Ukusukela kwixesha laxa umntu aqala ukungena kwicandelo lolwazi, kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba aqalise ukuphumeza kwaye angenise kulwimi uhlobo lwamagama amatsha athile abhekise kwizihloko ezinxulumene namasebe enzululwazi ngokukodwa. Ukuze, njengoko uphando lwalunzulu kwaye luyinkimbinkimbi, la magama obuchwephesha angachaza intsingiselo ethile kwisihloko ngasinye kwindawo yolwazi, zombini inzululwazi, ezonyango kunye netekhnoloji, kodwa ikwabandakanya nayiphi na indawo ejongene nesihloko ngokukodwa isisu. Ukuba luncedo kakhulu okwangoku, ukusukela Zisetyenziswa kuwo onke amakhondo emisebenzi nakumacandelo oqeqesho. Masifunde okungakumbi malunga nobuchwephesha, into evelise utshintsho oluninzi ukusukela oko yaqalwa.
Inkcazo yobugcisa
Ixesha libizwa ngokuba zii-technicalities, njengeparameter esetyenziswe kwilizwe lobungcali, ebhekisa kwimiba yobuchwephesha, enxulunyaniswa nolwazi olusetyenzisiweyo kunye nendlela yesayensi. Zizigama zesayensi, ubugcisa bobugcisa kunye nolunye urhwebo, ezenza iseti yezixhobo ezibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwangoku.
I-Etymology yekota
Ixesha lobugcisa livela kwisiLatin "I-Technicus."”Kwaye isuka kwisiGrike "Itekhnoloji"Oko kuthetha ubuchule okanye ubugcisa, kunye nesimamva" ism "oko kuthetha inkqubo okanye imfundiso. Oko athethayo, ngamagama amafutshane obuchwephesha, ligama elibhekisa kwimfundiso yobugcisa ukubhekisa kumagama athile, apho ubugcisa bufuna ubuchule obuthile bokuphunyezwa ngokugqibeleleyo.
Imbali yobugcisa
Ixesha lalinamagama okuqala kumaxesha oKuvuselelwa apho imelwe ikakhulu kubugcisa, ifilosofi kunye nemisebenzi yezopolitiko. Emva kwexesha ngokuveliswa kwetekhnoloji, la magama asetyenziswa kuhlalutyo lokuqala loomatshini. Apho umbhali uThomas Hobbes, ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesixhenxe, waqhuba khona isifundo sakhe, esebenzisa iindlela zoomatshini kunye neemodeli.
Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ukucinga ngobuchwephesha kwaba nefuthe kwezona zimbini zibalulekileyo zeli xesha, iMarxism kunye neposivism. Emva koko kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, yiba yinxalenye yenkqubela phambili engenakubalwa, kuwo onke amabakala olwazi, amelwe yitekhnoloji, inzululwazi yesayensi, imisinga yengcinga yesayensi eye yasebenza njengesixhobo sokuphendula imibuzo, ezazigqunywe ngaphambili ngamanye amasebe angenazo iziseko zesayensi.
Ulwakhiwo lobugcisa:
Njengegama ngokubanzi, uninzi lwezinto zobugcisa zinemvelaphi yesiLatin okanye isiGrike samandulo. Zizimaphambili okanye izimamva, isetyenziswe ngokobungcali bobugcisa, isayensi okanye uqeqesho. Zihlala zenziwe ngegama elinye okanye nangaphezulu, ukuba Ixesha lide kakhulu, lidla ngokushunqulelwa, nangona ngesiqhelo ngamagama angatshatanga aneengcambu, eyinxalenye enentsingiselo yawo esisiseko.
Ukubaluleka
Ubuchwephesha bubaluleke kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokufunda kunye nakowuphi na umsebenzi wobugcisa, sisixhobo esisebenza ukwenza umbono othile uqondakale kwaye uchaze intsingiselo kwindawo ethile yolwazi. Ke, ukuvumela iingcali kwisihloko ukuba zinxibelelane nabanye, kwaye zigqithise ulwazi ngomlomo okanye ngokubhala ngendlela ethe ngqo.
Isicelo
Zihlala zisetyenziswa kumagumbi eendaba, apho umbhali esazi ukuba umfundi uyakwazi ukusingatha isihloko esithile, zihlala zifumaneka kupapasho olunje ngemagazini, amaphephandaba, amanqaku enzululwazi, iiforamu kunye namanqaku eklasi. Zikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezithile zolwazi ezinje: amayeza, itekhnoloji, umthetho, ezoqoqosho, ukuthengisa, ukuphatha, isisu, nokunye.
U mzekelo
Le nto ivelisa izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kulwimi lomsebenzi kunye nobuchule, apho igama elinye linokwahluka Iintsingiselo kunye nokusetyenziswa, okuthetha ukuba kwaigama elifanayo linokuba nembono eyahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lezenzululwazi eliyinxalenye yalo. Oku kulandelayo kungathathelwa ingqalelo:
- Igama leglasi:
Kwezonyango, udakada ibhekisa kuhlobo lwe-bisect yezilwanyana ezinomqolo,
Kwiincwadi, ndihlala sisenzi esidityaniswe nomntu wokuqala kwaye sithetha ukuxhasa into kwenye
Ekhitshini, iglasi Ligama elinikwe isixhobo sokusela utywala, singenziwa ngeplastikhi okanye ngeglasi, enobumba obuyi-cylindrical.
- Igama eco:
Kwezonyango Ibhekisa kwinkqubo eyenziwayo kusetyenziswa isixhobo sonyango esibizwa ngokuba yi-ecosonogram, enomsebenzi wokubonisa amalungu angaphakathi omzimba. Kodwa isandi sokuphendula esiveliswa xa sithetha kwindawo evaliweyo kunye engenanto ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-echo.
- Ilizwi lewindow:
Kwikhompyuter Igama lefestile lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza i-portal evula ebonisa iphepha lewebhu, kodwa inokusetyenziselwa ukuchaza iglasi okanye iibhokisi zomthi ezibekwe ezindlwini okanye kumagumbi ukuze kuvunyelwe ukukhanya.
Ubugcisa obusetyenziswe ngokwendawo leyo
Iyeza: I-Gynecologist, i-cardiologist, i-urologist, i-obstetrician, i-anemia, i-spleen, isisu, intliziyo, i-urethra, i-x-ray, i-echo, i-endoscopy, i-electrocardiogram, i-arteries, i-immunodeficiency syndrome (i-AIDS), i-virus ye-immunodeficiency virus (HIV), intsholongwane, ubhubhane, uvalelo.
Ulawulo: Iindleko, ibhalansi, umbutho, ukurhwaphiliza, intengiso, imali, ucwangciso, accounting, rate, inkcitho
Kunene: Igqwetha, ijaji, ijaji, inkundla, umthetho, ingqina, ityala, ulwaphulo-mthetho, iofisi, isigwebo, isigqibo, ityala, isigwebo.
Itekhnoloji: Ifowuni, izixhobo zekhompyutha, isoftware, ikhompyuter, inkqubo yokusebenza, i-microchip, iwebhu, iqonga, ujongano, i-android, i-hybrid, i-intanethi, intsholongwane, ikhompyutha. Irobhothi, ubukrelekrele bokufakelwa.