Ngaba uyazi ukuba zeziphi i-neologisms? Mhlawumbi uyivile kwaye uyisebenzise ungazazi nokuba ziyintoni kanye kanye. Kungenxa yoko le nto siza kukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha imalunga nantoni ukuze uqonde ngcono ukuba kutheni zibalulekile kulwimi lwethu.
I-Neologisms ngamabinzana, amagama kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwimi obekungabikho ngaphambili, kodwa eziye zafakwa ukuphendula kwimfuno yokuziqhelanisa nobunyani bezithethi eluntwini.
Ke ngoko, ngamagama afakwe kulwimi njengoko kufuneka kusetyenziswe amatsha. Zizinto ezichaseneyo nezakudala.
Yinkqubo eqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iilwimi, hayi kwiSpanish kuphela. Zonke iilwimi zehlabathi zinyanzelwe kolu hlaziyo. Igama linokuba yi-neologism okwethutyana kodwa nje ukuba lifakwe kwaye liqheleke kulwimi, ayisiyonto intsha.
Inokuba nemvelaphi eyahlukeneyo kwaye inokuba bubutyebi bolwimi okanye ngokuchaseneyo, ukonakala okungabuyeli mva. Isenokuba bubungqwabalala okanye umphambukeli, kodwa ayingomagama axubeneyo.
Zenziwe njani
Ukwazi ukuba zenziwe njani, kuyafuneka ukuba wazi imvelaphi yabo kunye nengqondo ebazisayo kulwimi. Njengoko sinike ingxelo ngentla, yindlela yokuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwamaxesha okuthetha kunye nokuziqhelanisa nenyaniso yentlalo.
Inyani iyatshintsha kwaye iyatshintsha kwaye yiyo loo nto kuyilo olutsha kunye neendlela zokucinga okanye amabinzana afuna amagama amatsha avele. Isidingo sokwenza amagama amatsha siyimfuneko kwaye asinakuthintelwa.
Ukwenza i-neologisms, yenziwa ngendlela efanayo naleyo ibisoloko isenziwa ngayo kuzo zonke iilwimi. Ukuyiqonda ngcono Kuyimfuneko ukuba ithathele ingqalelo iindlela zokuyila ukuntywila. Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka ukhumbule:
- Izichazi kunye nee-akhronimi. Oonobumba bokuqala okanye oonobumba bokuqala besivakalisi bongezwa ukwenza amagama amatsha. Kufana nesifinyezo.
- Ukubumba okanye iparasynthesis. Amagama amabini okanye nangaphezulu adityanisiwe ukwenza igama elitsha.
- Iindlela zokudlula. Izimamva ezivela kwezinye zisetyenziselwa ukwenza amagama.
- Imali mboleko evela phesheya. Uya kolunye ulwimi ukwenza igama elitsha. Umzekelo: "hackear" (iAnglicism, ukusuka kwisenzi esithi "ukuqhekeza": ukuqweqwedisa okanye ungene kwisiza).
- Onomatopoeias. Amagama akhiwa ngesandi ukufumana imigaqo emitsha.
Iindidi neologisms
Ukuthathela ingqalelo oku kungasentla, kubalulekile ukuba wazi iintlobo ezikhoyo. Ukuzihlela, kufuneka uqonde indlela esetyenzisiweyo ukuyila. Ukuyiqonda ngcono:
- Neologisms zefom. Xa amagama akhoyo aselulwimini enziwe ngokwenkqubo ekhankanywe apha ngasentla okanye iinkqubo zokuphuma kwakhona.
- Neologisms zeSemantic. Zifumaneka xa igama esele likho kulwimi linentsingiselo entsha.
- Abaphambukeli. Amagama avela kwezinye iilwimi nokuba imeko okanye ukubiza amagama akuhlonitshwa.
- Iintloni. Ibhengezwe ngendlela engalunganga kodwa iya iduma phakathi kwezithethi kwaye iphela sele iqhelekile.
Imizekelo ye-neologisms
Emva koko siza kukunika imizekelo ye-neologisms ukuze uqonde ngcono nangakumbi ukuba yonke into echazwe apha ngasentla imalunga nantoni. Ungalahli iinkcukacha:
- Blogs. Isetyenziswa njengegama le-intanethi ukuthetha ngamaphephandaba akwi-Intanethi.
- Ukuhamba. Isenzi sivela kwigama likaGoogle elithetha ukukhangela i-Intanethi.
- I-Smartphone Isetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwi "smartphone".
- Iindaba ezingezizo. Libinzana lesiNgesi elisetyenzisiweyo kulwimi lwethu ukubhekisa kwiindaba ezingezizo okanye ubuqhinga.
- Ifoto Igama elisetyenzisiweyo ukuthatha ifoto yakho.
Le yimizekelo nje yokukunika umbono wokuba zithini na i-neologisms kunye nendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo imihla ngemihla. Inyaniso, sicinge ngala magama kuba ngamagama ekusenokwenzeka ukuba uwafakile kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla kwaye usebenzise rhoqo.
Amabinzana kunye neologisms
Kodwa ukongeza kumagama onokuwasebenzisa phantse ngaphandle kokuyiqonda kwintetho yakho yemihla ngemihla, kukwakho namabinzana onokuwasebenzisa nawo abalulekile. Kuba zibalulekile? Kungenxa yokuba amabinzana ane-neologisms onokuyisebenzisa yonke imihla.
Masenze ezinye izivakalisi sithathela ingqalelo imizekelo yangaphambili:
- Ndabhala kwibhlog yam kwaye ndiyithanda ngakumbi nangakumbi.
- Ungazikholelwa zonke iindaba ezingeyonyani ozibonayo kwi-Intanethi, ngubani owaziyo ukuba zibhalwe ngubani!
- Ngaba singathatha i-selfie nge-smartphone yam entsha?
- Ndivele ndaGoogled intsingiselo yeli gama, yile nto bendiyicinga!
Neologisms kunye archaisms
Ekuqaleni kwenqaku sichaze ukuba ii-neologisms zichasene nezinto zakudala. Ukuze ungahlali uthandabuza, Siza kukucacisela ngoku ukuba zeziphi izinto zakudala.
Ngale ndlela xa usebenzisa ulwimi lwakho ungayenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye wazi kakuhle ukuba ngawaphi amagama owasebenzisayo kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla.
I-Archaisms zezi zenza iifom ezintsha, ezindala, zezinyanya okanye ezingasasebenziyo eziqhubeka zisetyenziswa kulwimi ngokupheleleyo okanye ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Ngamanye amagama, ngamagama amadala esiqhubeka nokuwasebenzisa ngokuqheleka ngokupheleleyo.
Umzekelo, namhlanje isasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwijografi okanye kumacandelo obuchwephesha kunye nobuchwephesha.
Ngoku ukuba uyazi ukuba zeziphi i-neologisms kwaye yintoni eyahlulahlula kwizinto zakudala, unokusebenzisa ulwimi ngokufanelekileyo. Uyakwazi ukukhetha ngcono amagama oza kuwasebenzisa, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, uya kuba nakho ukuqonda imvelaphi Kutheni kuthethwa elo gama hayi lahlukile.
Kuhlala kulungile ukuba uyaqonda ukuba usebenzisa i-neologism, ujonge imvelaphi yayo ukuze uqonde ukuba kutheni elo gama lithethwa ngale ndlela hayi ngenye indlela. Uya kuyityebisa ingqondo kunye nesigama sakho.
Ukuba ukhe uthandabuze malunga nokuba igama lilungile okanye alilunganga uthe, ungathandabuzi ukuya kwiRAE (KwiRoyal Spanish Academy) ukwazi ukwazi ukuba ubiza igama ngokuchanekileyo okanye ngokuchaseneyo ligama elingekhoyo kulwimi lwangoku lwentlalo.