Izinto eziphilayo zenza iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokufumana amandla ukuze zifumane amandla. Iziphumo ezibonakalayo zeenkqubo ezinjalo utshintsho, echazwa njengokutshintsha kweemeko kunye neempawu zeekhompawundi. Ngokuqinisekileyo uyibonile le nkqubo kwimisitho emininzi ejikeleze wena, nangona kuyinyani ukuba ayizizo zonke iinkqubo zokuthotywa komzimba ezivundisayo, inyani kukuba ixesha oshiye ngalo isitya sobisi ngaphandle kwefriji, intsholongwane Lobobacillus Uyenzile into yakhe, kwaye ngenkqubo yokuguqula umzimba waguqula ubisi lwakho olutsha lwaba muncu. Hi ndlela leyi, iimveliso zale mpendulo azisoloko zingafuneki, umzekelo, iglasi yewayini ohamba nayo isidlo sangokuhlwa ivela kukuvundiswa kwencindi yomdiliya.
Ukuvundiswa kuguqula iiswekile zibe yimveliso yeqela le-ethyl (i-alcohol), yiyo loo nto imveliso yenkqubo yokubola ineempawu "ezimuncu" ze-organoleptic.
Ukusuka ekubiliseni ukuya ekubiliseni i-lactic
Ukuvumba yindlela yokusabela yemichiza eyenziwa ziintsholongwane (ibacteria), kwaye yayisisazinzulu uLouis Pasteur owayedibanisa le nkqubo yokuthotywa kwezinye izinto zokutya njengenxalenye yesenzo sebacteria. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, uphando kwicandelo le-microbiology lwenze ukuba kube lula ukwahlula ukuba uhlobo lokuvumba olwenzekileyo (oluchazwe ziimveliso) sisiphumo sentsholongwane ethile. Kwimeko apho esixhalabisayo ngoku, ukubila kwe-lactic, kuchazwa yintsholongwane emise intonga "ILactobacillus", kwaye isiphumo sokwaphuka kweswekile yi-lactic acid kunye nekhabhon diokside.
Eyona ndlela iphambili yokuphendula kwi-lactic fermentation yile ukulandelelana kwamanzi emzimbeni zezinto eziphilayo, ezihlala ziseswekile, nangona imeko yokuthatha inxaxheba njenge-asidi ye-fatty inokuqwalaselwa. Iseti yokuphendula iyenzeka ukuba ngokubanzi sinokushwankathela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Iswekile = Utywala + iCarbon dioksayidi
Le mpendulo inokuhlelwa ngokwenani leemveliso ezibangela:
- Umsebenzi wasekhaya: I-Lactose yehla ibe yimveliso enye (i-lactic acid).
- Heterolactic: Kule meko, kufunyenwe iimveliso ezintathu: i-lactic acid, i-ethanol kunye namanzi.
Iimeko ezithanda ukuphuculwa kwempendulo zezi:
Iimeko eziqhelekileyo zokusingqongileyo: Ubushushu kuma-25 ºC noxinzelelo kwi-atm 1. Ezi meko ziyathandeka kwinkoliso yeentsholongwane, kungoko kunokuthiwa zikhuthaza ukukhula kwazo, oko kukuthi, ukwenziwa kweempendulo zemetaboliki ukwanelisa iimfuno zazo zesondlo; Nyusa; ukukhutshwa, okanye ukukhutshwa kwemveliso yenkunkuma (ityhefu) kunye nokuzala kwakhona. Yonke le misebenzi ikhankanyiweyo ibandakanya utshintsho.
Ubukho beswekile, kunye nezinto eziphilayo: Izinto eziphilayo zisetyenziswa zezi zinto ziphilayo ukwenza iinkqubo zazo zokuhambisa ukutya, iswekile iyakhethwa, kwimeko yokuvundiswa kwe-lactic, icandelo elikhoyo libizwa ngokuba yi-lactose. Iibacteria ziyachuma kwiindawo ezineswekile ephezulu. Ngolwimi oluqhelekileyo, sinokuthi nje ukuba iibhaktheriya zithanda iswekile.
Ukufuma: Uninzi lonyango lwe-antibacterial lufuna ukunciphisa umxholo wokutya, kuba lukhuthaza uninzi lweemeko ezikhokelela kwiinkqubo ze-lactic acid Fermentation (kunye nezinye iimpendulo zebhakteria). Imveliso enomxholo ophantsi kakhulu wokufuma ayicacanga ekusebenzeni kwentshukumo yebhaktiriya.
Lactobacillus, kunye nesenzo sayo kubila lwe-lactic
Yibacteria yohlobo lwe-gram oluqinisekileyo, olude kwaye lufana nentonga, ekukhethwa ukuba ikhule kwindawo ye-anaerobic, nangona ingabunyamezela ubukho beoksijini.
Xa ikhulisa ukuvundiswa kwe-lactose, kukholelwa ukuba ayenzi nje ukwanelisa iimfuno zayo zesondlo, kodwa ikwachonge ukhetho oluthile lokuphucula imeko ye-asidi. Olu phawu lusetyenziswe zizazinzulu, ezikhuthaza ukubila kwe-lactic njengendlela yokugcina ukutya.njengendawo eneasidi ethintela ukukhula kweentsholongwane ezininzi eziyingozi kakhulu. Kukho iintsholongwane ezininzi ze-odolo lactobacillus ezithatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo:
- ILactobacillus bulgáricus.
- Icactobacillus casei.
- ILactobacillus delbrueckii.
- Lactobacillus leichmannii.
Nangona kuvakala kungahambelani, oogqirha bakhuthaze ukungeniswa kweemveliso ngale bhaktiriya, kuba isenzo esiluncedo kwizityalo zebacteria zamathumbu siye savavanywa. Kuthiwa kusinceda impendulo yakho.
Ukuvundiswa kwelactose kulondolozo lokutya
Ukuvumba kuyindlela yakudala, ephuhliswe ngabantu ngaphambi kwe isidingo esingxamisekileyo sokuguqula ukutya kube yimveliso eza kuhlala ixesha elide, kwaye ukukhula kwayo kufuna ukuthintela usulelo olubi isisu, ebesithi ngamaxesha apho ipenicillin ingaphuhliswanga, sibulale abantu. Ke, iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo zaphuhlisa iindlela zokuvumba, umzekelo, abantu baseAsia baphakamisa ukusetyenziswa kwabo kuphuhliso lweendlela zokupheka ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, bebengazi ngokupheleleyo ukuba isebenza njani le nkqubo.
YayinguLouis Pasteur owasungula isikhokelo sokuphuhliswa kwale mpendulo, evula icandelo lokuphuhliswa kweendlela zolondolozo. Njengemveliso yokuvundiswa kwelactic sifumana oku kulandelayo:
- Ukuvundiswa kobisi: Iibhaktheriya ezenza lo mbilo zifumana amandla kwi-lactose, ekhokelela ekubeni i-acidification yobisi. Iimveliso ezahlukileyo zinokufunyanwa, ezinye zazo kuphela ziye zathandwa ngokurhweba, nangona kunjalo, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso ezisetyenzisiweyo kwinqanaba lomzi mveliso. Ubisi olujijiweyo lubangelwa kukunkcenkceshela kweeproteni.
- Ukuvundiswa kwemifuno: Iintsholongwane zolu hlobo ziyasebenza nakwimifuno. Abantu abasebenzisa le ndlela bacebisa ukongeza ityuwa encinci, ukunqanda ukukhula kweentsholongwane, kodwa abanye bakholelwa ukuba isenzo setyuwa asinampumelelo kuba sithintela ukukhula Lobobacillus. Abanye bayayazi le nkqubo njengokukha imifuno.
- Ukuvumba kwinyama: Inkqubo yokwenza iisoseji yaziwa kakhulu kweli candelo lokuvumba kwelactic. Nangona kunjalo, iyasebenza kwezinye iimveliso ezinje ngeentlanzi. Kule meko, yi-glycogen eguqulwa ibe yi-lactic acid.