Umntu unamava amanqanaba afana ne-nomadism ukusukela kumaxesha angaphambi kokubhalwa kwembali, konke oko kusekwe kukwahluka kommandla onommandla ngamnye kunye neemfuno zawo zokuphila.
Namhlanje, la Ukufuduka kuye kwaba yinto eqhubeka rhoqo ngaphakathi koluntu olukhulu lwehlabathi. Ke namhlanje besifuna ukukwazisa malunga nonobangela kunye neziphumo zokufuduka kwangaphandle, izinto ezinempembelelo kunye nezibonelelo zako.
Yintoni ukufuduka kwangaphandle?
Yinto eyenzeka kwilizwe liphela apho inani elithile labantu elizweni ligqiba kwelokuba liphonononge ubomi obutsha kwaye lithathe isigqibo sokuya kwilizwe elitsha. Olu luvo lunokuchongwa njengokufudukela kwamanye amazwe.
Abantu abashiya ilizwe labo ukuya kuziphelisa kwelinye babizwa Abaphambukeli, ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba umntu ohlala elizweni ngumphambukeli, kubizwa njalo umphambukeli.
Uluhlu lwabantu abashiya ilizwe labo bekhangela ikamva elingcono lide kakhulu, amazwe okuqala ehlabathi anokuchaphazeleka okanye axhamle ngabantu abahlukeneyo abeza kuwo.
Yiyo loo nto Imfuduko yangaphandle inefuthe eliphezulu kwinkcubeko nakuqoqosho kokubini ilizwe elilahlekelwa ngumhlali nakwilizwe elifumana umphambukeli.
Ukuphonononga nzulu kulo mbandela, siza kukunika izizathu zokufuduka kwangaphandle:
Izizathu zokufuduka kwangaphandle
Ngelishwa, ayingawo onke amazwe anemithombo yezoqoqosho yokuqinisekisa abemi babo ngokwasemphefumlweni, ngokwasemphefumlweni nakwimpilo-ntle yabo. Ngombulelo koku ukuba abantu abaninzi bazifumana benyanzelekile ukuba bajonge indawo yokuhlala kunye neemeko ezingcono kunendawo abahlala kuyo.
Kwakhona kufuneka ukhule ngokomsebenzi isenokuba sisizathu sokuba abantu abaninzi bawashiye amazwe abo, nokuba lixesha elifutshane okanye ubomi babo bonke.
Ngokubanzi, ukufuduka kwangaphandle yimeko ebikho ngaphakathi kweemfuno ezisisiseko zomntu kwindaleko yakhe yonke.
Izinto ezichaphazela
Amagama okutyhala kunye nokutsala izinto asetyenziselwa ukuchaza izizathu zokufuduka kwangaphandle. Bagxininisa izizathu zokuba ummi ngamnye kufuneka ashiye amazwe abo ngokweemfuno abazibonisayo.
Njengoko igama lisitsho, into etyhilwayo yiyo yonke into eyenza ukuba umntu ajongeke unyanzelwe ngaphandle kwimeko yakhe yangokuNokuba kungenxa yemeko yezoqoqosho ilizwe elihamba kulo, ezinje: ukunqongophala kokutya, amaxabiso aphezulu, ulwaphulo-mthetho, amathuba aphantsi okuqeshwa, iintlekele zendalo okanye ulawulo lwezopolitiko.
Kwelinye icala, into enomtsalane zizizathu ezinyanzela umntu ukuba afudukele kwelinye ilizwe ngokweempawu kunye namathuba ilizwe elo aya kulo, anje ngalo: ithuba lokufumana umsebenzi ongcono, inkqubo engcono yemfundo, inkululeko ukhetho, intetho kunye nezinye izinto ekufuneka ilizwe elinenqanaba eliphezulu lophuhliso libe nazo
Iipateni zokufuduka
Elinye lezona zinto zinzima kwezentlalo ukubala yinto yokufuduka yelizwe. I-3% yabemi behlabathi ngabaphambukeli bangaphandle.
Ukwenza imizekelo yeendlela ezithile zokufuduka, sinokubona iimeko ezinjengezo zeAsia, iAfrika neLatin America, eziyimimandla enezinga eliphezulu lokufudukela ngaphandle; ngokuchaseneyo, iNyakatho Melika, iYurophu ne-Australia zine izinga eliphezulu lokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe.
Enkosi kwiimeko zelizwe ngalinye, umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwenkcubeko nganye ngokwemiqathango yokufuduka kunye nokufuduka kunokujongwa.
Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo, abantu abazizigidi ezingama-20 baye baba ngabaphambukeli ngenxa yeengxwabangxwaba kunye nezidubedube zentlalo abaye bazifumana kumazwe abo.
Izizathu
Inqaku lezoqoqosho ngoyena nobangela uphambili Ngokufuduka kwangaphandle, amazwe amaninzi awanazo izixhobo zokuxhaphaza kwaye afuna olunye uqoqosho ukuxhasa abanye abahlali, oku kubangela ukuba uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwesizwe luchaphazeleke yimfuno yotyalo-mali ekutyeni.
Kwezinye iimeko, urhulumente welizwe akakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ekufuneka eyenzile ukuqinisekisa impilo yabemi kwaye ngenxa yoku uqoqosho lukarhulumente luchaphazeleka ngokuthe ngqo.
Njengoko kunokuba kunjalo ukuba akukho zixhobo zaneleyo zotyalo-mali kwiimfuno zoluntu oluninzi kakhulu.
Kwelinye icala, ukukhangela inkululeko kuhlala kusisizathu sokuba abantu bafune indawo yokuhlala engcono; Kwakhona, iimeko zasedolophini apho uhlala khona zinokuba ngunobangela wokufuduka kwangaphandle.
Iziphumo
Ewe ukufuduka kwangaphandle kunokuzisa iziphumo kubomi babantu, nakwezoqoqosho nakwimpilo-ntle yelizwe iyakwamkela. Phakathi kwezona ziphumo zixhaphakileyo zale meko sifumanisa ukuba babini abachaphazelekayo:
Ilizwe lemvelaphi
- Ukuphulukana nabasebenzi abanokubakho kunye neengcali.
- Ubudlelwane phakathi kosapho buthathaka.
- Unciphisa ukuxinana kwezixeko.
- Ukuphulukana nelona lizwe lincinci kunye nelona lifanelekileyo ekukhuleni kwelizwe.
- Ukuphulukana neerhafu kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwentlalo.
Ilizwe ekuyiwa kulo
- Ngokubanzi ifumana iingcali ezifanelekileyo eziqeqeshelwe ukufaka igalelo kwizinto ezintle kwisizwe
- Bonyusa ingeniso yezoqoqosho kurhulumente ngerhafu.
- Imfuno yeenkonzo zoluntu ezinje ngezothutho kunye nempilo inkulu.
Utshintsho ukulungelelanisa
Wonke umntu ozimisele ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe aye kwelinye ngombono wokuphucula umgangatho wobomi babo, kufuneka bazi ukuba kukho iinguqu ezithile kwinqanaba lenkcubeko ekufuneka beziqhelanise nalo, oko akuthethi ukuba kufuneka bancame iingcambu kunye namasiko abo ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kufuneka uvule ingqondo yakho ngakumbi kwaye inqanaba lakho lokunyamezelana kufuneka liphakanyiswe ukuze uqonde kwaye uvumelane neenkcubeko ezithile.
Izibonelelo zokufuduka kwangaphandle
Ngaphandle kokuba yinto engalawulekiyo kwinqanaba leenkcukacha manani, kunokuba nezibonelelo ezininzi kwezempilo, ukuhlala kunye nokukhula kutshintshiselwano lweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.
Siqonda ngokwenkcubeko nasiphi na isenzo umntu asibonisayo, kubandakanya imikhwa kunye neenqobo ezisemgangathweni. Ewe, ezoqoqosho ziyaxhamla enkosi ngokufika kweengcali ezintsha kunye nabantu abohlukeneyo abavela kurhwebo olunqongopheleyo kwilizwe elisinge kulo.