Amachiza oxinzelelo aqhubeka echaphazela uluntu, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwawo kungaphantsi kwesiyobisi esivuselelayo, kuyaqhubeka ukonakalisa iingxaki zangaphakathi zamazwe.
Abanye abantu basebenzisa olu hlobo lweziyobisi ukuze bafumane izibonelelo ezithile ezibanika uxolo lwengqondo kwaye zibenze baphephe iingxaki zemihla ngemihla, kwezinye iimeko injongo yendalo yayo yayikukubonelela abaguli abakwezempilo ezinzulu ngonciphiso. yeentlungu kunye nokubandezeleka okubangelwa zizifo ezahlukeneyo.
Zithini iziyobisi?
Kwicandelo lezonyango, igama elithi iziyobisi libhekisa kwinto esetyenziselwa ukuphilisa okanye yokunyanga imeko ethile yezempilo.
Ngamagama aqhelekileyo igama droga ibhekisa kwizinto ezinokusetyenziswa kwengqondo ezingekho mthethweni.
Iyeza linokuguqula iimvakalelo, iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo zomntu ozisebenzisayo, le nto iyingozi ibangela ukuba likhoboka kwaye inokubulala.
Iziyobisi zenzeka ngenxa yamahomoni afihlwa yingqondo kwaye avelisa ulonwabo, athi asasazeke xa umntu esebenzisa naluphi na uhlobo lweziyobisi.
Isidingo sokutya siyanda ngakumbi kwaye sisenza imeko yokuxhomekeka kunye nokulutha kumntu ngamnye.
Yintoni uxinzelelo?
Yikhemikhali echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo imisebenzi yengqondo kunye nokunciphisa imisebenzi yenkqubo ye-nervous system.
Zisetyenziselwa amayeza njenge iipilisi zokulala, amayeza okuthomalalisa iintlungu, kunye nokunciphisa iintlungu, Ukusetyenziswa kwabo kufuneka kusoloko kugadwe yingcali.
Kwelinye icala, zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezinganyangiyo ezichaphazela ubomi bomntu ozisebenzisayo, ngokubanzi umntu ufumana uxinzelelo ngokungekho mthethweni, oya kuthi avelise ukuxhomekeka ngamandla kunye nokulutha kwixesha elide.
Ukuba likhoboka lolu hlobo lonyango kubangelwa ikakhulu kukungalingani kwemvakalelo okanye kwengqondo okukhoyo kwimisebenzi yabo banengxaki kuyo.
Isidingo sokuphepha iingxaki zemihla ngemihla sesona sizathu siphambili sokulutha kolu hlobo lwamayeza.
Zithini iziyobisi zokudakumba?
Kuba uyawazi amagama "iziyobisi" kunye "Uxinzelelo”, Siqhubeka nokuchaza ukuba zeziphi na iziyobisi zokudakumba: ezi ntlobo zezinto zihambelana ngqo nemisebenzi yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
Olu hlobo lweziyobisi lubonelelwa ngokusemthethweni ngoochwephesha bezengqondo, oogqirha bengqondo kunye nabanye oochwephesha bezempilo ukunciphisa ifuthe loxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo, ngamanye amaxesha isigulana sinamagunya okuzinyanga, nangona kunjalo bayaqhubeka nokujongwa rhoqo ngonyango.
Ingxaki ngobukho beli hlobo leziyobisi kukusetyenziswa ngokungekho mthethweni kwabanye abantu, nokuba kungenxa yokuzityebisa okanye ukusetyenziswa rhoqo.
Amachiza oxinzelelo ayinxalenye yesifo sentlalontle, nangona kuyinyani ukuba ixesha elinikiweyo linike igalelo elikhulu kwilizwe lezamayeza, nangona kunjalo, kuzise njengesiphumo sokuba abantu abanokuziphatha gwenxa bakwazi ukufikelela kolu hlobo lwe-narcotic.
Amatyala anje ngentsangu kunye necocaine yimizekelo yeziyobisi ezidakumbisayo ichaphazela ngqo inkqubo ye-nervous system.
Izixhobo
Kuyimfuneko ukuba uthathe ingqalelo yokuba uxinzelelo lweziyobisi luchaphazela ngqo ukusebenza kwengqondo kunye nenkqubo ye-nervous system.
Ezi ntlobo zezinto zinako izicwili zengqondo ze-atrophy kunye nokunciphisa ubukhulu bayo.
Nangona ingezizo zonke iintlobo zoxinzelelo ezibangela iimpawu ezifanayo, ezinje ngotywala, ezingabelani ngeempawu ezifanayo neheroin okanye intsangu, iyehlisa ukusebenza kwengqondo yomlutha.
Imvelaphi yolu hlobo lweziyobisi
Imvelaphi ngqo yezi ndidi zamachiza ayifakwanga kwixesha elithile. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ukusetyenziswa kwegqabi intsangu kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezikhutshwe kwindalo zibandakanyiwe kwizithethe ezahlukeneyo zobugqi okanye ezonyango.
I ziphumo
Inye yezinto zoxinzelelo ezixinzelelweyo ezineziphumo ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yoko zihlala zinomahluko othile kuzo, nangona kunjalo zinokwabelana ngeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Kuzo zonke iimeko, ukusebenza kwengqondo kuchaphazeleka ngokuthe ngqo kukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezidakumbisayo.
Ukongeza kumlutha onamandla wokuba umntu ehlupheka ngokubhekisele kwiziyobisi ezixinzelelekileyo, kukho ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibonakalisa zombini kwixesha elide nelifutshane njenge:
Ixesha elifutshane
Iziphumo eziphambili eziveliswa ngamachiza oxinzelelo kukucotha kokusebenza kwengqondo kwaye le nto inye yile kunciphisa ukukhuthazwa kwenkqubo ye-nervous central yomlutha.
Amachiza oxinzelelo kwiidosi eziphezulu kunokubangela iimpawu ezinjengokudinwa, ukuba nesiyezi, kunye nokuncipha kwengqwalaselo.
Ukungakwazi ukuthetha ngokuchanekileyo kubonakala ngaphakathi kwiziphumo zasemva kwamachiza.
Iimpawu zomzimba nazo zinokubonakala phakathi kwabo sisifo sorhudo, ubunzima kunye nokutsha xa uchama, ukwanda kwabafundi kunye nomkhuhlane.
Ixesha elide
Ezi zezona zinempembelelo enkulu kwimpilo yabantu, iziphumo zexesha elide zinokuthintela ubomi obugcweleyo kumakhoboka eziyobisi zokudakumba; Ukuxhomekeka kubo kuneempembelelo ezininzi ezinokuhlala ixesha elingaphezulu nokuba ziyanyangwa.
Ngesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba ukukhula kwabantu kuluxanduva ngokunokwenzeka, ukunqanda olu hlobo lomngcipheko wexesha elizayo, ochaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izinto ezahlukeneyo zentlalo.
Iindidi zamachiza oxinzelelo
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamachiza oxinzelelo, zihlelwa ngokwempembelelo eziyibangelayo kunye nobukrakra bokuxhomekeka, phakathi kwazo sifumana oku kulandelayo:
Ivula
Zizinto ezitsalwe kwimbewu nakwizityalo ezikhuliswe ikakhulu eMzantsi Merika, eAsia naseAfrika.
Ipoppy kunye neqhude ngamagama ezityalo ezinolu hlobo lwezinto. Ii-alkaloids ze-opium zezi zikhutshwa kuyo ukwenza ukwenziwa kweziyobisi zokudakumba.
Eli gama lisetyenziswe ngokungachanekanga ukubhekisa kuwo onke amachiza aneempembelelo ezinjengezo zikhoyo kwi-morphine.
La morphine, codeine kunye thebaine Zezona zinto ziphambili zeekhemikhali ezenziwe zii-opiates, nangona zingenampembelelo ngqo kwinkqubo ye-nervous system, zisengamachiza acinezelayo.
IHeroína
Olu hlobo lweziyobisi lunokutyiwa ngaphakathi okanye ngokutshaya, ukusetyenziswa kwalo kwindalo yonke kwaye kungunobangela weziyobisi ezininzi emhlabeni.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-heroin zibandakanya: ukuncipha kwamehlo, ukuba nesiyezi, ukuba likhoboka lemvakalelo, iimvakalelo zovuyo, ixesha elide lolonwabo olufana okanye lomelele kune-orgasm, ukuphumla, kunye ne-hyperactivity.
Oxycodone
Yinto esetyenziswa rhoqo kubemi baseMelika, yi i-opiate yesemisynthetic ethathwe kwi-thebina. Ukukhutshwa ngokulula kunye nokwenziwa kwesiyobisi kwenza ukuba kufikeleleke kuzo zonke iintlobo zabaphulaphuli.
Iziphumo zalo ziyafana kwaye zomelele ngakumbi kunezo zeheroin, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangela ukuxhuzula.
Imetadona
Eli chiza likwathengiswa ngentengiso nangokomthetho phantsi kwegama le-dolofin. Ngelishwa, injongo yendalo yayo yayikukuhambisa eli chiza kwizigulana ezinomlutha onamandla weheroin.
Sisiyobisi esenziwe ngemvelaphi yaseJamani esinemiphumo emibi efana nokuqunjelwa, uxinzelelo lokuphefumla, i-bradycardia, ukwanda komfundi, ukwanda kobushushu bomzimba kunye nokuxinana kweglucose egazini.
Kraton
Esi sityalo silusapho lwekofu, sisiyobisi esiguqukayo kakhulu esinezibonelelo zempilo ezingapheliyo, nangona kunjalo, sinokubangela iimeko eziqinisekileyo zokuxhomekeka ngenxa yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga esinazo; Eli chiza lidandathekisayo sisiyobisi esisetyenziswa endaweni yeopium
Utywala iEthyl
Ityiwa kakhulu kubemi behlabathi enencasa emnandi kunye neziyobisi. Utywala i-Ethyl ifunyanwa ngokubila iswekile kwiziqhamo.
Ukunikezelwa kotywala kuhlala kuthethwa ngomlomo kwaye ukungenisa kuhlala kuhlala kunciphisa inkqubo yokwetyisa. Kuthatha iiyure ezimbalwa ukuba umzimba uwufumane. Ngamanye amaxesha oku akwenzeki kwaye ukuzikhusela komzimba kuyanxila.
Ubuninzi botywala bonakalisa umonakalo kumalungu ohlukeneyo omzimba anje ngesisu, isibindi, izintso, ingqondo kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana negazi.
Iziphumo zotywala ziyahluka ngokwethamo umntu alisebenzisileyo, zikwachaphazela imeko yengqondo yomthengi, zivelisa ulonwabo olubenza baphephe inyani kunye neengxaki.
Imisebenzi yeemoto yomlutha ichaphazelekayo ukusetyenziswa kotywala, inokuphazamisana nemisebenzi yomzimba ebangela ukuphazamiseka kweemoto.
Kwinqanaba leemvakalelo nezengqondo, utywala bunokuza neziphumo ezihle ezingabonakaliyo okomzuzwana kumntu obuselayo.
ICarisoprodol
Isetyenziswa njenge izihlunu ziyaphumla ebangela ukozela, kuphunyezwa kunyango oluqhelekileyo ukunciphisa izihlunu ezomeleleyo kunye nezinye iimeko ezinxulumene nentlungu yomhlunu.
Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwesi siyobisi ngumntu olikhoboka kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezibulalayo njengokugqithisa ngaphezulu okanye uhlaselo lwentliziyo. Ayisiyo ichiza efuna amayeza, ke ngoko, zonke iintlobo zabantu zinokufikelela kuwo.
IiBarbiturates
Yi-asidi emiselweyo ukufezekisa ukuphumla kunye neziphumo zolonwabo. Isetyenziswa kwezonyango ukuthintela ukuxhuzula, njengethomalalisa iintlungu, kunye nokuthomalalisa.
Eli chiza linomyalelo ongqongqo, kwaye kufuneka unikezwe yingcali.
IiBenzodiazepines
Zizinto ezinokulalisa ngomlingo ezisebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwinkqubo yovalo. Isetyenziselwa amayeza ukuzola ukudakumba koxinzelelo, uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo.
Ukuphathwa gadalala kolu hlobo lwezinto kuneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga njengokukhubazeka kwemoto, kunye nokonakaliswa kwemisebenzi yengqondo.
GHB
Yaziwa ngcono njenge-ecstasy engamanzi, le asidi ivela kumajikijolo kunye nemveliso yokuvubela esetyenziswa kwiwayini nakwibhiya. Ukusetyenziswa non-amayeza, oko kusenziwa ngendlela engamanzi. Yomelele kakhulu kwisigulana esikhobokise kolu hlobo lwamachiza, kuba ivelisa iziphumo ezinje ngokugcoba kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweemvakalelo.
Zintoni ezibangela ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi?
Kukho oonobangela abahlukeneyo abachaphazela ukukhula okupheleleyo kunye nokulinganayo kwabantu abaphethwe ngamakhoboka eziyobisi.
Inqaku losapho elinempembelelo ekukhuleni nasekufundeni komntu, amaxabiso akhula ngawo asisiseko sokuhlala ngokusempilweni okufanayo kunye nokusingqongileyo, umntu ozalelwe kusapho olunemilinganiselo embalwa elungileyo unokukwazi kunokwenzeka ukuba uwele kwikhoboka leziyobisi
Kungenxa yoko le nto ukukhuliswa komntwana kunesisindo esininzi kwikamva elifanayo, ngamanye amaxesha ukushiywa komnye wabazali okanye bobabini kungunobangela weziyobisi.
Kwelinye icala, ukuba utata womntwana okanye umama wakhe unayo Imbali enxulumene neziyobisi, Inokuchaphazela ukukhula komntwana kumbangele ukuba akhubazeke okanye asilele, ebudaleni, utyekele ekubeni likhoboka leziyobisi.
Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba uqiniseke ngokuchanekileyo ukuba zeziphi izizathu ezenza ukuba umntu abe likhoboka leziyobisi.
Ebudaleni, umntu sele ekwazi ukugqiba ukuba uyavuma na ukusebenzisa olu hlobo lweziyobisi, kuba izizathu zinokunxulumana ngokwasemoyeni okanye ngokwasemphefumlweni.
Zeziphi izizathu ezinokubangela ukuba ube likhoboka?
Ngokubanzi, umntu unokuba likhoboka leziyobisi ngenxa yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziveliswayo xa esetyenziswa kunye nezi zizathu zilandelayo:
- Ukuziva ulungile: imvakalelo yolonwabo kunye noxolo amava eengqondo sisinye sezizathu zokuba umntu abe likhoboka leziyobisi.
- Ukwenza "ngcono": Ukuphazamiseka okunje ngoxinzelelo, uxinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo kunokuba zizizathu zokuba umntu abe likhoboka leziyobisi. Ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kweziyobisi zenza olu hlobo lokungonwabi linciphise okanye linyamalale okomzuzwana kubomi bomlutha.
- Kuba abanye benza: Ebusheni, kuhlala kusenzeka ukuba umntu azive ecinezelekile eluntwini kwaye ke uyavuma ukuzisebenzisa ezi ntlobo zezinto ngaphandle kokuqonda kuqala ukuba ukwenza oku kubazisela naziphi na izibonelelo zezempilo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kufuneka kugxininiswe imfundo enikwa umntwana ekhaya, kuyacetyiswa ukuba abazali banxibelelane naye ngokunyanisekileyo nangokuvulekileyo naye ukuze afunde ngomngcipheko oza neziyobisi kubomi bakhe bonke.