Umntu ukwazile ukuqhelana neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zembali ngophononongo lweemvakalelo, ingcinga kunye nezinto zendalo iphela. Ifilosofi yenye yezona nzululwazi zibalaseleyo nezimangalisayo ezinokuba ngaphakathi kweendlela zokufunda zomntu.
Ngenxa yoku, besifuna ukunikezela inqaku kwingcinga, ubuntu kunye nendalo iphela, ngamafutshane, besifuna ukuphendula umbuzo wakho: Ifunda ntoni ifilosofi? Kwaye iyichaphazela njani imeko-bume yomntu ngamnye.
Yintoni ifilosofi?
Intsingiselo yelizwi ibhekisa kukuthanda ulwazi, amandla fumana ulwazi kwiintlobo ngeentlobo njengobukho, ulwazi, imvelaphi yobukho, isizathu sokuba kunye nemibuzo emininzi ekhoyo; phantsi kwelensi yobuhle, ifilosofi ibona ubuhle ngaphezulu kokusebenza kwiimeko ezininzi.
Uncede iingcinga ezinkulu zamaGrike kunye nezithandi zobulumko, ekugqibeleni wabeka umntu njengoxanduva kuye neziganeko ezimchaphazelayo.
Ukufika kwefilosofi yokucinga okunzulu kubangele iimpikiswano ezininzi phakathi kwempucuko yakudala, ukulawula ukushenxisa oothixo njengamanani aphakamileyo aguqula izinto zendalo kwaye baxhomekeke kuzo ekuthatheni izigqibo nasekunikeni umdla kwisayensi yoluntu nakwisifundo sabo. Unobangela wokuvela kwezinto.
Ngokwezifilosofi ezindala, ubomi abunakulinganiswa nobomi obungasoloko buza imibuzo enzulu malunga nobukho kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Fumana ukuba zeziphi izifundo zefilosofi
Le seti yemibono ifuna ukuvavanya izinto ezahlukeneyo ezakha ubume, yiyo loo nto, ibususa bonke ubukho bobuThixo ngokubonakala kwamacandelo amatsha.
Kulabo bathanda ifilosofi, le sayensi ingaluncedo olukhulu ekuphakamiseni amanqanaba abo okomoya, nawo ukukwazi ukuqonda iziganeko ezithile zendalo, kutheni ixabiso elithile kufuneka lisetyenziswe eluntwini, zeziphi izinto ezenza ukuba ubomi bomntu bube lula, kwanokuba kutheni iiprojekthi zobomi kufuneka zenziwe.
Ngokubanzi, ifilosofi ifunda ngemithetho yabantu kunye nezinto zokwenza ubomi bomntu kwaye ukuba kukho izinto ezibonisa ukuba iyayiguqula.
Ikwafunda kwakhona iziseko zoluntu esekwe kwiimfuno zomntu njengabakhi abaphambili bezinto azaziyo namhlanje.
Siyaqonda ukuba njengayo yonke inzululwazi, ifilosofi inamasebe aliqela azinikele kufundo lwento ethile:
Ukufundwa kwemetaphysics
Funda ubume bezinto ifilosofi ngaphakathi kwimetaphysics Ivumela ubukrelekrele ukuba bube nakho ukufumana izigqibo malunga nobukho kunye nento eyashukumisayo imvelaphi yayo, zonke izinto ezenza umhlaba zibhaptiziwe kufundo lwefilosofi yemetaphysical.
I-Epistemology
Ngokwazi kwakhe, ngokuzazi, ukungabikho zingqondweni kunye nengqondo ngokubanzi yendoda. Emva koko ubuze yonke into esiyaziyo kwasekuzalweni nokuba zeziphi izinto eziyinyani okanye hayi.
Ingqiqo
Igama elithi logic libhekisa kuphando oluphanda imigaqo yoqeqesho, lowo unengqondo unikwe ulwazi, umbono, impikiswano, isizathu okanye umgaqo.
Ifilosofi enengqiqo yakha ukucinga okunzulu, iingcinga zesayensi kufuneka zisekwe kwimibuzo eyahlukeneyo ekhoyo yokuqinisekisa inyani.
Ukuqala kubungqina obunengqiqo, isazinzulu sifumana, ngenxa yefilosofi esengqiqweni, ulwazi oluyimfuneko lokuza nesiphelo, ekuthiwa kulo mzekelo kubalwe njengethiyori.
I-Aesthetics
Isiseko samanye amasebe efilosofi, malunga nefilosofi yobuhle. Olu phononongo lwazo zonke iziganeko ezenzeka macala omntu, zibeka ezintle ngaphezulu kokusebenza.
Ifilosofi yobuhle ibiyenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiGrisi yakudala, yakha ikamva lobugcisa kunye namathuba ohlalutyo lwayo kwixesha elizayo.
Namhlanje, sinezinto ezininzi iindlela zokuhlalutya umsebenzi wobugcisa Njengamabango ahlukeneyo akhoyo ngaphakathi komsebenzi, ithini intsingiselo yento esele ikhona kwaye kutheni ngaphakathi komxholo othile wezenkcubeko.
Iindlela zokuziphatha
Siyakuqonda ngokuziphatha ixabiso lomntu ukwenza into elungileyo, kwezinye iingcinga sifumanisa ukuba igama elithi "iinqobo zokuziphatha" sisidima umntu anaso ukwahlula phakathi kweemeko ezingalunganga kunye nezichanekileyo zemeko.
Ngokusekwe kubuhle bokuba nolwazi, inefuthe kuko konke okwenziwa ngabantu eluntwini; Njengomntu wentlalontle, umntu uyakwazi ukwenza ubudlelwane obuhle kunye nokuziphatha okunxulumene nako.
Ngenxalenye yalo, i ifilosofi yokuziphathaIngcambu yawo onke amanye amasebe efilosofi, kuba umntu ogqiba ukusebenzisa ifilosofi ebomini bakhe kufuneka abenokwazi ukwahlula phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi.
Ukuziphatha, kunye namanye amaxabiso aqinisekileyo sisiseko sokuba kuzalisekiswe imithetho yabantu, yona, ifilosofi imisela ikamva lomntu ngokuba nefuthe kwimibuzo elula kodwa ebalulekileyo njengokukwazi ukuba wenzeni kunye nendlela yokwenza kwimeko ethile.
Ngokunjalo nokuziphatha kunceda umntu ngamnye ukuba akwazi ukwahlula amanye amaxabiso ngokwamanqanaba asekwe kwiimfuno ezifanayo zokuba, kodwa ngesigwebo esibaluleke ngakumbi kokuhle nokubi.
Izikolo eziphambili zefilosofi
Isikolo ngasinye sefilosofi senzeka kumaxesha ahlukeneyo embali, eyona njongo yabo iphambili yayikukukwazi ukubeka ingcinga yefilosofi kwabanye abantu bempucuko.
Ngokudalwa koqeqesho ngalunye, umntu uye wakwazi ukufunda kwiinkqubo zakhe kunye neemfuno ngokuzazi ukuba ungowakhe kwaye ungumdali wazo zonke.
Ukuzimisela
Yenziwe ngunobangela weziphumo, isenzo ngasinye esiveliswa ngabantu eluntwini sibotshelelwe kuba iya kuba nesiphumo ngokufanayo.
Umthetho ngamnye wendalo ulawula ubukho besichazi, ethi ngendlela emdaka "ichaze" iintshukumo zomntu kwinyathelo ngalinye lokuvela.
Lilonke, ligama elisebenza kuzo zonke iindlela ezenza indalo iphela itshintshe.
Imvelaphi
Iqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi olupheleleyo lokunyaniseka lulwazi lwenzululwazi, oluvela kuphela ngenxa yokuqinisekiswa kweengcinga ezifunyenwe ngeendlela zophando lwezenzululwazi.
Solipsism
"Ndikhona kuphela", leyo yintsingiselo yokwenene yegama. Isekela kwaye ixhase i-metaphysics, eyinika intsingiselo njengokuphela kokhuseleko umntu anokuba nalo kwinjongo yakhe yendalo iphela bubukho bengqondo yakhe.
Eminye yimeko yengqondo eveliswa "buqu bakho", ngokwemeko yemetaphysical, oku kuphunyezwa ukuze kuchazwe matrix.
Yintoni lo nto? Yihologram ebonwa ngumntu njengenyaniso yakhe, apho nganye nganye yabantu abenza indalo iphela ivakalelwa kwaye ihlala ngokwahlukileyo. Ke ekuphela kwento umntu anokuqiniseka ngayo bubukho bakhe kuba iyabonakala.
Ke ithiyori yefilosofi inokuthi ichaze ubunyani ngo "I", yiyo loo nto ithathwa njengoyena mfanekiso mdala womntu.
Uncedo
Yimfundiso enexabiso lokuziphatha, apho ichaza ukuba isenzo kufuneka sithathelwe ingqalelo kuphela ukuba sisetyenziselwa ukuveza inyani, isenzo eso ke siyathetheleleka ngokuba luncedo.
Epicureanism
Eli xesha laqokelelwa esikolweni ngenxa yeengxelo ezazinikwa ngu-Epicurus malunga nefilosofi, apho waqinisekisa ukuba isizathu sobomi kukugcwala apho aqinisekisa khona ukuba uloyiko alunasizathu sakubakho.