I-Atomism incede ubukrelekrele bokufikelela kwizigqibo zesayensi malunga nokwenziwa kweselula. Isuntswana ngalinye elenza umntu linesizathu sobukho balo, ngokukaMileto, la masuntswana angahlukanisekanga enza imvelaphi yokudalwa kwento nganye ebandakanyekileyo kwindalo iphela.
Le ngcinga yomGrike yenza igalelo elininzi kwinzululwazi, ibonisa ngexesha layo indlela esele ihambele phambili ngayo indoda; Ngelishwa kuLeucippus kula maxesha akhoyo kuncinci kakhulu ekuthiwa yeyakhe, kungenxa yokuba umfundi wakhe wayengulowo wamkela iingcinga zakhe njengezakhe. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngobomi ngobomi bale ndoda ibalaseleyo kunye negalelo alwenzileyo kwinzululwazi yale mihla, awungekhe uliphose eli nqaku linomdla.
Ubomi bukaLeucippus waseMileto
Uzalelwe eMileto ngenkulungwane yesihlanu BC, uLeucippus wayengumfilosofi waseGrisi, owokuqala ukuveza ulwahlulo olunokubangela into engapheliyo, ithiyori yakhe ithi iathom nganye yenziwe ngamasuntswana anokwanda ukwahlulwa ade ade afike kwisigidi sayo esincinci ; Ngokutsho kwakhe, i-athomu nganye inokuba nomzuzu xa ingasahluli.
Ebutsheni bakhe wayengumfundi kaParmenides awayemthanda kakhulu kwaye kamva wayeza kuba yinto ekhuthazwayo nguLeucippus, enkosi kuParmenides, uLeucippus wakwazi ukwakha ithiyori yakhe ngokusekwe kwizifundo ezazisenziwa ngutitshala wakhe ngaphambili, owathi Indalo iphela ayinamsebenzi nentshukumo.
Wayengumfundisi weDemocritus, owathi kunye noLeucippus bakhulisa ithiyori esiyaziyo namhlanje njenge-atomism. Kuncinci kakhulu okwaziwayo ngobomi bukaLeucippus, okubhalwe kwimbali kukubulela kumaxwebhu athile abhalwe ngu-Aristotle, Simplicio okanye ne-Sixth Empiricist.
Enye inguqulelo yeziganeko, igxininisa ukuba lo mlinganiswa akazange abekho, neyayiyinto yokuyila umfundi wakhe uDemocritus ukufumana iwonga ngethiyori yeathomism. Nangona kunjalo, uhlala ungumbuzo ukusukela, njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, zincinci kakhulu iinkcukacha ngobomi beLeucippus.
Ngexesha u-Democritus eveza ithiyori ye-atomism, uyenza yedwa, kungoko lonke uzuko lophando luye kuye, yiyo loo nto ubukho bukaLeucippus buthandabuza; nangona uAristotle kamva eyicaphula kwelinye lamaxwebhu akhe awaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela.
Kwelinye icala, ngokungachazwanga ukubandakanyeka kwiithiyori zeatomism kwinkcubeko, kwenza ukuba iDemocritus ifaneleke ngakumbi.
Ifilosofi kaLeucippus
Kuyimfuneko ukwenza ubumbano malunga nobomi bemihla ngemihla bamaGrike elo xesha, imithetho yabo kunye nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha yayiqulathe iinkolelo zonqulo ezendeleyo, nangona kuyinyani ukuba ibiyimpucuko ebaluleke kakhulu kwimbali yendalo iphela, basaswele imigaqo yenzululwazi.
Uncedo olukhulu yayiyifilosofi njengomthetho wobomi, owathi wasetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla bommi waseGrisi, enkosi kobu bukhulu bokwazi ukubuza malunga nemvelaphi kunye nokudalwa kwendalo iphela. ukuba afikelele kwizigqibo zokuba iingcamango ezaziphakanyiswa nguLeucippus zazingezizo ezobuxoki njengoko babefuna ukubenza babone.
Kwelinye icala, ayaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba uLeucippus wayefuna ukudala impikiswano kwezentlalo, nokuba uyafuna okanye akunjalo, wanika umntu ulwazi oluninzi olufunekayo.
Kwangolo hlobo lunye, uLeucippus kwithiyori yakhe wathi indalo iphela yenziwe ziiathom ezathi zalungiswa zadityaniswa, zahamba zingena kumatshini ngokungqinelana neenguqu zazo.
Ke, uluntu lwelo xesha lwembali luthandabuza ngemvelaphi yendalo iphela, ukuba ingcinga yokuba uLeucippus waseMileto wacebisa ukuba iyinyani.
Ifilosofi yayiqhubeka ngokubandakanya umntu, ngokwawo, eli xesha lelinye lezona zinto zibalaseleyo ebantwini, zikhatshwa kukuzalwa ngokutsha. Indoda yaseGrisi yamandulo yaphakamisa imibuzo emininzi kwiithiyori ezahlukeneyo, kungekuphela ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kokwazi ukuba oothixo ababephethe yonke into bakhona ngokwenene; kodwa ngento yokucinga ukuba intando, ukucinga kunye nefilosofi yomntu inokulawulwa ziiathom, ke, yayiyintoni isizathu sobukho ukuba yonke into eyenzekayo kwindalo iphela ayixhomekekanga emntwini? Okubi nangakumbi, indoda enengqiqo ngelo xesha, yaziva ililize kuba yayicinga ukuba inkululeko yokwenene ayinakufikeleleka, ukuba indalo iphela ilawulwa ziiathom hayi ngentando yomntu.
Ithiyori yeatomistic
Iziseko zalethiyori zisekwe kwindawo ezimbini zokuqala: indalo iphela yenziwa kuphela ngombandela kunye nomshini.
Yonke imbono yokuba umntu acinge ngobomi bakhe kunye nommandla ojikeleziweyo yenziwe bubukho bezinto ezimbini ezikhoyo.
Kungenzeka ukuba le ithiyori isekwe kumlingani wento eyinokuba yingcamango kaParmenides yokwala ubukho bokungabikho.
Kwangolo hlobo lunye, uLeucippus wabuza imfundiso ethe yaphakanyiswa ngutitshala wakhe, wathi kwakungalunganga kwaphela ukucinga ukuba imitha ayinakho ukuba nentshukumo okanye utshintsho kuba ezo zazingenakulinganiswa nembono yeemvakalelo kuphela.
Kwakucacile ukuba kungqinwe utshintsho lwento yendalo ngokubona okubonwayo, kwaye oko kwakungathethi ukuba eli linani lingange-atom.
Ke uLeucippus waseMileto uphakamisa isidingo sobukho besithuba ukuze iiathom ezihamba kuyo zikwazi ukwenza ngokukhululekileyo kwaye ke zikwazi ukuguqula umba owawenziwe ngabo.
Ngokungafaniyo nengcinga yokuba uPythagoras ubhenca njengobukho bomoya, ukungabinanto okubonakaliswa nguLeucippus kunentsingiselo yokoqobo, akunanto.
KuLeucippus, umba wenziwe zizigidi zamasuntswana amancinci, kungoko, la masuntswana engenakukwazi ukuwaqonda ngaphambi kokuthintela umntu.
Iiatom ziyabungqinela ubukho beeathom ezingaqhelekanga ezineempawu ezithile ekubunjweni kwazo njenge-organic figure ngaphandle kobude obubalwayo, kwaye ezinye ii-athomu zilingana ngokugqibeleleyo; zombini zisisiseko sokusebenza komcimbi kwindalo iphela.
Ewe, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zee-athomu ezenza uhlobo oluthile lwezinto, into okanye into iya kuba nomsebenzi ohlukeneyo kwindalo yonke, oko kukuthi, ii-athomu ezenza umlilo zihluke kakhulu kulezo zenza Amanzi.
ILeucippus namhlanje
Namhlanje, yonke inkqubela phambili kummandla wezonyango ihlelwe ngokungqongqo phantsi kwethiyori yeLeucippus. Ukupheliswa kwezifo ezibulalayo ezazithi ngexesha labo ziqeqeshe ubukho bomntu, zikhuselwe yiatomism.
Ngokunjalo, inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji evumele abantu ukuba bazive kuwo onke amanqanaba, kwaye ziya kuhlala zisekwe kwithiyori ye-atomism yeLeucippus yaseMileto.