela ekuthambekeni, okuyilolongezo olude nokuba sekupheleni kwesenzo sesondo.
Nangona ezi ziyobisi zimbini zokugqibela zingeyiyo i-hallucinogenic, kwaye azibangeli ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ziyakwenza oko ngokwasemzimbeni kwaye zilikhoboka ngokulinganayo kwaye zixhomekeke.