Ngaba ukhe waqaphela ukuba zimbini iintlobo zokuncuma: uncumo lwenene kunye nenkohliso? Lo mahluko unomdla kubaphandi kangangexesha elithile. Ngapha koko, uncumo lokwenene lunegama. Ibizwa ngokuba "luncumo lweDuchenne" ka ugqirha waseFrance uGuillaume Duchenne, owafunda ngomzimba wobuso.
Uncumo lweDuchenne lubandakanya ukunganyangeki ngokuzithandela nokungazibandakanyi kwezihlunu ezibini: i-zygomaticus enkulu (ukuphakamisa iikona zomlomo) kunye ne-orbicularis oculi (ukuphakamisa izidlele kunye nokuvelisa iinyawo zikanomyayi ejikeleze amehlo). Uncumo olungeyonyani luthetha ukuba kuphela kwe-zygomaticus enkulu kuba singenakho ngokuzithandela ukufumana i-orbicularis oculi muscle.
Iindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zoncumo
Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba ezi ndidi zoncumo zimbini zilawulwa ngamalungu amabini ahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo engqondo. Xa isigulana esinomonakalo we-motor cortex kwincam yasekhohlo yengqondo izama ukuncuma, uncumo alulingani kwaye icala lasekunene loncumo aluhambi njengoko kufanele. Nangona kunjalo, xa isigulana esinye sihleka ngokuzenzekelayo, uncumo luqhelekile ngaphandle kwe-asymmetry. Oku kuthetha ukuba uncumo lwenene lulawulwa lelinye icandelo lobuchopho.
Ngoku, xa isigulana esinomonakalo kwi-cingate yangaphakathi (inxalenye yenkqubo yomlenze) kwi-hemisphere yasekhohlo izama ukuncuma, akukho asymmetry. Uncumo oluqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, xa kwa esi sigulana sizama ukuncuma ngokuzenzekelayo, kuvela iasymmetry.
Ke ngoko, uncumo lobuxoki lulawulwa yi-motor cortex, ngelixa iintshukumo ezinxulumene neemvakalelo, ezinje ngoncumo lweDuchenne, Zilawulwa yinkqubo ye-limbic system (indawo yeemvakalelo yengqondo).
Uncumo olunyanisekileyo oluvelisa iimvakalelo ezintle
Ngale ndlela, uncumo lweDuchenne luncumo lwendalo lokonwaba, olwenziwe ngokufumana imicu ye-zygomaticus enkulu kunye ne-orbicularis oculi muscle. Xa ubona umntu ebonisa uncumo lweDuchenne, ngokwendalo uziva unovakalelo lomntu omomothekayo. Uncumo lwahlukile, kunye nomlomo uphakanyisiwe (umsipha omkhulu we-zygomaticus), izidlele ziphakanyisiwe, kunye neziseko zamehlo zishwabana ukwenza iinyawo zonomyayi (i-orbicularis oculi).
IiDuchenne's zizodwa. Uncumo lweDuchenne lwahlukile kunoncumo olungelulo iDuchenne ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Kuqala, uncumo lukaDuchenne lusebenzisa zombini i-zygomaticus enkulu kunye ne-orbicularis oculi. Uncumo olungelulo iDuchenne alufikeleli emehlweni, kodwa luhlala emilebeni kuphela nasezidleleni.
Okwesibini, uncumo lukaDuchenne luthathwa njengoncumo lwendalo lokonwaba. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, isivumelwano phakathi kwabaphandi yayikukuba uncumo lwenene lweDuchenne alunakuba yinyani. Uphando lwamva nje luye lwenza lo mbuzo. Ngoku, abaphandi bachitha ixesha elininzi bezama ukufumanisa ukuba sincedakala njani kwaye singavelisa njani uncumo lweDuchenne.
Uncumo lokonwaba
Kutheni le nto uncumo lokonwaba lungahluka kolunye uncumo? Umahluko phakathi kokonwaba kunye nolunye uncumo luvela ekusebenzeni kwe-neuroanatomy. Kubonakala ngathi kukho iindlela ezimbini ezahlukileyo ze-neural ezihambelana nembonakalo yobuso; I-avenue enye yenzelwe ubuso bokuzithandela, kwaye umzuzwana wezenzo zobuso ezingazibandakanyiyo kunye neemvakalelo.
Ukuhamba kobuso bokuzithandela kuvela kwisiqwengana semoto yengqondo kunye nokufikelela kubuso ngenkqubo yemoto yephiramidi. Ukuhamba kobuso ngokungaziphathi, njengaleyo ibandakanyekayo kwimbonakalo yeemvakalelo, kuvela ikakhulu kwi-subcortical nuclei kunye bafikelela ebusweni ngenkqubo ye-extrapyramidal motor.
Ungatsho njani ukuba uncumo lokonwaba luyinyani
Njengoko sele sibonisile ngasentla kodwa kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele, ngoncumo lokonwaba lokwenene, ulusu ngaphezulu nangaphantsi kweliso lolulelwe kwibhola yamehlo, kwaye oku kuvelisa olu tshintsho lulandelayo kwinkangeleko. Izidlele ziphakanyisiwe; ulusu phantsi kweliso luyakwazi ukuqokelela okanye ukukhupha; ijwabu leso elisezantsi liyenyuka. Iinyawo zikaCrow imibimbi zinokubonakala kwikona engaphandle yesokethi yamehlo; ulusu phezu kweliso lutsaliwe kancinci kwaye ngaphakathi; kwaye amashiya ahla kancinci kancinci.
Uncumo olungonwabisiyo, ngokuchaseneyo, lubonisa intshukumo efanayo yeekona zomlomo njengoncumo lokonwaba, kodwa alubandakanyi utshintsho ngenxa yemisipha ejikeleze amehlo. Kukubonakala ngaphezulu kwako konke, ekukhanyeni kwamehlo, apho ungayixabisa ngokwenene ukuba umntu uncume ngokunyanisekileyo, okanye hayi.
Uncumo lobuxoki
Siye sahleka ngobuxoki ngelinye ixesha ebomini bethu. Ngoncumo, ukungabikho kwentshukumo kwinxalenye engaphandle yemisipha ejikeleza iliso (orbicularis oculi pars lateralis, ngesiLatin) ukwahlula uncumo lobuxoki oluvela kokwenyani. Ukuba uncumo luthambile okanye lumodareyitha kubungakanani, Ukungabikho kwale ntshukumo kulula ukuyifumana kuba akukho nyawo zonomyayi ezikhoyo kwaye izidlele aziphakanyiswa sisenzo semisipha, ukunciphisa ukuvuleka kwamehlo.
Kwelinye icala, uncumo olwenziwe ngabom luya kuvelisa yonke le miqondiso, eyenza ukuba kunganzima ukuyifumana, kungoko kufuneka kukhangelwe umkhondo ongacacanga: ukwehla okuncinci kumashiya kunye nolusu phakathi kwamathambo. ijwabu leso eliphezulu, elibizwa ngokuba kukugquma kweliso. Lo mahluko kunzima ukuwuqonda, kwaye ixesha elininzi sikhohliswa ngokuncuma okubanzi, enokuchaza ukuba kutheni abantu beyisebenzisa njengesigqubuthelo seemvakalelo esiqhelekileyo.
Uncumo lwasekuhlaleni
Uncumo lwasekuhlaleni, ngaba luyinyani okanye luyinyani? Ngokwesiqhelo bayaxoka kuba siyayenza, "kuba kufanele ukuba njalo" kwaye hayi kuba olo ncumo luvakala ngalo mzuzu, ubuncinci, kumaxesha amaninzi.
I-anthropologists yenkcubeko ikwaqwalasele ukuba abantu beenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo bancuma kwiimeko ezichaphazela iimvakalelo ezingalunganga kunye nezintle, ukuqinisa ngakumbi izigqibo zovavanyo lweengqondo ... Ezi zifundo zembali zagqiba kwelokuba intsingiselo yoncumo yayimiselwe ngokwenkcubeko, ngokubanzi, kwakungekho Imbonakalo yeemvakalelo, kwaye ngakumbi, bekungekho mbonakalo yobuso kwindalo iphela yolonwabo, nangona zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi imbonakalo yobuso yeemvakalelo.