IiAztec yayiyimpucuko eyachuma kumaxesha angaphambi kweSpanishi, kubandakanya inkcubeko enkulu kunye neenkolelo zonqulo ezibandakanya malunga noothixo abayi-100 kuyo yonke imbali yabo.
Nangona uninzi loothixo babo lwenziwe ngokwenkolo yabo, bakwanoluhlu olubanzi lwezithixo ezivela kwezinye iinkcubeko, ezinje ngamaNahuas, abathi banegalelo kwizimvo zezona thixo zibalulekileyo zeenkcubeko zangaphambi kweSpanishi, ezinjengeentsiba Inyoka Quetzalcóatl uthixo womoya nobomi.
Kwiintsomi zabo ungabona amasiko azinikele koothixo, kuba banxulumana nawo izinto zendalo, ezazigcinwa zikonwabile ukufumana isivuno esihle kunye nemozulu entle, kuba le mali yenziwa ngegazi, ethi ngamanye amaxesha isikwe ngokulula. kubagwebi ngokwabo, nanjengoko babethatha ubomi benja enye okanye nokuba liwaka, bezikrazula iintliziyo zabo xa yayisabetha, baphosa izidumbu emangcwabeni aqhelekileyo.
Izinto ezinjengamanzi, umoya, umlilo, umhlaba, kunye notshintsho lwemozulu olufana nemvula, izaqhwithi phakathi kwabanye abaninzi zithathwa njengoothixo bama-Aztec, abathi ngexesha lokwehlisela ingqumbo yabo ebantwini, babe ngunobangela weentlekele ezinkulu zendalo, Iziphumo zokungahlawuli irhafu kubo, ezinokutshintsha kuxhomekeke kubuthixo abafuna ukubanelisa.
Ama-Aztec ayengomnye wempucuko ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye enempumelelo ngalo lonke ixesha, kodwa iinkolelo zabo zachukunyiswa nazii-Mayan, zenza phakathi kwazo zonke ezi ntsomi uluhlu olukhulu loothixo ezazinqulwa zezi nkcubeko.
Ngoobani oothixo bama-Aztec?
Oothixo banolawulo oluthile kunye nemisebenzi, eyahlulahlulwe ngokwemisebenzi abayenzayo, kunye nezo zibaluleke kakhulu phakathi koothixo belanga aba-5, abajongwa njengembali yendalo yomhlaba, kwaye ke ngoko yeli hlabathi.
I-Tlalchitonatiuh okanye ilanga lokuqala
I-Tezcatlipoca yathathelwa ingqalelo njengelanga lokuqala elakhanyisa umhlaba kangangeminyaka engama-676, ngexesha lezigebenga, kodwa ngexesha lokusweleka kwakhe, kwaqala ukuzingelwa kwamajagogo nxamnye nezigebenga, kungashiyi namnye. Kuthiwa iQuetzalcóatl yabetha amanzi apho yahlala khona ngentonga, yawaguqula aba ngamajagada aphelisa ubomi bendoda yelo hlabathi.
Ehecatonatiuh okanye ilanga lesibini
Kwisigaba sesibini yayinguQuetzalcóatl owazalisekisa umsebenzi welanga, kulawulo lweenkawu zamadoda, oku kwaqhubeka iminyaka engama-675 de kwa loo tezcatlipoca yamwisa phantsi ngumoya onamandla owathi emva koko wathimba amadoda enkawu.
I-Tletonatiuh okanye ilanga lesithathu
Ngeli xesha yayilixesha lothixo owahlumayo, owaziwa njengoTlaloc, uthixo wombane nemvula, owahlala iminyaka engama-364 de uQuetzalcóatl wamenza ukuba awe esibhakabhakeni emenza ukuba ashiye isikhundla sakhe.
Atonaliuh okanye ilanga lesine
Isikhundla selanga lesine sanikwa u-Chalchiuhtlicue owayengumfazi waseTlaloc, wakhanyisa umhlaba iminyaka engama-314 ngexesha leentlanzi, ukuba kunyaka wokugqibela wobukumkani balo, kwawa iimvula ezinkulu ezabangela isibhakabhaka ngokwaso ukuba siwele emhlabeni, sibangele ezi zinto zibe zonke iintlobo zeentlanzi ezikhoyo namhlanje.
Ilanga lesihlanu
Eli yayilelinqanaba apho ukudalwa komntu njengoko kusaziwa njalo namhlanje, ixesha apho oothixo bagqiba kwelokuba yayilixesha lokudala umntu oza kuzalisa umhlaba, kwakungeli xesha apho uQuetzalcóatl waya kwilizwe labangasekhoyo ukuze abuye amathambo abantu beentlanzi, abo banokunika ubomi kwaba bakweli nqanaba.
Ukuba ngoothixo abadali boluntu, amadini kuye kwafuneka ukuba anikwe imbeko kubo, ngenxa yesi sizathu ama-Aztec kunye neenkcubeko ezininzi zangaphambi kweSpanishi bezenza ezi nkolelo kwizithixo zabo.
Igama lelanga lesihlanu yayinguTonatiuh, ovela kumhlaba waseTeotihuacán, ongumhlaba apho oothixo bazalwa okanye bahlangana khona.
Emva kwayo yonke le misitho, abantu kwafuneka babonise ukuzinikela kubo bonke oothixo babo, ababebanika ukutya, ikhaya nokhuseleko, nganye nganye inempawu neempawu zayo, ezazithi thiki thixo bambi bama-Aztec bazibonakalise njengokuba zimelwe.
Okokuqala kukho ezo zibalulekileyo kubukho bobomi, kunye nezo zibaluleke ngakumbi kwinkcubeko yeAztec.
Omecihuatl kunye no-Ometecuhtli
Bangabavelisi abambalwa bomoya, ababizwa ngokuba yinkosi kunye nenenekazi lendalo kaThixo, ngabo ababangele bonke ubomi nobomi emhlabeni, nabazali babanye abanye oothixo. Elinye limele isini, kunye nenxalenye yobufazi, kunye nenxalenye yendalo yendalo, ngokusebenza kunye bayaziwa ngokuba yiOtemeotl
Xipe Totec
Umzekelo wokuchuma kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, ukuvumela izityalo ukuba zivelise iziqhamo kwaye kwangaxeshanye ziyahlaziywa, kunye nokunika ubomi emntwini.
IQuetzalcoatl
Ungomnye wabantwana abane abaphambili kwesi sibini esaziwa njengo-Otemeotl, le yinyoka eneentsiba ezixabisekileyo, ezimele umoya, kunye nababingeleli kunye ne-merdares, kunye nokukhanya kwasekuseni.
Xiuhtecuhtli
Imele ukutya ngamaxesha endlala, kunye nobomi emva kokufa.
OoThixo Abaphilisayo
Kukho oothixo abathathu ababenxulunyaniswa neenkqubo zokuphilisa abantu.
Toci
Eyaziwa ngegama elithi "umama woothixo" okanye "iyeza lasebusuku" nguthixokazi woogqirha, oosiyazi, nabaxeli-thamsanqa, oku kulawula umhla weshumi elinesine wekhalenda, owazalwa ngomhla we-xóchitl owawumiselwe ukuba ube uthixokazi okhathalayo kunye nomkhuseli wezempilo.
ixtlilton
Unguthixo onxulunyaniswa namaqela, imidaniso, iminyhadala, kunye namayeza, wanikwa igama lenkosi ye-inki emnyama, owayeneempawu zokuphilisa ekwenzeni iikhowudi, nangona olona phawu lwakhe lubalaseleyo yayingumculo kuba nanini na ubufuna ukuhlela ipati, usebenzise ababingeleli balo thixo.
Itempile yakhe yaziwa njengendawo yombhali ukuba eNahua yiTlacuicolan.
IPatecatl
Umphengululi we-pulque uyinkosi yeentsuku ezilishumi elinesithathu, ukusuka nge-1 ukuya kwindlu ye-13, waziwa njengothixo wamayeza, ngolwimi lwesiNauhatl kuthetha ukuba ungumhlali weyeza.
OThixo banxulunyaniswa nokutya
Phakathi kwezi zilandelayo zithixo ezine:
chicomecoatl
Unguthixokazi wokucoceka, ukugcinwa, kodwa waziwa ngcono njengelona nenekazi libalaseleyo lombona, yayinguye owaqala ishishini lokudala ukutya okumnandi okusekwe kule ngqolowa, ama-Aztec amnika ukutya kwakhe akubeka ezinyaweni zomzimba wakhe. itempile yakhe, ukuze ibanike intsikelelo kwizityalo zengqolowa, oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yiXilonen okanye enye yeendevu.
I-Coatlicue
Oku kwaziwa ngcono njengothixokazi otsala ukufa, kodwa yena nguye onika ubomi kuzo zonke izityalo, kuba nguye onika ezo ndawo emhlabeni, eziyimfuneko ukuze zikhule, igama lakhe liguqulela kwindlu emnyama , kwaye kwitempile yayo "Tenochtitlán" kukho umzobo wakhe ngaphandle kwentloko emele hayi kuphela uthixokazi womhlaba, kodwa nenyanga.
centeotl
Wazimela kwilizwe avelise izinto ezahlukeneyo zabantu, ezinjengombona, waziwa njengendoda edibeneyo kunye nomphathi wokutya.
Inxulumene nezorhwebo
Phakathi kwezorhwebo ezahlukeneyo ezazingaphakathi kwezi nkcubeko, kwakukho oothixo ababebamele.
yacatecuhtli
Uyinkosi yeevenkile, kunye nohambo, notshintshiselwano, kumfanekiso wakhe umelwe ngeempumlo ezinkulu ezazisebenza njengesikhokelo sohambo, njengedini abamnika lona njengedini lobomi amakhoboka.
acolometoctli
Yaziwa ngokuba ngumkhuseli woomatiloshe, emelwe yimivundla emibini kwizikhephe.
Opochtli
Lo waziwa njengothixo obonelela ngethamsanqa lokuzingela, emhlabeni nasemanzini elwandle ebhekisa ekulobeni, kwiminikelo yakhe wanikwa ipleyiti yokutya neglasi yewayini, kwathathelwa ingqalelo ukuba nguye umdali weminatha ukuloba.
I-Tlacotzonfli
Uthixo umkhuseli weendlela, uphethe ukhuseleko kubo bonke abo bathabathe uhambo beyokufunela abantu bakhe ukutya.
Inxulunyaniswa neenkwenkwezi
Ngoothixo baseAztec bezulu kunye neenkwenkwezi, apho sifumana:
UMaxcoatl
Ukubonakaliswa kwakhe ngeenkwenkwezi yiMilky Way, unguthixo ogqalwa njengonobangela weemfazwe, umkhuseli weziphathamandla, kunye nomsunguli wesaqhwithi kunye noqhwithela, igama lakhe eliguqulelweyo yinyoka yelifu.
ICitlaticlue
Imele ukuqaqamba kweenkwenkwezi esibhakabhakeni.
yohualtecuhtli
Inxulunyaniswa nokulala ebusuku, ekwakhusela amaphupha abantwana, ekwanxulunyaniswa nexesha lokuphakama, ukufa, ukuzalwa kunye nokutshiswa komzimba.
Phakathi kwezi kukwakho neelanga ezi-5 ezazithiywe ngasentla.
Inxulunyaniswa neziganeko zendalo
Bangunobangela weentlekele zendalo ezinjengeenyikima, okanye izikhukula.
UTepeyollotl
Ngokwesiqhelo uyaziwa ngokuba yimilo yejaguar, unguthixo wama-echoes, unobangela wenyikima.
Atlacoya
Igama layo liguqulela kumanzi alusizi, kwaye limele amanzi amnyama okanye imbalela egqithileyo eyenzekileyo xa umnikelo wabo unganikwanga.
Ayauhteotl
Inxulunyaniswe namampunge nodumo, inguthixokazi owazibalulayo ngokwenza inkungu ivele ebusuku nasemini.
Inxulunyaniswa nokuzala
I-Tlazolteotl
Yaziwa njenge nenekazi lezesondo, elinxulunyaniswa nemicimbi yothando olunomdla kunye nemicimbi yothando engekho mthethweni.
ICihuacoatl
Wayengumfazi wokuqala ukuzala, ke ngoko wabhengezwa njengothixokazi wokukhusela umntwana, kunye nesikhokelo soogqirha.
Inxulunyaniswa nokufa
Aba ngabo bonke abo banikwa ubomi ngokutshintshisa ngokungabatshabalalisi bonke abantu, kuba babenomsindo kakhulu.
Iitshomi
Oku kwawulawula umhlaba ongaphantsi okhokela imiphefumlo kwizithunzi, ekwaqwalaselwa njengothixo wabafileyo.
Yibuyile
Kwakumele abafileyo emfazweni, ababeyimiphefumlo yamagorha.
Izli
Lo thixo wayemele ubunzima behlabathi ngohlobo lwamatye kunye nemibingelelo yobomi ngeemela.
Kukho iindidi ezininzi zoothixo ababenqulwa ngama-Aztec, nokuba aphuma kwinkcubeko yawo, okanye amkelwe kubantu abadala, kodwa konke oko kuyehla kwelokuba inkalo nganye yobomi yayinothixo wayo owayimeleyo.
Ukuba yintsomi ebanzi kwaye imangalisayo, apho kwenziwa amasiko amaninzi anokubonwa kwimbono engenabuntu ngenxa yokuncama ubomi obungenatyala ukwanelisa izinto ezazikho ngaphaya kweli lizwe.
Iitempile ezimele bonke aba thixo baseAztec, kule mihla zingatyelelwa, kunye nabakhokeli babakhenkethi, ngamava amahle, ngenxa yokucebisa kwenkcubeko kunye nokufunda okunokunika abantu abaza kwezi ndawo.