Njengokuba besisoloko sinesidingo sokufunda nokunikezela ngengcaciso ebonakalayo ngeziganeko ezenzeka kuthi, siphande zonke iinzululwazi namhlanje ziziseko zovavanyo oluninzi. Ukuthetha ngokukodwa ngezenzululwazi ezifunda yonke into enxulumene ne-botany kunye neenkqubo ze-organic; Injalo imeko ye-Mycology, ukuba isayensi ifunda nzulu ngegalelo le-botany kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kunyango lwangoku.
I-Mycology ifunda ubungakanani nayo yonke into enxulumene nefungi, zeziphi izizathu zokubonakala kwazo kwaye zikwenza ngqo. Kwinqaku lanamhlanje, uya kufunda kancinci malunga nale nzululwazi abantu abaninzi abangayaziyo.
Yintoni i-mycology?
Yinzululwazi efunda ukungunda kunye nayo yonke into enxulumene nayo. Iifungi zizidleleli ezikhula kwindawo enkulu yehlathi okanye kwindawo yetropiki, nangona kunjalo, kukho iindawo kwiindawo ezibolileyo ezinokubonakala kokungunda.
Kuyatshiwo ukuba amakhowa athe angeniswa ngabantu iinkulungwane ngeenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngeMesoamerican ukwenzela ukuba ii-hallucinogens. Yanikwa nokusetyenziswa kokutya kwiinkcubeko ezifanayo. Kwelinye icala, kubonakala kwimibhalo engcwele yePopol Vuh, ukusetyenziswa kwamakhowa kubonakala kwimibhiyozo yonqulo yoothixo kunye nabantu abakumgangatho ophezulu, yiyo loo nto kuthathwa njengokutya okungcwele.
Kwangolo hlobo lunye, zaziwa kuphela izinto zokungunda ezinobume be-classical kunye nobukhulu obubonakalayo, nangona kunjalo, ngenkqubela phambili kwezenzululwazi, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele phantsi kwemicroscope ukuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukileyo kakhulu zomngundo, ngamanye amaxesha eziyingozi ebomini. ukuba.
Ngombulelo kwi-mycology, kunye nenkqubela phambili kubuchwephesha, ukuze sikwazi ukubona ukuba zeziphi iifungi umntu angazisebenzisela iinjongo zonyango, Zeziphi ezinokuba neenjongo zesondlo, ezinokuthi zibe neenjongo zorhwebo njengokulungiselela kunye nokubila kwebhiya kwaye zeziphi eziyingozi empilweni.
Mycology yonyango
Kukho amasebe aliqela ale sayensi, umzekelo, i-mycology yezonyango, ejongene nayo funda nzulu ngeempawu Kuhlobo ngalunye lwefungi olunokuba neenjongo zonyango, kukho isidingo esikhulu sokunyanga izifo ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo abantu kunye nezilwanyana.
Kukho oochwephesha abasebenzisa le sayensi ukufumanisa iintlobo ezithile ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili, umzekelo, kukho abo bakuthandayo ukuya kwiindawo ezinomswakama okanye ezibolileyo ukuze bafumane uhlobo olutsha lwefungi, ngexesha elithile, kufana nomsebenzi wokuqokelela kwabo banotyekelo lokuyinika le nto.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho i-mycologists yamayeza ezinikele kuphononongo lwefungi ukuya ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezithile ezongezwe kwizinto zengqondo. Kananjalo ukuze ufumane iintlobo ezintsha zekhitshi, kufanelekile ukuba nezi zakhono zokufunda uzinike ezo ziphelo, njengoko kunjalo ngemakhowa, yona kangangeenkulungwane inendawo ethandwayo phakathi kwezinye izinto ozithandayo.
Iimeko zeMycological
Kukho iimeko ezahlukeneyo ze-mycological ezichaphazela icandelo elithile labemi, ngumsebenzi we-mycology yonyango ukukwazi ukunika inkcazo kunye negama kulowo nalowo kuzo, eziqhelekileyo.
Ialleries
Zenzeka xa umntu echaphazeleka kubukho okanye enxibelelana nomngundo, ulusu luyachaphazeleka kwaye ngenxa yoko kuvela uhlobo lweerhashalala, ngamanye amaxesha ubomvu kunye nokutshiza. Ukuba kukho ukungabikho komzimba okuchaphazela ngaphakathi emzimbeni, kuya kubonakala ngeempawu zokubanda okuqhelekileyo.
Mycotoxicosis
Kwenzeka xa umntu ethe wafaka iinkozo ezinonxibelelwano nezidleleli ezibangelwa zii-myxomycetes eziyityhefu.
Iintsomi
Ligama elifumana inkqubo yokunxila ebangelwa kukungenisa Amakhowa ayityhefu okanye ayityhefu, ixesha elininzi kuyenzeka xa umntu ephosakele amakhowa atyiwayo.
I-mycosis engaphezulu
Kwenzeka xa usulelo lubangelwa kukungabikho kokungunda komngundo kwizihlunu ezinjenge-mucous membranes kunye nolusu lwangaphandle.
Imbali ye-mycology
Ngokwengcamango yendaleko, amakhowa mdala njengesiqalo sobukho bomhlaba. Kuthiwa bavela naphambi kwezilwanyana.
Ukusukela kwiinkcubeko zamandulo nakwimpucuko, ukusetyenziswa kwamakhowa ubukhulu becala yayikukunqula izithixo, ngokweenkcubeko ezinje ngeMesopotamiya, iMesoamerican kunye nezizwe ezinama shaman njengeenkokheli zazicinga ukuba yayikukutya okuthunyelwe zizithixo Kwaye zaziza kunikwa ukusetyenziswa okukhethekileyo kungekuphela ekhitshini kodwa njenge-hallucinogen.
Kamva, kwinkcubeko yamaGrike, amakhowa ayesetyenziswa ngendlela engacacanga kodwa eyinyanzelo kwaye yayiligwele elisetyenziselwa ukwenza isonka esinegwele.
Kancinci kancinci wayengena ebomini babantu, kangangokuba kwakungekho ndlela yokucoca icoca amanzi, ke ngoko, babesela utywala obuninzi njengesixhobo sokucoca umzimba. Obo tywala bunye babugcinwa ngamakhowa.
Yiyo loo nto kukho isidingo sokwenza isayensi efunda ngundo nzulu.
Okulungileyo nokubi
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba bekwiplanethi yomhlaba ixesha elide kunabantu, i-fungi isengumbandela wokufunda kunye nokumangalisa uninzi lwee-mycologists. Inyaniso kukuba ayizizo zonke izinto ezinokusetyenziswa, kwaye ayizizo zonke izibonelelo zempilo.
Enye yeenzuzo ezinkulu zobukho befungus kunye nohlobo lwazo kwiindawo ezininzi zobuntu kukuba babenako ukusombulula ingxaki kwizihlandlo zonyango kunye nezeziganeko zokupheka.
Ukusetyenziswa kweentyatyambo zomngundo kwiyogathi kwenza ukwetyisa kunye nenkqubo yokwetyisa izuze ngokubonakala kweentyatyambo ezihlaziyiweyo zamathumbu, kwaye oko kuyenzeka ngenxa yomngundo.
Ngaphakathi kunyango, ukufundwa kwayo kubalulekile ekufumaneni i-aleji kunye nosulelo olubangelwa ngumngundo, ukuze Isisombululo samayeza ku ingxaki ye-allergenic.
Kwelinye icala, ukuvumba kokutya okuninzi kuxhomekeke kubukho bomngundo kuzo, nangona kunjalo, eyona ngxaki inkulu kukuba ezi zifunxi-gazi kukuba ayizizo zonke ezifanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa komntu okanye unxibelelwano. Kukho iintlobo zetyhefu nezinetyhefu ezingezozinto ekufundwa kuzo zii-mycologists.
Kwangokunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwamakhowa ngeenjongo ze-hallucinogenic yingxaki yezentlalo echaphazela ngakumbi abantu behlabathi.