Ikwaziwa njengokukhubazeka kwengqondo, ichaphazela i-1% yabemi, kuba kukukhubazeka kwengqondo, hayi isifo sengqondo, esibonakala ngokuthintela ukukhula kwengqondo komntu ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba kube nzima ukunxibelelana, nokuba kusapho okanye uluntu, luza kungabi namnqweno okanye njongo, kwaye lide litshintshe iimfuno zomzimba ezifanayo, kunokuthiwa ukudodobala kwengqondo kuxhaphake kakhulu emva kweminyaka eli-18.
Ukudodobala kwengqondo kunye nokuhlelwa kwayo
Ukongeza ekunciphiseni umntu ngokwasemoyeni, ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni, ikwalinganiswa ngendlela yesikali esibala ubukrelekrele, umntu oqhelekileyo kufuneka abe neziphumo ezingaphezulu kwama-70 kwelo nqanaba, ukuba lingaphantsi kwalo sele lithathwa njengokudodobala kwengqondo.
Leve
Ukusuka ku-50-70 ngokokubala kobukrelekrele, umntu lowo uyakwazi ukuhlala, abe nomsebenzi, abe nosapho, azimele, kuba ukukhubazeka kwemoto kuncinci, akuqapheleki, kwaye akufuneki noncedo, kodwa kwiimeko ezinobungozi , uxinzelelo kunye neengxaki zemali, ukuba unokufuna uncedo, okanye ngelishwa ufune ezinye iindlela ezinje ngotywala, iziyobisi okanye ukuzibulala okungakumbi. Konke oku kubangelwa kukudodobala kwengqondo okuncinci, okunokwenza ukuba kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi ekhankanyiweyo, kwaye kulapho ke ukukhubazeka kwakhe kwenziwa kwaziwe ngokuqaqamba ngakumbi. Abona bantu bachaphazelekayo ngabantwana abaneminyaka emi-0 ukuya kwesi-5 ubudala.
Iphakathi
Ukusuka kuma-35-50 ngokokubala kobukrelekrele, umntu lowo ukongeza ekubeni akwazi ukufunda kwaye aphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngolwimi olwaneleyo, uyakwazi ukubhala nokufunda, kodwa akanakho ukuqonda, oku kukhubazeka kuya kuba mfihlakalo Ixesha lokutolika ulwazi oluncinci eligciniweyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha baya kuhamba kuphela kwiindawo ezaziwayo ngoko ke akukhuthazwa ukuba bahlale bodwa. Olu luhlu lokukhubazeka kwengqondo luchaphazela iipesenti ezili-10 zabemi, kwaye baphila phantse kwiminyaka engama-55 ubudala.
kakhulu
Ukusuka kuma-20 ukuya kuma-35 ngokokubala ngokwasengqondweni, umntu ebuntwaneni akakwazi ukufunda ukuthetha, ukuba akakho kwiminyaka yobudala bokuya esikolweni, kulapho anokuthi aveze uthotho lwamagama, kodwa ngobunzima obukhulu, iya kuba nakho ukwenza Umsebenzi obekwe esweni, kuba inqanaba lokudodobala kwengqondo liqwalaselwa, nokuba abanako ukuzimela. Zichaphazela iipesenti ezi-4 zabemi, kwaye iminyaka yabo yobomi iyahluka phakathi kweminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-45 ukuba abazalwanga benokukhubazeka kwemoto.
Nzulu
Ukusuka kuma-20-0 ngokobalo lwengqondo, ubukhulu becala umntu unesifo semithambo-luvo, esenza ukuba kube nzima ukuthetha, ukunxiba, ukutya, phakathi kwabanye. Unengxaki yokugula okunje ngesifo sentliziyo kunye neemoto, ungumntu oxhomekeke kuye ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwengqondo kunye nemithambo-luvo. Eli nqanaba lokudodobala kwengqondo lichaphazela i-2% yabemi kwaye iminyaka yobomi imfutshane kakhulu.
Ayichazi
Eli nqanaba lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo alaziwa kangako, kuba kuvavanyo lwengqondo okanye kubalo alunakho ukuvavanya inqanaba lobukrelekrele obufunekayo ukubonisa ukuba ukhubazekile, kodwa umntu unothotho lweempawu zeemoto ezahlulahlula ukulibaziseka ngokwengqondo, banokukhokelela kubomi obuqhelekileyo obubekiweyo kwaye bayakwazi ukusebenza, ukuba inkampani iyakuvumela oko.
Ukudodobala kwengqondo kunye nezifo zayo
Oku kukhubazeka kwengqondo kuxhomekeke kwimfuza, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, i-biochemistry kunye ne-genetics, yiyo loo nto zonke izifo okanye ii-syndromes apho utshintsho kwii-chromosomes zomntu ziphumelela kwisiphumo sokudodobala kwengqondo.
Isifo sikaPrader-Willi
Esi sifo sibonakaliswa kukuphulukana necandelo lengalo (q) le-chromosome 15 yemvelaphi yooyise, umntu onale sifo ukongeza ekubonakaliseni ubuso obufana ne-septum encinci yempumlo kunye nomlomo omncinci ongentla, ukwanda kobunzima inokuqatshelwa nasemzimbeni. Kumaxesha angaphambili bayididekile le ndlela yokudumba nokutyeba kakhulu.Ichaphazela umntwana omnye kwabali-1 15.000 emhlabeni kwaye akasasazeki ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye.
Isifo serett
Isifo se-neurological progressive esomeleleyo, esidibene ne-X chromosome, esi sifo saziwa kuphela kumantombazana kwaye sikhula ukusuka kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi, kude kube ziinyanga ezi-6 apho baphulukana ngokupheleleyo nentetho kwaye abanazakhono zemoto. Akuqhelekanga kubantwana abaphilayo kuba besweleka ngokuqhomfa okuzenzekelayo, sisifo esingelolifa kwaye unyango alukafumaneki.
Down syndrome
Ebangelwa lutshintsho lwe-chromosome 21 eveliswe yitrisomy, ebangela ukudodobala kwengqondo ukusuka kumanqanaba aphakathi ukuya kwinqanaba kwaye umntwana omnye kwabangama-1 uzelwe enalesi sifo. Bonke oomama banakho ukuba umntwana afunyaniswe ene-Down syndrome, kodwa kwiminyaka engama-600 ubudala kukho umngcipheko omkhulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Isifo seAsperger
Ukuphazamiseka kwempawu ezenzekelayo, umntu unobunzima ekuziphatheni, oku kubakhokelela ekubeni bangahlali, banengqondo kakhulu kodwa baziva behambelana nemicimbi ethile, ukukhubazeka kwabo kwiimoto kuyaphawuleka kwaye bathambekele ekwenziweni kweentshukumo. iinkolelo.
Isifo se-Fragile X
Ebangelwa luhlobo olunye kwi-chromosome engu-X. Igqalwa njengomgqugquzeli wokudodobala kwengqondo kwilifa, ichaphazela abesini esinye, kodwa ngamandla kumakhwenkwe, kuba kumantombazana isifo sisebenza ngendlela elungeleleneyo, zibonakaliswa ngokuba nengqondo ukukhubazeka, ukulibaziseka kolwimi kwaye uhlupheke ngokuhlutha kaninzi.
Ukufumanisa njani ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
Ngokuvavanywa kobukrelekrele, ixabiso lokubala ubukrelekrele linokuchazwa, oku kungenziwa kuvavanyo, oluquka ukubuza imibuzo eliqela, emva koko uhlalutye iimpendulo, kunye nokufumana iziphumo, ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe kuhlelo lokudodobala kwengqondo kuchaziwe ngentla.
Ilifa lemfuza kunye nemfuza zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu koku kukhubazeka, kubalulekile ukubuza amalungu osapho ukuba athe aphathwa kakubi, okanye ukukhubazeka ngokwengqondo nangokwemoto, kuwo wonke umthi womlibo, oku kuya kunceda ukulawula nasiphi na isifo semfuza okanye ukulibazisa ingqondo.
Kwimeko yokuba nabantwana, kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba umntwana ukhubazekile engqondweni, ngenxa yoko isimo sengqondo kunye nokukhula komntwana kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo.Iminye imizekelo iya kukhankanywa ukukukhokela ngokulula.
- Ingxaki yokunxibelelana
- Iingxaki zoxinaniso.
- Kunzima ukuhamba.
- Emva kwe-11, kunzima ukuba eme.
- Emva kweenyanga ezili-9 akarhubuluzi.
- Kunzima ukukhumbula izicatshulwa.
- Emva kweenyanga ezisi-8 ungahlali, nokuba uyazixhasa.
- Emva kweenyanga ezi-4 zobomi, akakwazi ukugcina intloko yakhe izinzile.
Eyona njongo iphambili kukusoloko ubeka iliso kwinkqubo yokukhula kwabantwana, ukuze babenakho ukumisela besebancinci, ukuba ngaba baneengxaki zengqondo.