Kubalulekile ukuba uqonde intsingiselo yamagama ukunyamezelana, ukuxhomekeka kunye nokulutha xa uthetha malunga nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamachiza amiselweyo, njengezifo zokunciphisa iintlungu ze-opioid. Ngelishwa, la magama ahlala esetyenziswa gwenxa ziingcali kunye nabantu ngokufanayo, oko kukhokelela kwinkolelo ephosakeleyo yokuba unyamezelo, ukuxhomekeka, kunye nokuba likhoboka ngamagama ahlukileyo kwinto enye.
Nangona kunjalo, ukwazi umahluko phakathi kwala magama kungakhokelela ekuqondeni okungcono iingozi zokusebenzisa gwenxa iziyobisi. Ngale ndlela, Ukuze uqonde ukunyamezelwa kweziyobisi kunye notywala, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba yintoni ikhoboka okanye ukuxhomekeka.
Umahluko obaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwezi ngcamango kukuba ukunyamezelana kunye nokuxhomekeka kubhekisa kwiziphumo ezibonakalayo zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Ngokwahlukileyo, likhoboka ligama elichazayo elibhekisa kwimfuno yokuzibandakanya kwiindlela zokuziphatha eziyingozi njengokusebenzisa iziyobisi. Iziyobisi ezikhokelela kuphuhliso lokunyamezelana kunye nokuxhomekeka emzimbeni zihlala zinokubangela umlutha, kodwa hayi rhoqo.
Yintoni ukunyamezelana?
Ukunyamezelana kuchazwa njengokwehla kokuphendula komntu kwichiza elisiphumo sokusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo.V Abantu banokuphuhlisa ukunyamezelana neziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni kunye namayeza amiselweyo. Ukunyamezelana sisiphumo somzimba sokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, ayisiyongxaki yokuba likhoboka.
Umzekelo, izigulana ezinganyangekiyo zihlala zikhulisa ukunyamezelana nezinye iziyobisi zonyango ngaphandle kokwenza umlutha kuzo. Zintathu iintlobo eziphambili zokunyamezelana esiza kuchaza apha ngezantsi.
Unyamezelo Acute
Ukunyamezelana okukhawulezileyo okanye okwexeshana kubangelwa kukuvezwa okuphindaphindiweyo kwichiza ixesha elincinci. Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwecocaine kuhlala kukhokelela kunyamezelo olukhulu. Uvavanyo lubonakalisile ukuba emva kwethamo lokuqala lecocaine, izifundo zovavanyo zinamava aphezulu kunye nokunyuka kwenqanaba lentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuphindaphindwa kwamanqanaba eziyobisi egazini, idosi yesibini yecocaine kwimizuzu engama-40 kamva ayivelisi ukonyuka kokuxhomekeka kwidosi kwiziphumo 'ezilungileyo' zeziyobisi. kubandakanya ukonyuka okongeziweyo kwentliziyo okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi.
Ukunyamezelana okungapheliyo
Ukunyamezelana ixesha elide okanye okungapheliyo kuyenzeka xa umzimba womntu uziqhelanisa nokuchaphazeleka rhoqo sisiyobisi ngaphezulu kweeveki okanye iinyanga. Abantu abaxhaphaza rhoqo i-opioids kagqirha bakhulisa ukunganyamezelani kwiziphumo zala machiza, zikhokelela uninzi lwazo ekonyuseni idosi ethathiweyo okanye ukutshintshela kwiindlela ezinamandla zokuthatha la machiza, njengokurhola okanye ukujova ichiza.
Ukunyamezelana
Ukunyamezelana okufundiweyo kunokubangelwa kukuvezwa rhoqo kwiziyobisi ezithile. Umzekelo, abantu abasebenzisa gwenxa utywala iinyanga okanye iminyaka bahlala bengabonakali benxilile njengaye wonke umntu. Izifundo zovavanyo zibonakalise ukuba abaseli banokuhlawula iziphumo zotywala kulungelelwaniso lwabo xa beziqhelanisa nomsebenzi uphantsi kwempembelelo.. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunyamezelana kuyanyamalala ukuba ulawulo lutshintshiwe.
Okokugqibela, uninzi lweziyobisi zinempembelelo engaphezulu kwesinye, kwaye ukunyamezelana akuthethi kuthi kuphuhlisa ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke iziphumo. Abasebenzisi be-opioids engekho mthethweni kunye nonyango, efana ne-heroin okanye i-oxycodone (i-OxyContin), ngokukhawuleza bakhulise ukunyamezelana nala maqhina aphezulu aveliswa zezi ziyobisi, kodwa hayi kwiziphumo ezinobungozi zokudakumba komphefumlo (kunciphise izinga lokuphefumla). Abahlukumezi be-Opioid abathatha iidosi ezinkulu zala machiza ukoyisa ukunyamezelana kunye nokuphakama rhoqo balaliswa esibhedlele, okanye bafe, kuba bayayeka ukuphefumla njengeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Ukuxhomekeka kunye neziyobisi
Nje ukuba wazi ukuba yintoni inyamezelo kwiziyobisi nakutywala kwaye imalunga nantoni, siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni ukuxhomekeka kunye nokulutha ukuze kwixesha elizayo, ungawaphiki amagama kwaye wazi ukuba umntu ngamnye ubhekisa kwintoni kwimeko nganye.
Ukuxhomekeka
Amagama ukuxhomekeka kunye nokulutha zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokungafaniyo, kodwa kukho umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwezi zimbini. Kwimeko yezonyango, ukuxhomekeka kubhekisa ngokukodwa kwimeko yomzimba apho umzimba uziqhelanise nobukho bechiza. Ukuba umntu oxhomekeke kwiziyobisi ngequbuliso uyeka ukulisebenzisa elo chiza, loo mntu uya kuba neempawu eziqikelelweyo nezinokulinganiswa, ezaziwa njengeempawu zokurhoxa.
Nangona ukuxhomekeka kuhlala kuyinxalenye yeziyobisi, iziyobisi ezingezizo ezomlutha nazo zinokubangela ukuxhomekeka kwizigulana. Umzekelo olungileyo yi-prednisone, indlela yokwenziwa kwehomoni ye-steroid cortisol esetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifuba, ukungahambelani komzimba, isifo sikaCrohn, kunye nezinye iimeko ezininzi zokuvuvukala.. IPrednisone ayaziwa njengekhobokisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isigulana sithathe i-prednisone iiveki ezininzi emva koko uyeke ngesiquphe, kunokwenzeka ukuba ubenengxaki yokurhoxa njengokudinwa, ubuthathaka, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye nentlungu edibeneyo.
Ukuxhomekeka kubangelwa lutshintsho emzimbeni ngenxa yokuchazwa rhoqo kwichiza. Kwimeko ye-prednisone, umzimba uhlengahlengisa kumayeza aphindaphindiweyo ngokunciphisa imveliso yawo ye-cortisol, enokuthi ishiye umzimba ngaphandle kwenqanaba lesiseko 'lenkxaso' ye-cortisol xa i-prednisone iyekile, kukhokelela kwiimpawu zokurhoxa kwe-steroid kude kubuyiselwe ibhalansi.
Iziyobisi
Iziyobisi sisifo sengqondo esingapheliyo nesiphindaphindayo esibonakaliswa kukufuna iziyobisi nokusetyenziswa, ngaphandle kweziphumo eziyingozi. Ngamanye amagama, umlutha ngumnqweno ongalawulekiyo okanye onamandla wokusebenzisa iziyobisi, kwaye oku kunyanzeliswa kuhlala ixesha elide kwaye kungabuya ngokungalindelekanga emva kwexesha lokuphucula.
Umlutha yimeko yengqondo echaza uxanduva lokuthatha iziyobisi okanye ukuzibandakanya kwezinye iindlela zokuziphatha eziyingozi. Abantu banokuphucula iziyobisi ezitratweni, amayeza kagqirha kunye nemisebenzi efana nokungcakaza. Iziyobisi ziyaqhubeka kwaye abantu abangamakhoboka banokubuyela ekusebenziseni iziyobisi emva kweminyaka yokuyeka.
Nangona umlutha wawusaziwa njengophawu lokuziphatha gwenxa, ngoku uthathelwa ingqalelo ngabantu abaninzi kwicandelo lokulutha kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi ukuba yimeko evela ngokudibana notshintsho kwingqondo olubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Kungenxa yokuba phantse onke amachiza amakhoboka ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo asebenze indawo yengqondo, i-nucleus accumbens, edla ngokwenziwa yimisebenzi enomvuzo yendalo ebalulekileyo ekusindeni, njengokutya, ukwabelana ngesondo, okanye ukuchitha ixesha nabahlobo.
Kwingqondo yomlutha, ukufumana nokuthatha iziyobisi kunokubonakala ngathi kungumcimbi wobomi nokufa. Iziyobisi ezikhobokisayo zikhuthaza ukonwaba kunye neendlela ezikhuthazayo kwingqondo enamandla ngakumbi kunemivuzo yendalo. Ke ngoko, ukubonakaliswa okuphindaphindiweyo kula mayeza inokukhohlisa ingqondo ekubekeni phambili ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngaphezulu kwesiqhelo, imisebenzi esempilweni.