Ukutyhubela imbali, iingqondi ezinkulu ziye zanefuthe kwindlela yobukho, ukucinga nokwenza izinto ukusuka kwimpucuko eyahlukeneyo yakudala ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ukuvela kwengqondo yomntu kuye kwaba negalelo elikhulu kwifilosofi, le intle kakhulu inzululwazi efunda ngobuhle bomntu phantsi kwezinye iikhonsepthi zobuhle eziyenzayo.
Kwangelo xesha, inike ulwazi izixhobo eziphambili zokuyiqonda kakuhle kunye nesigama sayo. Ngenxa yoku, besifuna ukunikezela inqaku ngakumbi kulwazi lwefilosofi, yeyiphi igalelo elinike uluntu kunye nendlela efanelekileyo yokuyiqonda ngaphandle kokuyigxeka.
Yintoni ifilosofi?
Masiqale ngokuchaza umxholo wefilosofi ikakhulu njengothando lobulumko. Yinzululwazi efunda iingxaki ezinxulumene nabantu neemeko zabo, eziphakamisa imibuzo enjengokuziphatha, ubuhle, ubukho, ulwazi, ingqondo nolwimi.
Xa ubuza malunga nale micimbi, ifilosofi yahlukile kubunkunkqele bezinto zokomoya, kuba inegxininiso kwizinto ezinengqiqo ezakha kwaye zichaza ubukho.
Izifundo ezenziwa yifilosofi azibandakanyekanga kumava, ulwazi luhlala lufikelelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngokuqikelela, ezifunda izinto ezazibandakanyeka kuqala ukuze zikwazi ukunika isigqibo sokugqibela malunga nemiba echaza loo nto ithethwayo, ngaphandle kwaleyo, Akukho sigqibo sithile sokuba iimeko zeempawu zento efundwe ukusukela ngobuhle obungenasiphelo kunye ubuchule bento yefilosofi yokubuza ngobukho bayo, ikuvumela ukuba ushiye ngaphaya kolwazi olufunyenwe ngaphambili.
Isithandi sobulumko sinokuba sisazinzulu, isifundiswa sezenkolo okanye ezopolitiko, oku kungenxa yeempawu ezintle ezifanayo zokuqonda kunye nokubeka iingxaki ebomini.
Yintoni ulwazi?
Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngolwazi lwefilosofi kufuneka sijongane nomxholo wolwazi, eli gama lineekhonsepthi ezininzi ezinxulumene nalo; umzekelo: isazela somntu, izazi kunye nesenzo sokufumana ulwazi.
Yonke into iya kuxhomekeka kwisikhundla umntu anaso ngaphambi kweli xesha kunye nosetyenziso oluya kuthi lunikwe ngaphakathi kumacandelo ophando.
Isishwankathelo, unokuba nomxholo wekota kunye neenkcazo ezininzi zawo ukuze ungathinteli ngokuthe ngqo ekufundeni, oko kukuthi, ukuba unoluvo lolwazi olunxulumene nokuqonda, inokuba ingcinga efanayo ngamava kunye nokwazi ubukho ngokubhekisele kwindalo iphela.
Kwelinye icala, ukuba umntu unoluvo lolwazi olunxulumene nokuqiqa, banokuba nengcaciso yomxholo wobukrelekrele obunxulumene nendawo ethile enjengesayensi.
Ke kufanelekile ukuba neekhonsepthi ezahlukileyo ezichazwe ngaphambili ezinxulumene nomxholo wolwazi ngokwawo.
Ithetha ntoni ulwazi lwentanda-bulumko?
Iyaqondwa ngoluhlobo lokwahlulahlula, yonke into ehambelana nomntu esekwe kwindlela yakhe yokuziphatha nakwingcinga.
Uhlalutyo kunye nokugxeka zizixhobo anazo ifilosofi ukuze akwazi ukufikelela kolo lwazi.
Ukubona iziphene kwindlela ethile yokuziphatha esiba yingxaki yokuba kuyo, uhlalutyo lusisiseko phucula intetho yefilosofi.
Ukugxekwa kuvula indlela yokucebisa ngezisombululo ezitsha ezibandakanya ukudibana kunye nezinye iingxaki.
Izinto eziphambili
Phakathi kwezinto eziphambili zoku sifumana oku kulandelayo:
- Ulwazi lwezobugcisa: Isekwe kwi amava akho adala ulwazi, kuxhomekeke kwimbono yokuba umntu unayo kunye namandla akhe okufunda. Funda ukuphuhlisa izakhono ezinjengokubhala, ukufunda, ulwimi olutsha, ukwazi imibala yoonobumba kunye namanani, kunye nokukwazi ukunika amagama kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo; bobabo kulwazi olunamandla.
- Ulwazi lwezenkolo: Ibhekisa kukuzithemba umntu anako ebusweni bezinto ezahlukeneyo ezingenayo ingcaciso engqina ubunyani bobukho babo. Ukudalwa kwendalo yonke, ubukho bemithetho elishumi, imimangaliso echazwe kwibhayibhile, kwanobomi bukaYesu.
- Ulwazi lwezesayensi: Isekwe kubungqina obuqinisekisa ubunyani bezi zifundo, umzekelo, iithiyori ezinje nge-Big Bang, umthetho we-Gravity, iingcinga zika-Darwin, i-heliocentrism, iintshukumo zoguqulo kunye nokujikeleza.
- Ukuqonda okunomdla: Inxulumene ne-intuition yokuba abantu kufuneka babone izinto ezenzeka kwindalo yabo nakubudlelwane boluntu kunye noluntu. Qaphela iindlela ezahlukileyo zomntu, utolike ulwimi lomzimba lwabanye, kwaye wazi ukuba ungaziqonda njani iimvakalelo zabanye.
- Ulwazi lwefilosofi yokuzazi: Ukuzazi ngokwakho sisixhobo esiphambili sokuzivelela kobuntu, kwinqanaba lokomoya kubonelela ngezibonelelo ebantwini ukuze bakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo ekhoyo kunye nokwazi indlela yokuphila ngokuhambelana namandla abanawo kwiziqu zabo. Inxulumene ngqo nobulumko bomntu kunye nemfuno yakhe yokuqonda izinto ezahlukeneyo ezenzeka macala onke kuye; Qonda isizathu sobukho, unobangela wokuvela kohlobo kunye nezinye iintlobo zemibuzo malunga noluntu kunye nendawo ekuyo.
Iimpawu zolwazi lwefilosofi
Ulwazi ngalunye lwefilosofi lwabelana ngesimo esifanayo nabanye: isidingo sokufumana ubulumko ngayo nayiphi na indlela ubukho obukhoyo.
Siyaqonda ngobulumko nawuphi na umlinganiswa owenza ubukrelekrele ngokwamava omntu ukuze afikelele ekuqondeni okungcono kwento okanye imeko ephantsi kwesifundo.
Ukuze sikwazi ukwahlula phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi, ubulumko busizisa kwimeko yokubonisa apho sinokuthi sithathe isigqibo malunga nokulungileyo kuthi okanye akunjalo, okanye nje ukuziva uyolo lokufumana ulwazi kwindalo yonke. Kungenxa yoko le nto ubulumko luphawu oluba yinxalenye yolwazi lwefilosofi kunye nokusebenza kwayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla yomntu.
Olunye uludwe lweembono, kukho izinto ezininzi ezahlula ifilosofi kwisazinzulu.
Ngokomfilosofi ongumGrike u-Aristotle, kukho izinto ezine eziphambili apho ifilosofi inokwahlukana khona:
- Ukuqiqa: Ayinayo kwaphela imeko yeemvakalelo, isekwe kulungelelwaniso lwengcinga, evumela ifilosofi ukuba ifunde nzulu kwaye ngaphandle kokuzibophelela ngokweemvakalelo nayiphi na into ezeleyo yokuntsokotha.
- Kubalulekile: Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, kulwazi lwentanda-bulumko, ukukwazi ukuqhubekekisa ulwazi ngendlela eyiyo kuyafuneka ukuze sikwazi ukufikelela kwizigqibo.
- Uhlalutyo: Ijolise kwizihloko ezithile, oko kukuthi, igubungela isihloko esithile ukuze ikwazi ukucacisa iikhonsepthi kunye nethiyori ngokukodwa.
- Imbali: Ihlala inxulunyaniswa neziganeko zembali nezentlalo ezenzeka kwindawo ethile.